GLUTEAL/HIP REGION
ARTERY
Superior Gluteal Artery
(pg 61)
Inferior Gluteal Artery
(pg 61)
ORIGIN
Internal Iliac artery
(anterior division)
Internal iliac artery
(posterior division)
COURSE
Passes through greater sciatic
notch
(above piriformis)
Passes through greater sciatic
notch
(below piriformis)
Accompanied by 2 venae
comitantes
TERMINATION Superficial division
BRANCHES
Anterior branches
Deep division
Superficial division
-enters deep to gluteus maximus
 Muscular branch to gluteus
maximus & adjacent muscles
(ii)inferior branches
-supply gluteus medius &
minimus
-anastomose at throchanteric
fossa
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Internal iliac artery
(pariental branch of
ant.division)
Passes through obturator
foramen
Accompanied by 2 venae
comitantes
End by supplying the gluteus
maximus
Deep division:
(i)superior branches
-anastomoses at the anterior
iliac spine
Obturator artery
(pg 54)
Posterior branches
 Muscular branhes
 Anastomotic branch with
 Acompanying branch to sciatic medial circumflex femoral
nerve
artery
 Anastomose with sup.gluteal
artery at trochanteric fossa
 Acetabular branch
-supply femoral head
 Branches to cruciate
anastomosis
AFIQ FAHIMY –SECTION 3
ANASTOMOSIS
TYPE
Trochanteric
anastomosis
Cruciate anastomosis
(pg 63)
SITE
Floor of throchanteric fossa Upper border of adductor
magnus
(back of thigh)
FORMATION
 Descending branch of
sup.gluteal artery
 Horizontal :
-Medial circumflex femoral
artery (transverse branch)
 Ascending branch of both
lateral & medial
circumflex femoral
arteries
-Lateral circumflex femoral
artery (transverse branch)
 Inferior gluteal artery
 Vertical :
-Inferior gluteal artery
(descending branch)
 Posterior division of
obturator artery
VALUE
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-First perforating artery
(ascending branch)
Provides main arterial
Important collateral
supply to the head of femur circulation between internal
iliac artery & femoral artery
AFIQ FAHIMY –SECTION 3
THIGH REGION
Femoral Artery (pg 43)
ARTERY
Profunda Femoris Artery
(pg 45)
BEGINNING
External Iliac artery
(continuation at mid-inguinal point)
Posterolateral of femoral artery
COURSE
Upper half : femoral triangle
Passes downward and lateral to psoas major
muscle
Lower half : Subsartorial canal
Then between pectineus & adductor longus
Descends over adductor brevis then adductor
magnus
TERMINATION
BRANCHES
Opening of adductor magnus

popliteal artery
 3 superficial inguinal arteries:
-superficial epigastric artery
-superficial external pudendal artery
-Superficial external iliac artery
 Deep external pudendal artery
 Profunda femoris artery
 Descending genicular artery
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At 4th perforating branch
 Lateral circumflex femoral artery
-ascending branch
-transverse branch
-descending branch
 Medial circumflex femoral artery
-acetabular branch
-ascending branch
-horizontal branch
 3 perforating branch out of four
(the 4th are the termination)
AFIQ FAHIMY –SECTION 3
Popliteal Artery (pg 76)
ARTERY/VEIN
BEGINNING
Opening of adductor magnus
(continuation of femoral artery)
COURSE
Enters the popliteal fossa at it’s upper angle
Leave fossa at lower angle.
Popliteal Vein
Lower border of popliteus
(ant.tibial artery venae comintantes +
Post.tibial artery venae comintantes)
Enters the popliteal fossa
Have triple relation in the fossa
Have triple relation in the fossa
TERMINATION
Lower border of popliteus muscle into:
Anteror tibial artery
Posterior tibial artery
BRANCHES/
TRIBUTARIES
Opening of adductor magnus

