BABAR Physics Results and
Future Plans
David B. MacFarlane
SLUO Annual Meeting
September 26, 2005
USA
[38/311]
INFN,
INFN,
INFN,
INFN,
The BABAR
Collaboration
California Institute of Technology
UC, Irvine
UC, Los Angeles
UC, Riverside
UC, San Diego
UC, Santa Barbara
UC, Santa Cruz
U of Cincinnati
U of Colorado
Stanford U
Colorado State
U of Tennessee
Harvard U
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LBNL
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LLNL
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[4/24]
U of Massachusetts, Amherst Canada
MIT
U of British Columbia
U of Mississippi
McGill U
Mount Holyoke College
U de Montréal
SUNY, Albany
U of Victoria
U of Notre Dame
Ohio State U
China
[1/5]
U of Oregon
Inst. of High Energy Physics, Beijing
U of Pennsylvania
Prairie View A&M U
France
[5/53]
Princeton U
LAPP, Annecy
SLAC
LAL Orsay
U of South Carolina
11 Countries
80 Institutions
623 Physicists
Sep 26, 2005
The Netherlands [1/4]
NIKHEF, Amsterdam
Norway
[5/24]
Ruhr U Bochum
U Dortmund
Technische U Dresden
U Heidelberg
U Rostock
Italy
[1/3]
U of Bergen
LPNHE des Universités Paris
VI et VII
Ecole Polytechnique, Laboratoire
Leprince-Ringuet
CEA, DAPNIA, CE-Saclay
Germany
Perugia & Univ
Roma & Univ "La Sapienza"
Torino & Univ
Trieste & Univ
[12/99]
INFN, Bari
INFN, Ferrara
Lab. Nazionali di Frascati dell' INFN
INFN, Genova & Univ
INFN, Milano & Univ
INFN, Napoli & Univ
INFN, Padova & Univ
INFN, Pisa & Univ & Scuola
Normale Superiore
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
Russia
[1/13]
Spain
[2/3]
Budker Institute, Novosibirsk
IFAE-Barcelona
IFIC-Valencia
United Kingdom
[11/75]
U of Birmingham
U of Bristol
Brunel U
U of Edinburgh
U of Liverpool
Imperial College
Queen Mary , U of London
U of London, Royal Holloway
U of Manchester
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
U of Warwick
2
BABAR Detector
EMC
6580 CsI(Tl) crystals
1.5T
solenoid
e+ (3.1GeV)
DIRC (PID)
144 quartz
bars
11000 PMs
Drift Chamber
40 layers
e- (9GeV)
Instrumented Flux Return
iron / RPCs or LSTs (muon
/ neutral hadrons)
Sep 26, 2005
Silicon Vertex Tracker
5 layers, double sided
strips
Collaboration founded in 1993
Detector commissioned in 1999
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
3
Integrated data sample to date
New milestone
at 300 fb-1 delivered
Sep 26, 2005
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
4
PEP-II Monthly Delivery
Run 4
Run 5
Safety
stand-down
Sep 26, 2005
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
5
PEP-II Daily Average Delivery
Run 4
Run 5
Safety
stand-down
Sep 26, 2005
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
6
Performance: Run 4
Actual
Prediction July 2003
Sep 26, 2005
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
7
Performance: Run 5
Sched down
2%
Prediction Apr 2005
Unsched
down
21%
BABAR
Running
56%
Tuning
18%
PEP MD
3%
Power
outage
Sep 26, 2005
BPM loss
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
Actual
8
Projected data sample
 Goal is 1.2x1034 by
next spring
Delivered Luminosity Comparison
o
1400
1200
1000
800
Belle
BABAR
600
400
200
Jun-08
Feb-08
Oct-07
Jun-07
Feb-07
Oct-06
Jun-06
Feb-06
Oct-05
Jun-05
Feb-05
Oct-04
0
Sep 26, 2005
 4 month down in
2006 for IR
vacuum, rf, and
feedback system
work
o
LST
installation
3300 mA LER on
1700 mA HER
Goal is to improve
peak luminosity to
2x1034 by 2008
2006: Double data
to 450 fb-1
2008: Double again
to 1000 fb-1
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
9
Pillars of BABAR physics program
 Highly constrained and redundant set of precision
tests of weak interactions in the Standard Model
o Full program of flavor physics/CP violation measurements
will provide a legacy of fundamental constraints on future
New Physics discoveries
 Searches for physics beyond the Standard Model in
a well understood & characterized environment
o Sensitivity to New Physics at LHC mass scales through
rare decays and CP violation
o Discovery potential from large data sample across a whole
range of beauty, charm, tau, two-photon, ISR physics
Challenging measurements at the edge of sensitivity benefit
enormously from operation of both PEP-II & KEK B Factories
Sep 26, 2005
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
10
Weak Interaction in Standard Model
Unitarity Triangle as a summary
of Standard Model b physics
Unitarity: VudVub* +VcdVcb* +VtdVtb*  0

