Do Now
In a presidential system of government, how
is a president chosen?
A. By a decision of the national courts
B. By a majority vote of the legislature
C. In a separate vote from the one that chooses
the legislature
D. By the political party with the most
representatives in the legislature
Governments of SE Asia
GPS and E.Q.
• SS7CG6a. Describe the ways government
systems distribute power: unitary,
confederation, and federal.
• How do government systems distribute
power?
Vocabulary
• Unitary: central government has all the power
• Monarchy: rule by a king/queen or emperor
• Constitutional Monarchy: king/queen/emperor’s
power is limited by a set of laws in the constitution
• Communist government: the government controls
everything
• Dictatorship: 1 person takes power, usually by
force, and controls everything
Vocabulary
•
•
•
•
•
Autocracy: rule by 1
Oligarchy: rule by the few
Democracy: rule by the people
Legislature: law making group
Bicameral: 2 houses (the legislature is
divided into 2 groups)
• Parliamentary: people vote for members of
this legislature; largest political group’s
leader becomes the prime minister
Unitary
• The central government holds all or nearly all
of the power.
• Local governments such as state or county
systems may hold some power at certain times.
– But they are basically under the control of the central
government.
• The central government has the power to
change local governments or abolish (get rid of)
them.
Unitary: Examples
• A monarchy (rule by king, queen, or emperor) is
an example of a unitary government.
• A communist government or dictatorship is an
example of a unitary government.
• SE Asia Countries:
– Communist: The People’s Republic of China (China)
– Communist: The Socialist Republic of Vietnam
– Communist state 1 man dictatorship: Democratic
People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK or North Korea)
– Parliamentary government with a constitutional
monarchy: Japan
Japan
• Constitutional monarchy: powers of the ruler are
limited by the constitution or laws of the nation
• Emperor of Japan is head of state – symbolic
(no real political power)
• Power is held by the bicameral legislature,
called the Diet, elected by the Japanese people
Confederation
• Local governments hold all the power –
central government depends on local
governments for its existence.
– Examples:
• United Nations – can only offer advice/assistance
when the members agree
• Association of Southeast Asian Nations or ASEAN
– member countries cooperate on economic
matters, cultural exchanges, and help keep peace
in the area.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xV_ptCcHEz0
Federal
• Power is shared or divided among different
levels of government. Local governments have
some powers that central government does not
have, and vice-versa.
• Example: India – has a bicameral parliamentary
legislature called The Indian National Congress.
– Its majority political party chooses the prime minister.
– Local villages have some power.
CRCT Test Prep pages 156-157
1. In a unitary government system, most of
the power is in the hands of the
A. individual voters
B. local governments
C. central government
D. central and local governments
C. Central government
CRCT Test Prep pages 156-157
2. In a confederation government system,
most of the power is in the hands of the
A. individual voters
B. local governments
C. central government
D. central and local governments
B. Local governments
CRCT Test Prep pages 156-157
3. Which organization could be considered an
example of a confederation form of government?
A. the Diet of Japan
B. the Indian National Congress
C. the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
D. the Assembly of the People’s Republic of
China
C. the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
CRCT Test Prep pages 156-157
4. How is government power handled in a federal form of
government?
A. the king makes most of the important decisions.
B. Power is shared among different levels of
government.
C. A central committee makes all of the political
decisions.
D. The local government has more power than the
national government.
B. Power is shared among different levels of government.
Citizen Participation
GPS and E.Q.
• SS7CG6b. Explain how governments
determine citizen participation: autocratic,
oligarchic, and democratic.
• E.Q.: How do governments determine
citizen participation?
Autocracy
• The ruler has absolute power to do whatever
he/she wants and enforce any laws he/she
chooses.
• Citizens have NO rights to choose leaders or
vote (they might vote, but there are no choices).
• Some autocratic leaders may allow citizens
rights in certain areas, but the leader maintains
control over all important areas.
Autocracy: Example
• North Korea – Kim Jong Un is the chief of
state. He rules DPRK as an autocratic
dictator.
Oligarchy
• A political party or other small group takes
over a government and makes all the
major decisions.
• Citizens have NO rights to choose leaders
or vote (they might vote, but there are no
choices).
• Similar to autocracy in leadership style
and lack of citizen rights
Oligarchy: Example
• The People’s
Republic of China is
called an oligarchy,
because the leaders
and powerful families
in China control much
of what goes on in the
country.
Democracy
• Citizens play a role in deciding who the
rulers are and what decisions are made.
• Decisions are often made by majority vote,
but laws protect individuals’ rights.
• Citizens have the power to ask the
government for help if their rights are
violated.
Democracy: Examples
• India
• Japan
• South Korea
CRCT Test Prep pages156-158
5. Who makes most of the important
governmental decisions in an autocracy?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The ruler
The people
The court system
The elected legislature
A. The ruler
CRCT Test Prep pages156-158
6. Which Southern and Eastern Asian
country could be described as an
autocracy?
