STD/PASS/TAGS – Trade and Globalisation Statistics
Agenda
Item 8a
Linkages of trade and
structural business
statistics
OECD progress report
STD/PASS/TAGS – Trade and Globalisation Statistics
Background
• In the context of a globalized world economy, the demand for
detailed information about the characteristics of trade operators is
gaining more and more importance.
•Trade data by size of enterprise, broken down by sector of activity, by
export markets, and by location (e.g. region) would not only allow
analyzing trade effects on employment and value added, but also
identifying sectoral and/or regional performances.
• Such an analysis requires data from two different statistical sources:
business/industrial statistics and foreign trade statistics.
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STD/PASS/TAGS – Trade and Globalisation Statistics
Background
• The usual key issue in this context is finding a common identifier
between business and trade registers. While the EU Member States
have shown a decent success in compiling sectoral trade statistics,
the ability of Non-EU OECD member countries to perform a linkage
exercise varies significantly between countries.
• However, the positive reactions to the OECD pilot questionnaire
from April 2005 encouraged the secretariat to head for a similar data
collection approach as Eurostat, to avoid any duplicate work and to
ensure consistency across OECD countries.
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STD/PASS/TAGS – Trade and Globalisation Statistics
Introduction
• Upon invitation from Statistics Canada, the 1st Meeting of the Business
Economic Statistics and Trade (BEST) Steering Group took place 19-21
June 2006 at Statistics Canada, Ottawa.
•The 1st Steering Group meeting had very fruitful discussions and
decided on the terms of reference, the name of the group, the general
approach in terms of methodology and the installation of an electronic
discussion group.
•The next meeting of the Steering Group is scheduled to take place end
2007.
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STD/PASS/TAGS – Trade and Globalisation Statistics
Introduction
•
The project has been presented at the 2nd OECD Structural Business
Statistics Expert Meeting (10-11 May 2007) and was supported by
delegates.
•
Also representatives from some Non-OECD countries showed interest in
the project.
•
Norway has already delivered results for 2003, according to OECD
nomenclature.
•
OECD would especially appreciate the participation from
Non-EU OECD candidate countries in this exercise, but also other nonOECD countries are invited to join the project they wish so...
5
STD/PASS/TAGS – Trade and Globalisation Statistics
Electronic Discussion Group “B. E. S. T.”
•
A considerable number of methodological considerations and drawbacks
have to be taken into account given the very different statistical systems in
place in these countries. Therefore, the EDG B.E.S.T. will play a key role in
enabling OECD and member countries to compile methodological
recommendations.
•
The EDG has the following categories for input:
– Methodologies (this category is pre-condition for the category
‘guidelines’),
– Meetings (meeting documents and reports of meetings),
– Guidelines (the development of a manual, suitable for Non-EU countries
of the OECD, would be the optimum),
– Globalisation (this category re-groups issues from the globalisation
context which impact on the work of this group. For instance, intra-firm
trade and multinationals),
– Data and Indicators (this category is intended to assemble the basic
data and indicators which have been compiled through this work).
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STD/PASS/TAGS – Trade and Globalisation Statistics
Electronic Discussion Group “B. E. S. T.”
7
STD/PASS/TAGS – Trade and Globalisation Statistics
Electronic Discussion Group “B. E. S. T.”
8
STD/PASS/TAGS – Trade and Globalisation Statistics
The first OECD Linkage Table (2007)
Table I: Trade and Business Registers
Population
concerned
1) All trade
operators
Imports
Exports
Number of foreign trade
operatorsi
Trade coverage ii (%)
Number of foreign trade
2) All trade
operators except operators i
incomplete or
ii
wrong ID numbers Trade coverage (%)
Number of foreign trade
i
3) Trade operators operators
Number of enterprises /
successfully
iii
matched with the establishments
BR
Trade coverage iv (%)
This table gives an indication about the
statistical relevance / significance of the results.
The objective is, of course, to include a
maximum of trade operators.
Total number of enterprises in Business Register:
i
: as defined by the identification number. Includes only the above exemption threshold operators.
