Mrs. Ermann NEED TO TAPE IN TABLES K AND E Nomenclature 2 Transition Metal Naming 1 Transition Metal Naming The transition metals are located in Groups 3 to 12 on the periodic table, and the elements Indium (In), Tin (Sn), Lead (Pb) and Bismuth (Bi). The reason transition metals are named differently than the main group elements is that they have "d" orbitals and as a result, they can have MORE THAN ONE oxidation states. It is very important that the oxidation state is noted because IONS WITH DIFFERENT OXIDATION STATES REACT IN DIFFERENT WAYS. For example, sodium has only one oxidation state: +1. But, Copper, a transition metal has two oxidation states: +1 AND +2. Both ions react in different ways. Iron has two oxidation states: +2 and +3. The human body can only use the Fe+2 ion to make hemoglobin which carries oxygen around the body in red blood cells. Fe+3 is not taken up by the body be cause is reacts in a totally different way than Fe+2. NOTE: ZINC AND SILVER HAVE ONLY ONE OXIDATION STATE: Zn+2 and Ag+1. To remember this, remember the following: 2 HOW TO DETERMINE THE OXIDATION STATE OF A TRANSITION METAL IN A COMPOUND BINARY COMPOUNDS WITH TRANSITION METALS: The goal is to balance out the oxidation states so that they equation zero when added. 1. Determine the oxidation state of the non-metal (anion) in the compound. For example, in FeCl2, chlorine has an a +1 oxidation state. -1 Cl 2. If there is more than one anion present, multiply its charge by the subscript. Cl2 -1 = -2 3. The two chlorine atoms have a total charge of -2. In order to balance out the charges so the compound has an over charge of ZERO, the iron ion must have a charge of +2. +2 Fe + -2 = 0 (zero) Cl2-1 So the correct charge on the iron ion is +2. We name this compound Iron(II)chloride. The (II) is a Roman numeral used to indicate the charge on the iron atom. We use the "-ide" ending on the chloride because it is a binary compound. Chart of Roman Numerals: Roman numeral I II III IV V VI Charge +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 Example: What is the correct name of CrCl3 ? The charge of Cr is unknown = x . But chloride = (-1). The sum of the charges has to be zero, so: Answer: x + 3(-1) = 0. x = 3. CrCl3 = chromium (III) chloride. 3 TERNARY COMPOUNDS WITH TRANSITION METALS (those which contain a polyatomic ion). Recall that polyatomic ions are a group THAT STAYS TOGETHER and has ONE CHARGE. (There are exceptions, but they are not part of this course.) The same procedure is used. Example: What is the name of the compound Cd(NO3)4. We know that the NO3 polyatomic ion has a charge of -1. But there are four nitrate groups present, each with a change of -1, so the total charge on the nitrate group is -4. Since there is only one Cd present, the charge on it must be -4, so that the charge on the whole compound equals zero. +4 + -4 = 0 (zero) Cd (NO3)4 -1 So the name of this compound is Cadmium(IV)nitrate. Use the name of the polyatomic as listed on Table E. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------If there is more than one metal present, determine its charge by dividing the total negative charge by the number of metal ions present. Example: Sn3P2 We know that phosphorous has an ionic charge (oxidation state) of -3. BUT, there are two phosphorous ions present, so the total charge for phosphorous is -6. P2-3 = -6 There are THREE tin ions present and the total charge on the tin must be +6. If we divide 3 into 6, which will give us 2. This means there is a charge on the iron is +2. Sn3+2 = +6 +6 The total charge on the compound is zero: Sn3+2 + -6 = 0 P2-3 The name of this compound is Tin(II) Phosphide. The (II) indicates the charge on the tin. It is the same for compounds with polyatomic ions. 4 Transition Metal Binary Ionic Compounds: Worksheet #1 1.) Lead (II) Oxide ___________________ 18.) MnCl4_________________________ 2.) Manganese (II) Oxide ______________ 19.) SnO___________________________ 3.) Tin (II) Chloride __________________ 20.) Co2S3________________________ 4.) Iron (III) Oxide ___________________ 5.) Mercury (II) Bromide ______________ 6.) Copper (I) Oxide __________________ 7.) Cobalt (III) Chloride ______________ 8.) Lead (IV) Oxide __________________ 9.) Chromium (III) Chloride ____________ 10.) Chromium (II) Nitride ____________ 11.) Ni2S3 __________________________ 12.) V3P4 __________________________ 13.) CoBr2__________________________ 14.) Cu3N2 _________________________ 15.) SnS2 __________________________ 16.) FeN ___________________________ 17.) Fe2S3__________________________ 5 Transition Metal AND Main Group Metal Binary Ionic Compounds: Worksheet #2 1) Lithium Oxide ____________________ 12) VS ____________________________ 2) Nickel (I) Sulfide _________________ 13) PbO2 ___________________________ 3) Potassium Fluoride ________________ 14) PbCl2 __________________________ 4) Calcium Phosphide _______________ 15) MgBr2 _________________________ 16) SrI2 ___________________________ 5) Chromium (III) Sulfide ____________ 17) Au2S ___________________________ 6) Aluminum Oxide _________________ 18) NiBr3 _________________________ 7) Copper (II) Phosphide _____________ 19) BaBr2 _________________________ 8) Lead (IV) Bromide _______________ 20) CdS __________________________ 9) Zinc Sulfide ____________________ 21) FeCl2 _________________________ 10) Cobalt (II) Chloride ______________ 22) Cu2S __________________________ 11) Gold Nitride _____________________ 23) BeO __________________________ 24) VO2___________________________ 25) Ag2O _________________________ 26) Na2S _________________________ 27) LiH __________________________ 28) VN ____________________________ 6 Ternary Ionic Compounds (Polyatomics): Worksheet Write the formula. USE TABLE E! 1) barium sulfate _________________________ 2) lead (II) acetate _________________________ 3) nickel (II) hypochlorite _________________________ 4) tin (IV) chlorate _________________________ 5) manganese (IV) carbonate _________________________ 6) copper (II) nitrite _________________________ 7) iron (III) hydroxide _________________________ 8) hydrogen cyanide _________________________ 9) ammonium chloride _________________________ 10) ammonium nitrate _________________________ Write the name. 11) Mg(ClO4)2 _______________________________________ 12) LiClO2 _______________________________________ 13) CuOH _______________________________________ 14) Cu(ClO3)2 _______________________________________ 15) AgNO3 _______________________________________ 16) Al(ClO)3 _______________________________________ 17) NaCN _______________________________________ 18) (NH4)2C2O4_______________________________________ 19) CuCO3 _______________________________________ 20) Na3PO4 _______________________________________ 7 #3 Mixed Ionic Compound Naming: Worksheet Write the formula. 1) sodium hydroxide ____________________________ 2) ammonium chromate _________________________ 3) lead (IV) oxalate ______________________________ 4) copper (I) sulfate _____________________________ 5) cobalt (III) hypochlorite _________________________ 6) magnesium phosphate _________________________ 7) zinc nitrate _____________________________ 8) manganese (IV) carbonate _________________________ 9) potassium dichromate _________________________ 10) iron (III) cyanide _________________________ 11) lithium nitrite _________________________ 12) beryllium sulfite _________________________ 13) barium hydroxide _________________________ 14) ammonium permanganate _________________________ 15) calcium cyanide _________________________ 16) sodium bicarbonate _________________________ 17) beryllium acetate _________________________ 18) Zn(ClO2)2 _______________________________________ 19) Mg3(PO4)2 _______________________________________ 20) ZnCr2O7 _______________________________________ 21) CaCO3 _______________________________________ 8 #5 22) KMnO4 _______________________________________ 23) H2O2 _______________________________________ 24) AgC2H3O2 _______________________________________ 25) Cd(HSO4)2 _______________________________________ 26) CuFO3 _______________________________________ 27) H2SO4 _______________________________________ 28) Cr2(SO3)3 _______________________________________ 29) LiCN _______________________________________ 30) VS ____________________________ 31) PbO2 ___________________________ 32) PbCl2 __________________________ 33) MgBr2 _________________________ 34) SrI2 ___________________________ 35) Au2S ___________________________ 36) NiBr3 _________________________ 37) BaBr2 _________________________ 38) CdS __________________________ 39) FeCl2 _________________________ 40) Cu2S __________________________ 41) BeO __________________________ 42) VO2___________________________ 43) Ag2O _________________________ 44) Na2S _________________________ 9 Inorganic Acids Acids formulas ALWAYS begin with hydrogen. The names ALWAYS end with the word “acid.” You will be supplied with Table K, which will give you the formulas and names for all the acids you need to know. Acids: Worksheet 1. HNO3______________________________________ 2. HC2H3O2__________________________________ 3. H3PO4_____________________________________ 4. HCl___________________________ 5. H2SO3__________________________ 6. H2CO3_________________________ 7. HNO2___________________________ 8. H2SO4______________________________________ 9. carbonic acid____________________ 10. sulfuric acid_____________________ 11. hydrochloric acid ________________ 12. nitrous acid__________________ 13. sulfurous acid______________________ 14. nitric acid____________________ 15. phosphoric acid_________________________ 16. sulfuric acid__________________________ 10