HEROD and the HASMONEANS d. 166 BC
Alexandra
Salome
Ruled
76-67 BC
John d. 160 BC
Simon
High Priest
142-135 BC
Judas
High Priest
165-162 BC
Eliezer d. 162 BC
John Hyrcanus I
Ruled
134-104 BC
Aristobulus I
Ruled
104-103 BC
Hyrcanus II
High Priest / King
75-66, 63-40 BC
Mattathias d. 134 BC
Judah d. 134 BC
Alexander Janneus
Ruled
103-76 BC
Alexandra
Antigonus d. 107 BC
Aristobulus II
Ruled (POMPEY)
66-63 BC
Jonathan
High Priest d. 166 BC
Absalom
?
Contested the Throne
Antipater
HEROD the Great
Ruled 37-4 BC
Alexander d. 53 BC
Antigonus
Ruled
(UNDER PARTHIANS)
40-37 BC
Phasaelus
Mariamne I
Married to
Herod the Great

New Testament History and Geography
Under Pompey
Hyrcanus and Aristobulus both seek Rome’s support
Pompey favors Hyrcanus and Aristobulus rebels
Hyrcanus put in power and Aristobulus is taken hostage to Rome
Hyrcanus is supported by Antipater, Herod’s father
There is a life-long partnership between them
Antipater provides the administrative leadership
Hyrcanus provides the legitimacy

New Testament History and Geography
Under Crassus (of the first triumvirate)
Crassus put in charge of Syria and the east
He took the remaining gold from the temple in Jerusalem
He used the gold to finance his campaign against Parthia
Crassus dies in ill-fated battle against Parthians (hmmm…)
Under Cassius (one of the assassins of Julius Caesar)
Cassius takes 30,000 Jews and sells them into slavery
Kills the lead supporter of Aristobulus (as advised by Antipater)

New Testament History and Geography
Under Julius Caesar
Pompey and Senate flee Rome and head east
Caesar releases Aristobulus from Rome with two legions
Aristobulus is killed by poisen along the way
Hyrcanus and Antipater come to Caesar’s aid in Egypt
Antigonus, son of Aristobulus, asks Caesar to give him the throne
Antigonus accuses Hyrcanus and Antipater of disloyalty
Antipater simply takes off his robes and shows his scars
Thus Antipater keeps Hyrcanus in power

New Testament History and Geography
Under Julius Caesar
Hyrcanus is put in power in Judea
Antipater deligates authority to his two eldest sons
Phasaelus is put in charge of Jerusalem
Herod is placed over Galilee
Peace and stability come to the region
Antipater is honored like a king
Others use this to provoke Hyrcanus to jealousy

New Testament History and Geography
Under Julius Caesar
Hyrcanus is put in power in Judea
Others use this to provoke Hyrcanus to jealousy
Herod puts a group of robbers to death without permission
Others persuade Hyrcanus to bring him to trial
Sextus Caesar, Gov. of Syria, writes on Herod’s behalf
Herod has an attachment of soldiers to protect himself
Herod is released of the charges
Sextus Caesar is killed and then Julius Caesar is assasinated

New Testament History and Geography
Under Cassius AGAIN (one of the assassins of Julius Caesar)
Cassius returns to the east to raise an army against Oct. and MA
Cassius instructs his governors to gather a large sum of support
Herod is the first to raise the amount bringing him favor
Herod is made Procurator of all Syria during the war with MA
Cassius promises Herod that he will be made king of Judea

New Testament History and Geography
Under Cassius AGAIN (one of the assassins of Julius Caesar)
Antipater, Herod’s father, is poisened my Malichus
Cassius allows/encourages Herod to kill Malichus
Hyrcanus is shocked but does not go against Herod
Herod is betrothed to Mariamne
Grandaughter of Aristobulus II through son, Alexander
Grandaughter of Hyrcanus II through daughter, Alexandra
Marriage makes Herod a legitimate heir

New Testament History and Geography
Under Cassius AGAIN (one of the assassins of Julius Caesar)
Antigonus, son of Aristobulus II, makes a move for the throne
Herod defeats Aristobulus and many of the Jews favor him
Moreso now that he is married to Mariamne
Cassius and Brutus are defeated by Marc Antony and Octavius
Octavius goes west to Italy
Marc Antony goes east!

