Anterior Muscles
• Origin on pelvis or vertebral
column
– Iliacus
– Psoas major
Illiopsoas Muscle
• Three muscles:
– Illiacus
– Psoas major
– Psoas minor
• Action
– Hip flexion
Iliacus
• Origin
– illiac fossa
• Insertion
– Lesser trochanter of the femur
Psoas Major and Minor
• Origin
– Transverse processes of L1-5
• Insertion
– Minor: pectineal line
– Major: lesser trochanter
Pectineus Muscle
• Origin
– Superior ramus of pubis
• Insertion
– pectineal line of femur
• Action
– Hip flexion
– adduction
Tensor Fasciae Latae Muscle
• Origin
– Anterior iliac crest and surface of the ilium
• Insertion
– Ilio-tibial band
• Action
– Abduction about the hip
– Hip flexion
Posterior Muscles
Gluteal muscles
• Origin on pelvis or sacrum
– Gluteus maximus
– Gluteus medius
– Gluteus minimus
• Lateral rotators
–
–
–
–
–
Piriformis
Obturator externus
Obturator internus
Superior and inferior gemellus
Quadratus femoris
Posterior Muscles
‫•‬
‫•‬
‫•‬
‫•‬
‫•‬
‫الیه سطحی‪ ،‬میانی و عمقی‬
‫ عضالت سرینی بزرگ (‪)Gluteus Maximus‬‬‫ عضالت سرینی متوسط (‪Gluteus medius‬‬‫ عضالت سرینی کوچک (‪Gluteus minimus‬‬‫هر سه عضله از سطح خارجی ایلیوم به ترتیب به‬
‫توبروزینه گلوتئال‪ ،‬سطح خارجی و قدامی تروکانتر بزرگ‬
‫استخوان ران می چسبد‪.‬‬
MUSCLES THIGH
Muscles of the Anterior Compartment of
the Thigh
• Quadriceps femoris
– Has four separate heads
– Has a common insertion at the quadriceps tendon
– Powerful knee extensors
•
•
•
•
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
– Tensor fasciae latae
Muscles of the Anterior Compartment of the
Thigh
SARTORIUS
Flexes Thigh, & Rotates Thigh
Laterally
O:
I:
Anterior Superior IliacSpine
Medial Side of Tibia
VASTUS LATERALIS
Extends Lower Leg
RECTUS FEMORIS
Flexes Thigh, Extends Lower Leg
O: Ilium
I: Patella & Tibial Tuberosity
VASTUS MEDIALIS
Extends Lower Leg
Muscles of the Posterior Compartment of
the Thigh
•
•
•
•
Hamstrings
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Figure 11.21a
Muscles of the medial compartment
– Adductor longus
– Adductor brevis
– Adductor magnus
– Pectineus
– Gracilis
ADDUCTOR LONGUS
Adduct, Rotate & Flex Thigh Laterally
Anterior and Medial Muscles
This is formed by
the inguinal
ligament, the
sartorius
laterally and the
adductor longus
on the medial
side.
MUSCLES of the LEG
Muscles of the Anterior Compartment
•
•
•
•
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis (peroneus) tertius
Extensor hallucis longus
Figure 11.22a
Muscles of the Posterior Compartment
• Superficial muscles
– Triceps surae
• Gastrocnemius
• Soleus
– Plantaris
Muscles of the Posterior Compartment
• Deep muscles
– Popliteus
– Flexor digitorum longus
– Flexor hallucis longus
– Tibialis posterior
Muscles of the Lateral Compartment
• Fibularis (peroneus)
longus
• Fibularis (peroneus)
brevis
• Fibularis tertius
Figure 11.23a
Muscles of the Lateral Compartment
Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot
• Muscle on the dorsum
of the foot
– Extensor digitorum
brevis
• Muscles on the sole of
the foot
– First layer
• Flexor digitorum brevis
• Abductor hallucis
• Abductor digiti minimi
Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot
• Second layer
– Flexor accessorius
– Lumbricals
Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot
• Third layer
– Flexor hallucis brevis
– Adductor hallucis
– Flexor digiti minimi brevis
• Fourth layer
– Plantar and dorsal
interossei
Arteries
Branches of the Ascending Aorta
• Coronary arteries
– Supply the heart’s cardiac muscle with oxygen
and nutrients
– Aortic Arch
1. Brachiocephalic Trunk
1. Right Common Carotid Artery
2. Right Subclavian Artery
2. Left Common Carotid
1. Brain
2. Neck and head
3. Left Subclavian
Branches of the Aortic Arch
Right common carotid artery
• First branch
– Brachiocephalic
trunk
– Right common
carotid and right
subclavian
• Second branch
– Left common
carotid
• Third branch
– Left subclavian
Vertebral artery
Right subclavian artery
Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common
carotid artery
Left subclavian
artery
Aortic arch
Descending
thoracic aorta
Blood Vessels entering or leaving the heart
Left common carotid artery
Brachiocephalic
trunk
Ascending aorta
(gives off
coronary
arteries)
Left subclavian artery
Aortic arch
Thoracic (descending) aorta
Abdominal aort
Common iliac
arteries