: trade identified in the trade register, as a proportion of total trade. Total trade includes an estimation of below-thresholds trade.
ii
iii
: as defined in the BR. For the difference between trade operator and enterprise, see the methodological
introduction (annex).
iv:
trade identified in the trade register, and matched with the BR, as a proportion of total trade. Total trade includes an estimation of
below-thresholds trade
Population 1 includes all trade operators above the statistical transaction threshold.
Population 2 includes all trade operators from population 1 except incomplete or wrong identification codes.
Population 3 includes all trade operators from population 2 that can be succesfully matched with business register.
NB: Table corresponds to Eurostat's Table 1
9
STD/PASS/TAGS – Trade and Globalisation Statistics
Table II: Number of enterprises by economic sector and employment size class
ISIC Rev.3.1 (2-digit level)
Imports
0-9
10-49
Exports
50-249
250 or more
0-9
Unknown
Number of
employees
Number of
employees
For a better interpretation of the resulting
sectoral trade-by-enterprise-size class
tables,
background information about the
ISIC Rev.3.1 (2-digit
level)
Total
general05 structure
of Etc.
the enterprises
in the
01
02
10
99
respective country is necessary
(allocation of enterprises by number of
employees and sector).
Total
01
02
05
10
Etc.
99
Table IV: Number of enterprises by economic sector and employment size class
Total
10-49
50-249
250 or more
Unknown
NB: Table corresponds to Eurostat's Table 2.3a
Total
NB: Table corresponds to Eurostat's Table 2.4a
Table III: Trade (1000 US$) by economic sector and employment size class
ISIC Rev.3.1 (2-digit level)
Imports
Total
01
02
05
10
Etc.
99
The figures of these tables indicate the
Table V: Trade (1000 US$) by economic sector and employment
size classproduced by enterprise size
10-49
trade values
50-249
ISIC Rev.3.1 (2-digit level) (in terms of number of employees). The
Exports
Total
250 or more
01
02
05
10
Etc. by ISIC
99
cross-tabulation
classification
Unknown
0-9
allows distinguishing the influence on
Total
10-49
external trade of the big / medium / small
50-249
250 or
more
NB: Table corresponds to Eurostat's
Table
2.3b
enterprises by sectors.
Number of
employees
Number of
employees
0-9
Unknown
Total
NB: Table corresponds to Eurostat's Table 2.4b
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STD/PASS/TAGS – Trade and Globalisation Statistics
Table VI: Concentration of trade (1000 US$)
ISIC Rev.3.1 (2-digit level)
Imports
TableC-E
VII: Concentration
ofOthers
trade (1000 Total
US$)
G
Top 5 enterprises
Top 10 enterprises
ISIC Rev.3.1 (2-digit level)
Exports
C-E
Top 20 enterprises
Top 50 enterprises
G
Others
Total
Top 5 enterprises
Top 100 enterprises Top 10 enterprises
Top 500 enterprises Top 20 enterprises
Top 1000 enterprises Top 50 enterprises
All enterprises
Top 100 enterprises
Top 500 enterprises
These tables help to identify the degree in
All enterprises
which the top enterprises (in terms of
trade value) determine the total trade /
trade by sectors of the respective
NB: Table corresponds to Eurostat's Table 3.4
country.
Top 1000 enterprises
NB: Table corresponds to Eurostat's Table 3.3
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STD/PASS/TAGS – Trade and Globalisation Statistics
Table VIII: Number of enterprises by partner zone
Imports
Partner country or zone
Belgium
Germany
Greece
Spain
France
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Austria
Portugal
Finland
Denmark
Sweden
United Kingdom
EU15
Czech Republic
Estonia
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Hungary
Malta
Poland
Slovenia
Slovakia
Norway
Switzerland
Romania
Bulgaria
Turkey
Russia
Other European Countries
North Africa
Other African countries
Canada
NACE Rev. 1.1 (section level)
Table X: Number of enterprises by partner zone
C-E
G
Others
Total
ISIC Rev.3.1 (2-digit level)
Exports
Partner country or zone
Belgium
Germany
Greece
Spain
France
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Austria
Portugal
Finland
Denmark
Sweden
United Kingdom
EU15
Czech Republic
Estonia
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Hungary
Malta
Poland
Slovenia
Slovakia
Norway
Switzerland
Romania
Bulgaria
Turkey
Russia
Other European Countries
C-E
G
Others
Total
In contrary to the ‘classic view’ of foreign
trade statistics (trade value by partner
country) these tables concentrate on the
question of how many enterprises (in
which sectors) trade with which
countries. In other words, it’s a look at
the number of trade relations (by sectors)
instead of a look at the value of trade
relations.
