Name: _______________________
Nutrition
Date: _________________________
1. True or False? Misconceptions
T or F
Eating fat is a bad thing
Vitamin supplements are always required
Vegetarians do not get proper nutrition
Iron is only found in meats
Canada’s Food Guide to Healthy Eating can be used by everyone
The only side effect of eating disorders is that they make you thin
Exercise increases the need for protein
2. “Bad” (_________________) fats are usually solid at room temperature (e.g., butter and lard), while
“good” fats (____________________) are liquid at room temperature (oils).
3. The recommended percentage of total calories coming from each macronutrient
•
carbohydrates: _________%; fats: __________; proteins: _____________%)
4. Runners often have a small snack before competing in a race. Based on your knowledge of
macronutrients, suggest and appropriate snack for runners before a race.
5. Your uncle is a heart patient and asks you to help him decide between two different salad dressings. The
label on one reads that it has completely hydrogenated fat and the label on the other dressing reads that it
has partially hydrogenated fat. Hydrogenation refers to the number of single bonds between the carbon
atoms. Which dressing would you recommend?
6. What is the advantage of including bran in a balanced diet?
7. Suggest reasons why the caloric intake suggested for a construction worker is different from that of an
office worker.
8. Explain why an individual has higher caloric needs during the teenage years.
The Digestive System
9. True or False? Misconceptions
T or F
Gravity is necessary for peristalsis to occur
All food and medication is absorbed in the small intestine
The stomach stays a fixed size
The digestive system is not a part of the outside world.
Stress causes ulcers
The words “small” and “large” when referring to the intestines, refer to the diameter
The digestive system is the only body system that deals with waste elimination
All bacteria within the digestive tract are harmful
10.Label the following and include the function.
11.Distinguishing Between Mechanical and Chemical Digestion
________________ digestion is the grinding, crushing, and chewing of food. It is a
_________________change.
_______________ digestion is the ______________________ changing of food by the action of
enzymes.
Digestion and pH
12.The pH of the stomach is approximately ____, while that of the saliva is about
______and the duodenum has a pH of about _______.
13.What am I?
I am the first part of the digestive tract (about 10") and share its distinctive structure.
I am C shaped and positioned on the left side of the abdominal cavity (because liver is
on right).
I am the first part of the small intestine.
I contain the jejunum (8 feet) and ileum (12 feet)
I have no villi, but many goblet cells secreting lubricative mucus.
Three pairs, parotid, submandibular, sublingual. Mumps begins as infective parotitis in
the parotid glands in the cheek.
Endocrine part produces insulin, blood sugar regulator
Makes bile
14.You are a zoologist working at a zoo. You are studying the ingestion patterns of various
animals. Examine the two animal skulls below, and create a T-chart that summarizes
whether the animals are herbivores or carnivores. Suggest types of foods that zookeepers
could feed these animals.
Accessory Organs in Digestion and Their Associated Enzymes
15. Complete the following table using your knowledge of digestive organs, enzymes and nutrients.
Organ
Enzyme or secretion
present
Nutrient acted upon (if
applicable)
Resulting products (if
applicable)
Pepsin
Bile
Fats
Starch
HCL
N/A- provides the
proper pH for pepsin
N/A
Lipase
Pancreas
Dipeptides
16. True or False? Misconceptions
T or F
Lactose intolerance is not a common problem
It is not possible to function well without a gallbladder
Digestion begins in the stomach
Enzymes are only involved in the digestive process; enzymes are only found in mammals, and not in plants
Enzymes and their substrates actually possess a Lego-like form “lock and key”
17. What is an enzyme?
18. What am I?
What am I?
Maintaining blood sugar (negative feedback)
production of bile
19. Label the following diagram to show the relationship between blood-sugar level, hormones, the
pancreas, and the liver.
20. Identify the following labels.
21. What is the role of the liver in digestion?
22. What is the role of the gall bladder?
DIGESTION IN VARIOUS ORGANISMS
YOU WILL NEED MORE SPACE TO ANSWER SOME OF THESE QUESTIONS!