(b  u  )
Sep 26, 2005
Vus
Vcs
Vts
Vub 
Vcb 
Vtb 
+ phases
Apex at
( ,  
  2
Radiative penguin decays
CP violation
  3
(0, 0
Vud
V  Vcd
V
 td
B 0 - B 0 mixing
  1
 B and ( b  c  )
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
(1, 0 
11
CP violation in B decays

CPV through interference
of decay amplitudes
B f
+wk
A2
A1
Sep 26, 2005
B
A1
f
A2e
-wk
 st
B f
(B  f )  A1 + A2e
(B  f )  A1 + A2e
i wk
i wk
e i st
e
-i wk
i  st 2
e
i  st 2
(B  f )  (B  f )
for wk  0 and  st  0
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
12
CPV in charmonium modes

( , 
  2
(b  u  )
  3
(0, 0
B 0 -B 0
mixing
  1
 B and ( b  c  )
CPV in B 0  J / KS0
(1, 0 
W-
B0
Interference of b  c tree
decay with mixing
s
K
d
d
b
B0
Sep 26, 2005
c
J /
c
b
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
d
W
t
t
0
d
W
b
B0
13
Sep 26, 2005
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
14
B 0  J / KS0
KS0
J /
Sep 26, 2005
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
15
Flavor tag:
b  ce  e
Recoil B
Sep 26, 2005
+ vertex separation
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
16
= time difference
sin2 results from charmonium modes
(cc )KS0 (CP odd) modes
(cc )KL0 (CP even) modes
BABAR
Update for ICHEP04
BABAR
Belle update for LP05
BABAR PUB-04/038
sin2  +0.722  0.040  0.023 (cc )KS + S (J / K 0 )  0.652  0.039  0.020
  A / A  0.950  0.031  0.013 (cc )K L0
J / KS0 +J / K L0 only
0
205fb -1 on peak or 227M BB pairs
7730 CP events (tagged signal)
Sep 26, 2005
386M BB pairs
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
17
BABAR & Belle physics results
Journal Papers
BABAR
Belle
<2003
32
54
2003
39
28
2004
52
35
Sept 2005
51
32
174
149
BABAR
Belle
Papers submitted to
ICHEP04
72
63
Abstracts submitted
to LP05
75
73
Total
Conference
Contributions
Sep 26, 2005
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
18
Observation of Y(4260)J/+- in ISR
(2S)
LP05
232 fb-1
hep-ex/0506081
o Signal 123±23 events; >8σ statistical significance
o Mass (4258±8) MeV; just above DSDS threshold
Joins growing list of
o Total width (88±23) MeV
not understood
0.8
heavy mass states
(Y  e +e - )  B (Y  J   + - )  (5.5  1.0-+0.7
)eV
Sep 26, 2005
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
19
CPV in charmless modes