The Carotid Arteries and Brain Blood
Supply
• External carotid artery
neck, pharynx, esophagus, larynx, mandible, & face
• Internal carotid artery
brain
(IC branches):
– Ophthalmic artery -eyes;
– anterior cerebral artery -frontal/parietal;
– middle cerebral -midbrain, lat.cerebrum
• Vertebral> basilar>posterior cerebral>posterior
communicating arteries>middle cerebral> anterior
communicating>anterior cerebral
External carotid artery
Vertebral artery
Subclavian artery
Brachiocephalic trunk
• Thyrocervical trunk-neck, shoulder & upper
back
• Internal thoracic -pericardium/ant.thoracic
wall
– Vertebral artery -brain/spinal cord
• Axillary artery -pectoral region/axilla
–
–
–
–
Brachial artery -upper limb
Radial/ulnar arteries -antebrachium
Superficial/deep palmar arch -palm
Digital artery -thumb/fingers
Subclavian artery
Vertebral artery
Axillary artery
Brachial artery
Radial artery
Ulnar artery
Subclavian artery
Vertebral artery
Axillary artery
• Left and Right Subclavian
Arteries
Brachial artery
– Subclavian becomes
Axillary
Radial artery
Ulnar artery
• Axillary Artery
– Axillary becomes
Brachial
Subclavian artery
Vertebral artery
Axillary artery
Brachial Artery •
Brachial artery
Radial Artery –
Ulnar Artery –
Radial artery
Ulnar artery
Branches of the Descending Aorta:
Arteries of the Abdominal Aorta
Celiac trunk
Right renal artery
Descending abdominal
aorta
Inferior mesenteric artery
Left renal artery
Superior mesenteric artery
Common iliac artery
Left internal iliac artery
Left external iliac artery
Left femoral artery
• Three major branches (in order from superior to inferior along
abdominal aorta)
– Celiac trunk
– Superior mesenteric artery
– Inferior mesenteric artery
The Descending Aorta
Thoracic Aorta & Branches
• Visceral branches -Bronchial,
pericardial, mediastinal,
esophageal arteries.
• Parietal branches Intercostal,superior phrenic.
The Descending Aorta
Abdominal Aorta & Branches
Unpaired arteries :
 Celiac trunk
liver, stomach, spleen; Branches:
 left gastric
 Splenic
 common hepatic arteries.
 Superior mesenteric
pancreas, small intestine, most
of large intestine.
 Inferior mesenteric
terminal colon & rectum
Abdominal Aorta & Branches (cont’d)
Paired arteries:
Inferior phrenic 
Suprarenal 
Renal 
Gonadal 
Lumbar 
Arteries of the Pelvis & Lower Limbs
• Right/Left Common Iliacs
– Internal Iliac -urinary bladder, int.,ext. walls of
pelvis, genitalia
– External Iliac -lower limbs
Blood supply of the pelvis
a) The internal iliac (hypogastric) artery :
•
•
•
Arises from the common iliac artery opposite the sacroiliac joint
Descends under cover of peritoneum into the true pelvis for about 4cm before
dividing into anterior and posterior divisions
The posterior division:
–
–
–
–
•
Has three parietal branches:
Iliolumbar
lateral sacral
superior gluteal
The anterior division has three parietal branches
– obturator artery
– inferior gluteal artery
– internal pudendal artery) which supply the pariets of the anterolateral quadrant of the
pelvic wall, the buttock and perineum
– It has four visceral branches which are:
1) Umbilical artery
3) Vaginal artery
2) Uterine artery
4) Middle rectal artery
View of iliac and femoral arteries
Arteries of Thigh & Leg
• Femoral
– Deep femoral
– Popliteal
• Post. Tibial
– Peroneal
• Ant. tibial
Major Systemic Arteries
• Ant. Tibial Artery
– Dorsalis pedis
• Posterior Tibial Artery
– Fibular (peroneal)
Artery
• Medial, Lateral plantar
Systemic Veins
Brachium venous
return•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Digital veins
Superficial/deep palmar
Palmar venous arches
Cephalic
Median antebrachial
Basilic
Median cubital (cephalic,
basilic)
• Axillary (basilic, brachial)
Systemic Veins
SVC formation
• Subclavians
• Brachiocephalics(vert
ebrals,ext/int
jugulars)
• Azygos(hemiazygos)chief blood collectors
of thorax
Systemic Veins
Tributaries of the IVC
Pelvic limb venous drainage
• Plantar/dorsal venous
arch
• Anterior/ posterior tibial
• Peroneal
• Popliteal
• Femoral
• Great/small saphenous
• External iliac
Hepatic Portal System
Tributaries
• Inferior mesenteric
• Splenic
• Superior Mesenteric
* Hepatic portal vein formed by fusion of superior
mesenteric and splenic
Vascular system within the liver
Systemic Venous System
Venous System of the Trunk and Upper Limb