POETRY: TONE & FORM
ENC 1102
Alling
All slides contain info. from Roberts & Zweig’s
Literature: An Introduction to Reading & Writing
“ TO N E : T H E C R EAT I O N O F
AT T I T U D E I N P O E T RY ”
&
“ FO R M : T H E S H A P E O F P O E M S”
How does a poet create tone?
DICTION—
DENOTATION & CONNOTATION
How does a poet create tone?
PARTICIPANTS &
SITUATIONS
How does a poet create tone?
SERIOUSNESS
OR
HUMOR
How does a poet create tone?
IRONY
(MAKING A POINT BY
EMPHASIZING A DISCREPANCY
OR OPPOSITE)
How does a poet create tone?
METAPHORS & SIMILES
How does a poet create tone?
UNDERSTATEMENT,
OVERSTATEMENT
(HYPERBOLE), &
OTHER FIGURES OF SPEECH
How does a poet create tone?
SPEAKER —SELF-AWARENESS,
BACKGROUND,
RELATIONSHIP TO
LISTENERS/READERS
How does a poet create tone?
FORM—LENGTH, REPETITION,
STANZA CHOICES, ETC.
How does a poet create tone?
LEVEL OF FORMALITY —
GRACEFUL WORDS, SLANG,
RHYMES, ETC.
How does a poet create tone?
BY USING ALL DEVICES TO
CREATE A CONSISTENT
INTENTION
If poet controls his/her tone:
M AY G A I N R EA D E R ’ S AG R E E M E N T,
AT L EA ST FO R A T I M E ;
M AY ST I M U L AT E , E N R I C H , &
I N S P I R E R EA D E RS
What is poetic form?
SHAPE, STRUCTURE, PAT TERN,
OR LACK THEREOF
Two major forms of poetry
CLOSED-FORM
OPEN-FORM
What is closed-form poetry?
C L EA R LY - R ECO G N I Z A B L E S H A P E ,
ST R U C T U R ES , O R PAT T E R N S ;
U S ES T R A D I T I O N A L CO N V E N T I O N S
& R EST R I C T I O N S
Some types of closed-form poems
SONNET
LY R I C
ODE
E L EGY
BA L L A D
HYMNAL
H A I KU
VILLANELLE
TRIOLET
What is open-form poetry?
FREE FROM RESTRICTIONS OF CLOSED
FORM, SUCH AS METER OR RHYME
What is open-form poetry?
EMBRACES SPOKEN RHYTHMS;
TO P I C I T S E L F S H A P E S # O F L I N E S , L I N E
LENGTHS, PHYSICAL APPEARANCE ON
PA G E
( E . G . V A R Y I N G L I N E L E N G T H S W / I M P O R TA N C E
O F I D E A S , C R E AT I N G PA U S E S , R E LY I N G O N
PROGRESSION OF IMAGES, ETC.)
Some types of open-form poems
FREE VERSE
( N E W, O R I G I N A L W AY S T O
ARRANGE WORDS & LINES)
VISUAL POETRY
PROSE POEMS
Recognizing Tone & Form
YOU READ & ANALYZE
EXAMPLE POEMS