A.
B.
C.
D.
India
Japan
South Korea
North Korea
D. North Korea
CRCT Test Prep pages156-158
7. Who makes most of the important
governmental decisions in an oligarchy?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The king
The people
The legislature
Small group of powerful leaders
D. Small group of powerful leaders
CRCT Test Prep pages156-158
8. Which Southern or Eastern Asian country
could be described as an oligarchy?
A.
B.
C.
D.
India
Japan
China
South Korea
D. China
CRCT Test Prep pages156-158
9. Why do the individual voters have more power
in a democracy than they do in an autocracy or
an oligarchy?
A. Kings are always poor rulers.
B. The voters get to choose the people who make the
laws.
C. All of the power stays in the hands of the local
governments.
D. The voters in democratic countries always choose
qualified leaders.
B. The voters get to choose the people who make the
laws.
CRCT Test Prep pages156-158
10. Which Southeastern or Eastern Asian
countries have democratic systems of
government?
A.
B.
C.
D.
India and Japan
China and Vietnam
China and South Korea
North Korea and China
A. India and Japan
2 Types of Democracy
GPS and E.Q.
• GPS: SS7CG6c.: Describe the 2
predominant forms of democratic
governments: parliamentary and
presidential.
• E.Q.: How do parliamentary and
presidential democracies compare?
Parliamentary Democracy
• Citizens vote for representatives who share their
political views.
– The Parliament is made up of these representatives.
– Parliament makes and carries out (enforces) the laws
for the country.
• The country’s leader is usually chosen by the
political party with the most representatives in
the legislature.
• Citizens DO NOT elect the leader.
– The leader is often called a prime minister or premier
Parliamentary Democracy
• The prime minister is head of government
• He/she may be voted out of office by the
Parliament before the term is up if he/she
loses power.
• He/she may also dissolve Parliament.
• Examples:
– India
– Japan
Presidential Democracy
• Also called “Congressional Form of Government”
• Citizens vote for members of the legislature (congress)
AND for the leader, or president.
– Congress makes the laws.
– The President enforces the laws.
• The president is head of government and head of state
who serves for a certain term.
• Congress can’t remove the president (unless he breaks
a law). The president can’t remove congress.
• Example: South Korea
Differences
President
Prime Minister
• Is in a separate branch
(called “executive”) of
government from
legislature
• Enforces the laws
Congress makes
• Is part of legislature
(Parliament)
• Elected by citizens
• Selected by Parliament
• As part of Parliament, he
makes and enforces laws
CRCT Test Prep pages 159 -161
11. Which branch of government is responsible for
making and carrying out the laws in a
parliamentary system of government?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Courts
Monarch
President
Legislature
D. legislature
CRCT Test Prep pages 159 -161
12. The leader of a parliamentary system is
often called the
A.
B.
C.
D.
king
president
Prime minister
Constitutional monarch
C. Prime minister
CRCT Test Prep pages 159 -161
13. The leader of a parliamentary system is
chosen by
A.
B.
C.
D.
The monarch or king.
A popular vote of the people.
A decision by the national courts.
The political party with the most representatives in
the legislature.
D. The political party with the most representatives in
the legislature.
CRCT Test Prep pages 159 -161
14. Which branch of government makes the laws
in a presidential system of government?
A.
B.
C.
D.
president
legislature
National courts
Both the president and the legislature together
B. legislature
CRCT Test Prep pages 159 -161
15. In a presidential system of government, a
president is chosen
A. By a decision of the national courts.
B. By a majority vote of the legislature.
C. In a separate vote from the one that chooses the
legislature.
D. By the political party with the most representatives
in the legislature.
C. In a separate vote from the one that chooses the
legislature.
CRCT Test Prep pages 159 -161
16. What is the role of the president regarding the
laws passed by the legislature?
A. The president is supposed to enforce those laws.
B. The president can change the laws he doesn’t like.
C. The president sends the laws to the states for
approval.
D. The president does not need to approve laws
passed by the legislature.
A. The president is supposed to enforce those laws.
CRCT Test Prep pages 159 -161
17. What is one main difference between a
president and a prime minister?
A. A prime minister has more power than a president.
B. A president has to be elected, while a prime
minister does not.
C. A prime minister does not have to belong to a
particular political party, while a president always
does.
D. A president is in a separate branch of government
while a prime minister is part of the legislature.
D. A president is in a separate branch of government
while a prime minister is part of the legislature.
Draw the chart on CRCT Test Prep
page 161.
Use it to answer the next 2 questions.
18. What is the purpose of the chart?
A. to explain the role of the emperor in Japanese
government
B. to explain how power is divided in the
government of Japan
C. to show that the prime minister controls all parts
of government
D. to show that the three branches of government
are not equally powerful
B. to explain how power is divided in the government of
Japan
19. Which part of the government leads the
legislative branch?
A. the Diet
B. the courts
C. the cabinets
D. the emperor
A. the Diet