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STD/PASS/TAGS – Trade and Globalisation Statistics
Table IX: Value of trade (1000 US$) by partner zone
Imports
Partner country or zone
Belgium
Germany
Greece
Spain
France
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Austria
Portugal
Finland
Denmark
Sweden
United Kingdom
EU15
Czech Republic
Estonia
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Hungary
Malta
Poland
Slovenia
Slovakia
Norway
Switzerland
Romania
Bulgaria
Turkey
Russia
Other European Countries
North Africa
Other African countries
Canada
NACE Rev. 1.1 (section level)
Table
of trade (1000 Total
US$) by partner zone
G XI: ValueOthers
C-E
ISIC Rev.3.1 (2-digit level)
Exports
Partner country or zone
Belgium
Germany
Greece
Spain
France
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Austria
Portugal
Finland
Denmark
Sweden
United Kingdom
EU15
Czech Republic
Estonia
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Hungary
Malta
Poland
Slovenia
Slovakia
Norway
Switzerland
Romania
Bulgaria
Turkey
Russia
C-E
G
Others
Total
The ‘classic’ view towards trade values
by partner countries, but broken-down by
ISIC sections of the traders.
13
STD/PASS/TAGS – Trade and Globalisation Statistics
Table XII: Number of enterprises according to number of partner countries
Imports
ISIC Rev.3.1 (2-digit level)
G
Others
Total
1 partner country
Table XIV: Number of enterprises according to number of partner countries
2 partner countries
ISIC Rev.3.1 (2-digit level)
3 partner countries
Exports
C-E
G
Others
4-5 partner countries
1
partner
country
6-7 partner countries
8-10 partner countries 2 partner countries
11-13 partner countries 3 partner countries
14+ partner countries 4-5 partner countries
6-7 partner countries
Unknown
8-10 partner countries
Total
11-13 partner countries
14+ partner countries
Unknown
Total5.3a
NB: Table corresponds to Eurostat's Table
Number of partner
countries
Number of partner
countries
C-E
These tables show the degreesTotal
of
(geographic) diversification by sectors in
terms of number of partner countries and
number of enterprises.
Table XIII: Value of trade (1000 US$) according to number of partner countries
Imports
ISIC Rev.3.1
(2-digit level)
NB: Table corresponds to Eurostat's
Table 5.4a
Number of partner
countries
Number of partner
countries
C-E
G
Others
Total
1 partner country
Table XV: Value of trade (1000 US$) according to number of partner countries
2 partner countries
ISIC Rev.3.1 (2-digit level)
3 partner countries
Exports
C-E
G
Others
4-5 partner countries
1
partner
country
6-7 partner countries
8-10 partner countries 2 partner countries
11-13 partner countries3 partner countries
14+ partner countries 4-5 partner countries
6-7 partner countries
Unknown
8-10 partner countries
Total
11-13 partner countries
14+ partner countries
Unknown
NB: Table corresponds to Eurostat's Total
Table 5.3a
Total
These tables show the degrees of
(geographic) diversification by sectors in
terms of number of partner countries and
value of trade.
NB: Table corresponds to Eurostat's Table 5.4b
14
Table XVI: Trade (1000 US$) by commodity and economic activity
Imports
Exports
01
03
01
04
02
11
03
12
04
13
11
14
12
15
13
16
14
17
23
18
24
21
25
22
26
23
27
24
28
25
29
26
31
27
32
32
37
33
38
34
39
35
41
36
42
37
43
38
44
39
CPC 1.0 (2-digit level)
CPC 1.0 (2-digit level)
36
53
Detailed cross-tabulation tables by CPC
1.0 (2-digit-level) and ISIC 3.1 (2-digitlevel).
31
35
52
99
29
34
51
Etc.
