Motion and Time Study
“Time study is the one element in scientific management
beyond all others making possible the transfer of skill
from management to men…..” –Frederick W. Taylor
Operations Management 345
Mayra Calderon
Dr. Foster
May 2003
Overview
• Motion and Time Study Defined
– History
• Details about Motion and Time Study
• Motion and Time Study in your
organization
• Real World Example
• Summary of Presentation
• Reading List
What is Motion and Time
Study
• Motion Study is designed to
determine to best way to
complete a repetitive job
• Time Study measures how long
it takes an average worker to
complete a task at a normal
pace
History of Motion and
Time Study
• Frank B. Gilbreth, Lillian M
Gilbreth
-1885, he begun to develop motion study
• Frederick W. Taylor
-1881, he started to develop time study
History of Motion and
Time Study
• Used Separately
• Became interrelated
History of Motion Study
• Bricklaying
• Tools Used
– Motion camera
History of Time Study
• Started at a machine shop
• home with his family
• Tools
– Stopwatch & Clipboard
Tools Used Today…….
• Computers
• Bar codes
• Accustudy Software
Details of Motion and
Time Study
• Motion Study
– Improve methods
– It measures distance, or how much you
move to do a job, and how much you get
done in a period of time
• Time study
– Establish standards
– Looked at the average time it took an
average worker
Computing Standards
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Estimating
Performance records
Stopwatch time study
Standard data
Time study formulas
Work sampling schedules
Queuing theory
How to use Motion and Time
Study in your Organization
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Manufacturing
Office
Banks
Department Stores
Hospitals
How do you decide if you need
to do a Motion and Time Study
• Are costs too high(is there a
problem)?
• Why is there a problem?
• How can it be solved?
• Which alternative is better?
• Choose the best alternative
Real World Example A
Company Using Time Study
Cooper Hospital/University
Medical Center
• Problem
– HR Personnel was not very accessible to
employees at the hospital
– Hard to reach the right person to answer
questions
– Inefficient voice-mail system
Real World Example A
Company Using Time Study
Cooper Hospital/University
Medical Center
• Tools Used
– Bar-coding system
– Computer
Other
– Determining the busiest time of the day
– Establishing categories
Real World Example A
Company Using Time Study
Cooper Hospital/University
Medical Center
• Discoveries
– Majority of calls were for appointments
– Many calls from outside sources for job
verification
Results Continued…..
• Implementations
– New systems
– New positions
– Improving service and costs
Motion and Time Study
Problem
• There is a group of students
stuffing envelopes. They have to
put three different color-coded
pages in the envelopes(red,
white, orange).
Motion and Time Study
Problem
Operation
inserting
the color
page
1 cycle
2 cycle
3 cycle
T (min)
RF
NT
Color
Red
0.02
0.06
0.03
0.036
1.15
0.0414
Color
White
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
1.05
0.0315
Color
Orange
0.02
0.05
0.07
0.046
1.00
0.046
Motion and Time Study
Problem
• Compute the standard time
• Compute number of envelopes
stuffed in one hour
Solution
• To compute the standard time
Adjust the normal cycle with an allowance factor
of 10 percent
ST= (NT)(1-AF)
= (.1189)(1-.10)
=.1070 min
To compute number of envelopes in one
hour
60 min/.1070min/envelope= 560 envelopes an
hour
Summary of Presentation
• This presentation looks at
Motion and Time Study as a
method to reduce costs and
increase productivity.
• The history of Motion and Time
Study
• Details of Motion and Time
Study
Summary of Presentation
• Reasons to implement Motion
and Time Study in your
organization
• The use of Motion and Time
Study at Cooper
Hospital/University Center
• An Exercise
Reading List
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Aharonson-Daniel, L.; Fung, H.;Hedley, A.J., Time studies in A&E
departments- a useful tool for management, Journal of
Management in Medicine, Hong Kong. 1996. Vol. 10, Issue 3.
Anonymous, Program boosts efficiency of time-&-motion studies,
Plastics Engineering, Brookfield Center. April 2002. Vol. 58,
Issue 4.
Barnes, Ralph Mosser, Motion and Time Study, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., Los Angeles,CA.1980.
Dossett, Royal J., Work-measured labor standards- The state of
the art, Industrial Engineering, Norcross. April 1995. Vol. 27,
Issue 4.
Hayes, John R., Memo busters, Forbes, New York. April 1995. Vol.
155, Issue 9.
Reading List Continued….
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Koepfer, Chris, Automating time studies, Modern Machine Shop,
Cincinnati. September 2002. Vol. 75, Issue 4.
Niebel, Benjamin W., Motion and Time Study, Richard D. Irwin,
Inc., Homewood, Ill. 1988.
Russell, Roberta S.; Taylor, Bernard W., Operations Management,
Prentice Hall Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.2003.
Stevens, Larry, Time Study Prompts New HR Efficiencies,
Personnel Journal, Santa Monica. April 1994. Vol. 73,
Issue 4.