23. How does the single-celled amoeba ingest its food?
24. Which structures in the earthworm’s alimentary canal are similar to those in humans? Which are
different? A Venn diagram may be useful to compare these two organisms.
25. What is the purpose of a cow “chewing the cud”?
26. Why do you think that organisms, such as earthworms and birds, might find a storage device like the
crop useful?
27. Study the food web that includes these animals and predict how the web would be affected if some of
these organisms did not have the ability to gather food and store it in their crop for later use.
Wolf
Bird
Snake
Frog
Worm
Insect
Grass
28. Compare mechanical and chemical digestion in the earthworm, the bird and the cow. Include the role of
muscle contraction in each species’ digestion.
29. Use the table to show the various organs and components of the digestive tract. Identify the structures
common to all of the organisms discussed in this section. Why is each vital to the proper functioning of
the digestive system.
HUMAN
Mouth
Esophagus
Crop
Gizzard
Stomach
Small Intestine
Pancreas
Liver
Gall Bladder
Large Intestine
Anus
Amoeba
Sponge
Earthworm
Bird
Cow
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Label the parts of the digestive system
Distinguish between Mechanical and Chemical Digestion
Complete the following questions and Venn Diagram based on the chapter information of mechanical and
chemical digestion.
1) Digestion
i) In your own words, describe mechanical digestion
ii) In your own words, describe chemical digestion
2) In the digestive system, some organs are involved in either mechanical digestion, chemical digestion or
both. Complete the following Venn diagram, placing the digestive organs you have learned about into the
appropriate space.
3) Complete the following chart concerning the structure and function of the Digestive Organs.
No
Structure
Function
.
1
Salivary glands
2
Detoxifies the blood
3
Stores faeces before evacuation
4
Has a pH of 2.0
5
Makes insulin and completes protein digestion
6
Actual site of the elimination of faeces.
7
Small intestine
8
Gallbladder
9
Involved in the biting, tearing and crushing of
food
10
Protein digestion first begins here.
Answers for digestion in various animals….
23. A single-celled amoeba engulfs food by creating “pseudopods” or false feet, in a process called
phagocytosis. This requires energy.
24. Like humans, earthworms have a mouth, an esophagus, an intestine, and an anus.
25. Cows chew the cud because they mainly eat grasses. Cellulose is a complex molecule that humans are
unable to digest. Cud chewing allows cows and other ruminants to break down this complex molecule.
26. A crop is useful to store food for long journeys.
27. a) These organisms are low on the food chain. They are often easily preyed upon. Being able to store
food allows them to feed and fly to a safer destination to continue digestion.
b) Since a food web is a complex interrelationship of various animals, if one animal becomes endangered,
the whole web would directly or indirectly be affected.
28
Earthworm
Bird
Cow
Mechanical Digestion
Small gravel bits help to grind and crush the
food in the gizzard.
The muscular pharynx acts to pump food into
the mouth; food passes through the crop for
storage and then to the gizzard, where muscles
assist the crushing process.
Beak helps to grind and take the coat of seeds.
Small gravel bits help to grind and crush the
food in the gizzard.
The rhythmic contractions of the muscles of the
gizzard vary among species but increase the
digestibility of whole grain and seeds.
Teeth are used for mechanical digestion.
The muscles of the first two chambers of the
stomach knead the vegetable matter to a pulp;
after regurgitation, the food passes to the third
chamber of the stomach, where muscle activity
continues for mechanical digestion.
Chemical Digestion
Food is subjected to enzymes and
absorbed into the worm’s blood in the
intestine.
Some chemical digestion occurs in the
stomach.
Chemical digestion also occurs in the
intestine, just prior to absorption.
The liver and accessory organs also
help in chemical digestion.
Enzymes in the mouth, stomach, liver,
and pancreas, and accessory organs all
have a roll in chemical digestion.
29
Mouth
Esophagus
Crop
Gizzard
Stomach
Small Intestine
Pancreas
Liver
Gall Bladder
Large Intestine
Anus
Human
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Amoeba
Jellyfish
Y
Earthworm
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Bird
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Cow
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y