( , 
  2
(b  u  )
  3
(0, 0
3rd component:
sizable Penguin
diagram
CPV in B 0 
 ,  , ,
  1
 B and ( b  c  )
B 0 -B 0
mixing
d
u
u ,c ,t g
B0
u
W
d
u
b
B d
d
b
d
0
B0
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
d
W
t
t
-
u +
d
d
(1, 0 
Interference of suppressed
b  u tree decay with mixing
Sep 26, 2005
W
b
W
b
-
+
B0
20
New approach from BABAR: B  +Extraction of  similar to , but with
advantage of smaller Penguin pollution:
BABAR PUB-05/007
| A 00 | | A 00 |
, +- found small:  peng small
+0
|A | |A |
Moriond EW05
BABAR
BABAR PUB-04/048
 - eff  110 ( 90%CL 
Potentially  +  - could be mixed CP ,
but is found to be almost pure CP  +1
B 0   +  - (232M BB pairs)
Signal: 617  52 events
+0.021
flong  0.978  0.014
-0.029
+0.08
Slong  -0.33  0.24
-0.14
Clong  -0.03  0.18  0.09
Sep 26, 2005
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
21
Summary of constraints on 
BABAR only
Mirror
solutions
disfavored
From combined
 ,  ,  results:
+10
  103 -9 


o
CKM indirect constraint
o
+
13

fit:   98
 -19 
Object lesson: with data
in hand, clever analysis
ideas will emerge
Sep 26, 2005
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
22
Unexpectedly good progress on gamma!

( , 
  2
(b  u  )
  3
(0, 0
  1
 B and ( b  c  )
B 0 -B 0
mixing
u
(1, 0 
 : CPV in B 0  DCP K , DDCS K ,
Interference of color-allowed and
color-suppressed tree decays
Sep 26, 2005
Effect depends on
ratio of two diagrams
b
W
B u
-
W-
B u
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
s
c
u
b
-
-
K (*) -
D (*)0
u (*)0
cD
s (*) K
u
23
Dalitz plot analysis for gamma
Idea: Increase B decay interference through D decay Dalitz plot
From combined
analysis:
o
+23

  51 -18


Sep 26, 2005
B +  D (*)0  KS0 + -  K +
Indirect constraint:
o
+7 

  57 -13


Object lesson: with data
in hand, clever analysis
ideas will emerge
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
24
UT from sin2 & indirect constraints
Paradigm change!
Sep 26, 2005
Now: looking for
New Physics as
correction to CKM
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
25
UT from CP violation measurements alone
New B Factory milestone:
Comparable UT precision
from CPV alone
Sep 26, 2005
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
26
CPV in Penguin Modes

( , 
  2
(b  u  )
  3
(0, 0
B 0 -B 0
mixing
  1
 B and ( b  c  )
CPV in B 0  KS0 ,  KS0 ,
(1, 0 
s
s
W
b
u ,c ,t g
B0
s K
d
d
Interference of suppressed
b  s Penguin decay with mixing
Sep 26, 2005
b
B0
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
d
W
t
t

0
d
W
b
B0
27
Potential New Physics contributions
B 0  K 0
W+
New physics in loops?
u , c ,t
b
B
d
0g
s
s