Femoral vein
 Muscular branches:
 Small saphenous vein
 5 Genicular branches :
-sup.lateral genicular
-inf. lateral genicular
 Tributaries which accompanying branches of
popliteal artery
-sup.medial genicular
-inf.medial genicular
-middle genicular
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AFIQ FAHIMY –SECTION 3
LEG REGION
ARTERY
Ant.Tibial Artery (pg 83)
(anterior of leg)
Post.Tibial Artery (pg 100)
(posterior of leg)
Peroneal Artery (pg 102)
(lateral of leg)
BEGINNING
Lower border of popliteus muscle
(ant.branch of popliteal artery)
Lower border of popliteus muscle
(post.branch of popliteal artery)
Posterior tibial artery
(1 inch distal to popliteus
muscle)
COURSE
Passes forwards at upper border of
interrosseous membrane medial to
the neck of fibula.
Descends deep to the soleus muscle
and first septum of deep fascia
Descends downward & lateral
toward fibula
At lower parts of leg,it become
superficial
Vertically downwards over
medial crest of fibula
Descends over the interroseous
membrane accompnied by anterior
tibial nerve
TERMINATION
Dorsalis pedis artery
Have triple relation with the post.tibial
nerve.
Deep to the flexor retinaculum:
At Inf.tibio-fibular joint :
Medial plantar artery
Terminal calcanean branch
(at midway between the 2 malleolli)
Lateral plantar artery
BRANCHES
 Ant.Tibial recurrent artery
 Post.Tibial recurrent artery
 Muscular branches
 Ant.Medial malleolar artery
 Ant.Medial Malleolar artery
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 Peroneal artery
 Muscular branches
 Circumflex fibular branches
 Nutrient artery to fibula
 Muscular branches
 Perforating branches
 Commucating branch connecting to
peroneal artery
 Communicating branch to the
post.tibial artery
 Malleolar branch
 Medial calcanean branch
 Terminal calcanean branches
to the lateral side of the heel
AFIQ FAHIMY –SECTION 3
FOOT (DORSUM PART)
Dorsalis Pedis Artery (pg 88)
ARTERY
BEGINNING
Front of ankle at the midway of the two maleolli
(continuation of ant.tibial artery)
COURSE
On the dorsum of the foot,it lies between:
Ext.digitorum longus (laterally)
Ext.hallucis Longus (medially)
More distally,it crosses the tendon of extensor
hallucis brevis.
TERMINATION
1st Plantar metatarsal artery
(reaches sole region by passing between the two
heads of 1st dorsal interrosseous muscle)
BRANCHES
 Lateral tarsal artery
 Medial tarsal artery
 Arcuate artery:
-Dorsal metatarsal arteries (2nd,3rd,4th)
-Perforating branches
 1st Dorsal Metatarsal artery
 1st Plantar Metatarsal artery
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AFIQ FAHIMY –SECTION 3
FOOT (SOLE PART)
ARTERY
Medial Plantar Artery (pg 113)
Lateral Plantar artery (pg 113)
BEGINNING
Deep to flexor retinaculum between:
Medial malleolus
Medial border of heel
Deep to flexor retinaculum between:
Medial malleolus
Medial border of heel
COURSE
Passes deep to abductor hallucis
Passes deep to abductor hallucis
Then,passes forward between flexor digitorum
brevis & abductor hallucis
Final end,it passes forwards between flexor
digitorum brevis & abductor digiti minimi
Accompanied by 2 venae comitantes
Accompanied by 2 venae comitantes
TERMINATION
At the base of 1st metatarsal bone :
Anastomoses with the 1st plantar metatarsal
artery
Plantar arch:
-anastomose with terminal part of dorsalis
pedis artery
BRANCHES
 Muscular branches
 Proximal part:
-Muscular branch
-Cutaneous branch
-anastomotic branches
 Cutaneous Branches
(supply medial part of sole)
 Plantar Arch :
-Muscular branches
 Superficial digital branches
st nd rd
(accompany 1 ,2 ,3 plantar metatarsal arteries) -Articular branches
-Post.Perforating branches
-Plantar metatarsal arteries (2nd,3rd,4th)
-Lateral plantar digital artery
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AFIQ FAHIMY –SECTION 3
VEINS OF LOWER LIMB (SUPEFICIAL VEINS)
Great (long) Saphenous vein
(pg 140)
Veins
Small (short) Saphenous vein
(pg 140)
Origin
Union of :
Medial end of dorsal venous arch
Medial dorsal digital vein of big toe
Union of:
Lateral end of dorsal venous arch
Lateral dorsal digital vein of little toe
Course
Curved upwards in front of the medial malleous
accompanied by saphenous nerve
Passes backwards on the lateral border of the
dorsum of foot
At leg: Ascends along medial border of tibia
Curved ypwards behid lateral malleolus
accompanied by sural nerve
At thigh: Crosses the roof the femoral triangle to
reach the saphenous opening
Termination
Tributaries
Femoral Vein
(pierces the cribiform fascia)
 Superficial inguinal veins :
-superficial epigastric
-superficial circumflex iliac
-superficial external pudendal
In popliteal fossa,pierces the deep fascia to
terminate into popliteal vein
Popliteal vein
Drains:
-Lateral side of the foot
-Posterior part of leg
 Deep external pudendal vein
 Antero-lateral & postero-lateral vein of thigh
 Communicating vein from upper part of the
short saphenous vein
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AFIQ FAHIMY –SECTION 3
VEINS OF LOWER LIMB (DEEP VEINS)
Veins
Beginning
Popliteal vein
Lower border of popliteus
muscle by union of:
-venae comitantes of
ant&post.tibial arteries
Femoral Vein
Opening of adductor magnus
(continuation of popliteal vein)
Course
Ascend in the popliteal fossa
Lower ½ : lies in the subsartorial
canal
Venae comitantes
Accompanied the small &
medium sized arteries
Upper ½ : lies in the femoral
triangle
Termination
Opening of adductor magnus
(adductor hiatus)

Femoral vein
Behind the inguinal ligament

External iliac vein
Tributaries
 Short saphenous vein
 Long saphenous vein
 5 genicular veins
 Profunda femoris vein
Lower border of popliteus
muscles

Popliteal vein
 Deep external pudendal vein
 Med.circumflex femoral vein
 Lat.circumflex femoral vein
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AFIQ FAHIMY –SECTION 3