28
33
49
10
17
22
48
05
16
21
47
02
15
18
46
Total
01
02
45
STD/PASS/TAGS – Trade and Globalisation Statistics
ISIC Rev.3.1 Table
(2-digitXVII:
level)Trade (1000 US$) by commodity and economic activity
Total
01
02
05 ISIC Rev.3.1
10 (2-digit
Etc.
99
level)
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
15
STD/PASS/TAGS – Trade and Globalisation Statistics
Some results: Norway
Norway:
Concentration of exports (% ), by ISIC Sectors, 2003
97 97
92 92
100
90
85
79
80
% of total exports
71
70
60
65
60
57
5355
59
C-E
G
Others
39
38
Total
26
30
20
76
72
48
50
40
88
80
69
68
99 99
96 96
16
10
0
Top 5
Top 10
Top 20
Top 500
Top 100
Top 500
Top 1000
16
STD/PASS/TAGS – Trade and Globalisation Statistics
Some results: Norway
Number of enterprises according to number of partner
countries (exports), in % of total enterprises, 2003
% of total enterprises
80
68
70
54 54
60
50
40
C-E
39
G
Others
30
Total
16171416
20
9968
10
119
5
8
64
34
63
23
3212
10
2 24
co
un
tr i
pa
es
r tn
er
co
14
un
+
tri
pa
es
r tn
er
co
un
tr i
es
s
11
-1
3
810
pa
r tn
er
ou
nt
r ie
s
67
pa
rtn
er
c
ou
nt
r ie
es
45
pa
rtn
er
c
er
co
un
tri
es
3
pa
r tn
er
co
un
tri
pa
r tn
2
1
pa
r tn
er
co
un
try
0
17
STD/PASS/TAGS – Trade and Globalisation Statistics
Some results: Norway
Value of trade according to number of partner countries (exports),
in % of total trade, 2003
75
80
71
70
56
% of total trade
60
C-E
50
40
40
Others
27
30
G
Total
20
12
10
6
14 3
12 1
2 43
3 33
13 2
811 8
3
9
7
98 9
5
s
tri
e
un
co
er
14
-1
3
11
+
pa
r tn
pa
r tn
er
er
co
co
un
un
tri
tri
es
es
tr i
es
8-
10
pa
pa
rtn
rtn
er
co
un
7
6-
pa
rtn
er
co
un
tr i
es
s
tri
e
un
co
5
4-
3
pa
r tn
er
co
er
pa
r tn
2
1
pa
r tn
er
co
un
un
tri
e
s
try
0
18
STD/PASS/TAGS – Trade and Globalisation Statistics
The road ahead
•
The process of building up a new database on trade by enterprise
characteristics has been put into motion now with the sending out of the first
version of the OECD Linkage Table.
•
The next step consists in filling these out as much as possible by countries,
identifying barriers to do so and clarifying concepts and definitions. This first
stocktaking and initial combining of data is the obligatory first step before
proceeding further. There is nothing OECD can do in this respect without the
active participation of countries.
•
OECD has created the Electronic Discussion Group “B.E.S.T.” to provide a onestop-address for this work for collaborating countries. Both countries and OECD
can now provide inputs; this is the immediate task for preparing the next
meeting. The first inputs (methodology, data collection tables) have been
provided, and the EDG is in the process of being populated.
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STD/PASS/TAGS – Trade and Globalisation Statistics
The road ahead [ctd]
•
Step-by-step, cleared concepts and definitions should be compiled in a pilot
recommendations manual for adoption by countries. It seems advisable to
make the recommendations sufficiently broad so that they can be also
applied by other countries, for instance the Big 5 Non-Member countries of
OECD.
•
After results from the first data collection will be available, OECD will set up
(in close cooperation with Eurostat) a first set of OECD tables from the
linkage exercise.
•
A 2nd B.E.S.T. meeting is scheduled to take place towards end 2007 to
allow the United States to sufficiently advance in their work. It will be
important to assess best practice and core requirements to proceed further.
•
A periodic review is planned to ensure that the project remains on track and
is providing pertinent results.
20
STD/PASS/TAGS – Trade and Globalisation Statistics
Delegates are invited to:
•
Comment on the project and -eventuallyvoice interest in active participation.
•
Non-EU countries are invited to comment on
their possibility to compile data according to
the standard table framework provided and
flag scope for co-operation with OECD.
21