s
d
K
0
S
b
B
d
Sep 26, 2005
s
d

KS0
SUSY contribution with
new phases
B 0   K 0
B0
s
0
“Internal Penguin”
s


b
K
0
S
B
s
s
0
d
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
s
d

KS0
28
CPV in charmonium & s-penguin modes
Charmonium
s-Penguins
Good consistency
between B Factory
experiments
Winter 05 results
3.7s between CP
violation in s-penguin
vs sin2 (cc)
No sign of Direct CP
Sep 26, 2005
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
29
How good are Standard Model predictions?
Present SM
uncertainty
Beneke, CKM05
Sep 26, 2005
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
30
New three-body mode: B  KSKSKS
88±10 signal events
BABAR PUB-04/052
Beam
y
constraint
Aspen05
+0.38
 0.04
-0.32
+0.28
 -0.34
 0.05
-0.25
-CP  S3KS  +0.71
C 3KS
Sep 26, 2005
B0
e-
 ( 4S  B
x
K S0
0
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
Btag
+
e + KS0
31
After summer 2005 updates
Charmonium
s-Penguins
BABAR : 237 million BB pairs
Belle: 386 million BB pairs
Summer 05 results
2.4s between CP
violation in s-penguin
vs sin2 (cc)
No sign of Direct CP
About 0.5s loss from shift
in charmonium average
Sep 26, 2005
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
32
Snapshot: Summer 2008
0.40
f0 KS
KS0
 KS
’KS
KKKS
0.30
0.25
0.20
(S )  0.30
Luminosity
expectations
:
2004=240 fb-1
2006=450 fb-1
2008=1 ab-1
K*
0.15
0.10
Jul-09
Golden modes
reach 5
sigma level
Jan-09
Jul-08
Jan-08
Jul-07
Jan-07
Jul-06
Jan-06
Jul-05
Jan-05
Jan-04
Jul-03
0.00
5s discovery region if non-SM
physics is 0.30 effect
2004
2008
Jul-04
0.05
Jan-03
Error on sine amplitude
0.35
Projections are statistical errors only;
but systematic errors at few percent level
Sep 26, 2005
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
33
Global CKM fit: 2008
s (Vub )  6.5%
Sep 26, 2005
s (ms )  5%
95% contours
s (sin 2  )  0.019 s ( )  6o s ( )  10o
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
34
UT constraints in 2008
now
68% contours
2008
s (Vub )  8%
s (Vub )  6.5%
Assumption: no NP in trees [almost any NP model]
Significant constraint on all New Physics models in LHC era
Sep 26, 2005
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
35
Bounds on new physics
Introduce new physics
in mixing diagram
( MBd   CBd ( MBd
now

SM
ACP (J / KS0   sin 2 (  + Bd
If translated in
terms of probed
new physics
mass scale

2008
L(now) ~ 5 TeV
L(2008) ~ 10TeV
Model independent
Sep 26, 2005
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
36
Summary: Physics plans for BABAR
 Goal for 2005-2006: double current data set
o
o
Delay in Run 5 can be overcome by summer 2006 with extended
running period, with substantial reduction in errors on CP
violation asymmetries in rare decay modes
Error on average of Penguin modes should reach 0.06
 Goal for 2007-2008: double again to ~1 ab-1
o
o
Individual Penguin modes with errors in range 0.06-0.12
Suite of fundamental Standard Model measurements with
substantially improved levels of precision
o Sensitivity to New Physics through rare decays, CP violation, &
large data sample with a significant discovery potential
o Full program of flavor physics/CP violation measurements provide
fundamental constraints on future New Physics discoveries
 Beyond 2008 might offer exciting opportunities if
New Physics has been seen by B Factories & LHC
Sep 26, 2005
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
37
Backup
DCH electronics upgrade
 Motivation:
o
Reduce deadtime due to
serialization and shipping of data
from DIOM to ROM
 Upgrade in two steps:
o
o
Phase 1 (summer 2004)
• Ship only 1/2 waveform
information (3216 bytes)
from frontends
• No change observed with data
Phase 2 (Oct 2005)
• Larger FPGA for feature
extraction before transmission
 hardware change
• New boards in production
Sep 26, 2005
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
39
IFR upgrade with LSTs
Bottom & top sextants installed summer 2004
Remaining sextants wait until summer 2006
Sep 26, 2005
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
40
LSTs are fully operational
Old RPC
sextants
Efficiency curves
from Run 5 data
Sep 26, 2005
New LST sextants
BABAR Physics Results and Future Plans
41