New Testament History and Geography
Octavius
Lepidus
Marcus
Antonius

New Testament History and Geography
Under Marc Antony
Marc Antony takes control of the eastern empire
He is already under the spell of Cleopatra
Prominant Jews go to Anthony agains Herod and Phasaelus
They accuse them of keeping their power by force
They say Hyrcanus is just a puppet
Antony asks Hyrcanus who would govern better
Hyrcanus says Herod and Phasaelus
Hyrcanus thus keeps Herod in power

New Testament History and Geography
Under the Parthians
Antigonus, son Aristobulus II, seeks the throne again
He promises the Parthians large sums of money and women
Parthians use deception to capture Hyrcanus and Phasaelus
Antigonus bites off Hyrcanus’s ears so he can’t be high priest
Phasaelus kills himself
Herod escapes and flees to Masada and leaves his family there
Goes to Arabia for help and gets none
Goes to Egypt and then sails for Rome

New Testament History and Geography
Herod in Rome
Herod pleads his case to Marc Antony who is sympathetic
Marc Antony brings him to Octavius, who also supports Herod
Herod is brought before the Senate and declared King of Judea
Herod leaves the Senate flanked by both Octavius and Antony

New Testament History and Geography
Herod Takes Judea from the Parthians and Aristobulus
Herod pleads his case to Marc Antony who is sympathetic
Marc Antony brings him to Octavius, who also supports Herod
Herod is brought before the Senate and declared King of Judea
Herod leaves the Senate flanked by both Octavius and Antony

NT
HG
ARBELA
Herod returns to Judea/Galilee
First takes Galilee building forces
Has to take Joppa before Masada
Takes Masada and frees family
Lays siege to Jerusalem
Proclaims peace to enemies but ignored
Roman commander stirs up dissension
Armies go to winter quarters
Meanwhile Herod takes Idumea
Puts family in Samaria (city)
Takes out robbers in the caves of Arbela
Silo goes to help Romans against Parthia
Herod takes on the robbers in Judean wilderness
JOPPA
SEBASTE
JERUSALEM
MASADA
IDUMEA
JERICHO
JUDEAN
WILDERNESS

New Testament History and Geography
Herod goes to Help Antony with a seige in Mesopotamia
Herod helped Antony greatly earning him more favor
Antony promises more help to Herod for gaining his kingdom
Herod's little brother, Joseph, attacks Antigonus and is killed
Antigonus dishonor's the body of Joseph
Antigonus takes advantage of Herod’s absence
Antigonus drowns Herod’s supporters in the Sea of Galilee

New Testament History and Geography
Herod Returns
Herod avenges himself in Galilee and marches to Jericho
Dines with prominent men, house collapses right after he leaves
Taken as a sign of his coming success
Herod is victorious in Jericho
Herod goes up to Jerusalem and camps against the north side
He destroys the suburbs to build his camp
He marries Miriam at this time

New Testament History and Geography
Herod in Control under Marc Antony
Cleopatra manipulates Marc Antony
Antony takes from Herod’s domain and bestows it on Cleopatra
Cleopatra manipulates a war between Herod and Arabia
This keeps Herod from participating in the battle of Actium
Herod is successful against Arabia thanks to an earthquake
Marc Antony is defeated and Antony and Cleopatra are killed

New Testament History and Geography
Herod in Control under Marc Antony
Cleopatra manipulates Marc Antony
Antony takes from Herod’s domain and bestows it on Cleopatra
Cleopatra manipulates a war between Herod and Judea
This keeps Herod from participating in the battle of Actium
Herod is successful against Arabia thank to an earthquake
Marc Antony is defeated and Antony and Cleopatra are killed

New Testament History and Geography
Herod under Caesar Augustus
Herod submits to Caesar Augustus at Rhodes
He appears before him without his crown and royal garb
Herod openly admits to his support of Antony
He pledges like support to Caesar
Caesar gives Herod his crown back and enlarges his kingdom
“I hope that you will think on what sort of friend I have been, not whose.”
- Herod to Caesar Augustus

PHASEAL
43 – 40 BC
“Tetrarch of Judea”
Killed during
Parthian invasion
New Testament History and Geography
AD 50 – 92
48 – 43 BC
37 BC - Divorced
II
? - Removed as Heir *** Last Herod!
***
“Procurator of
Judea”
HEROD AGRIPPA I
ARISTOBULUS
AD 37 – 44
Mariamne
(1)
29 BC - Executed
I
7 BC Executed
Hasmonean
Bernice
HEROD Hasmonean
THE GREAT
43 – 37 BC
“Tetrarch of Judea”
37 – 4 BC
“King of Judea”
Mariamne
(2)
5 BC – Divorced
Jewish
I
ALEXANDER
7 BC Executed
Hasmonean
III
HEROD PHILIP
5 BC – Removed as Heir
Herodias
Glaphyra
Herodias
Malthake
Samaritan
Cleopatra
“of Jerusalem”
Salome
JUDEA, SAMARIA, AND IDUMEA
Will Archelaus
4 BC – AD 6
“Ethnarch of Judea”
Glaphyra
IV
Will
GALILEE AND PEREA
Herod Antipas
4 BC – AD 36
“Tetrarch”
Herodias
ITUREA AND TRACHONITIS
Will Philip
4 BC – AD 34
“Tetrarch”
Salome