BSAA Curriculum
Unit B
Animal Science
Problem Area 2
Growth & Development of Animals
Nutrition of Chicks
Lesson 3
Chick Contest
Each of you write down on a piece of
paper how long you think it will take the
first chick to double its birth weight.
On the same sheet of paper estimate
the average consumption of feed
needed to produce one pound of gain.
The winner gets 5 bonus points.
Learning Objectives
Discuss the nutrient needs of poultry for
maintenance, growth, and reproduction.
Identify chief sources of energy for
poultry and symptoms of energy
deficient diets.
Explain the role of amino acids as
essential nutrients for growth and
development and describe symptoms of
amino acid deficiencies.
Learning Objectives (Cont.)
Define macrominerals and trace
minerals and list minerals which fit the
definitions.
Explain the function and importance of
vitamins in the diet and identify
symptoms of vitamin deficiencies in
chicks.
Terms
Anabolism
Basal Maintenance
Requirement
Catabolism
Fat Soluble
Growth
Macrominerals
Nutrients
Protein trace
Minerals
Vitamins
Water Soluble
What are the nutrient needs of
poultry for maintenance, growth,
and reproduction?
Nutrients are substances used by an
animal for growth and development of
its cells, organs, and tissues.
Nutrient maintenance requirements in
poultry are defined as the total nutrients
needed for body functioning without any
gain or loss in body weight and productive
activity.
What are the nutrient needs of
poultry for maintenance, growth,
and reproduction?
Basal Maintenance Requirement –
the minimum requirement level
Maintain body temperature
Keep body processes functional
Allow for minimal movement
Repair damaged cells or tissue
What are the nutrient needs of
poultry for maintenance, growth,
and reproduction?
• Maintenance requirements are influenced by:
Exercise
Weather
Stress
Health
Body size
Temperament
Level of
production
Individual
variation
What are the nutrient needs of
poultry for maintenance, growth,
and reproduction?
Nutritive needs for growth are
influenced by:
Age
Breed
Sex
Disease
Nutritive needs increase with breeding
stock
What are the nutrient needs of
poultry for maintenance, growth,
and reproduction?
Growth – an increase in size of bones,
muscles, internal organs, or other parts
of the body.
Adequate vitamins and minerals are
important for growth.
In poultry, vitamins and minerals are
needed for hatchability and embryo
development.
What are the chief sources of
energy for poultry?
Energy for poultry is derived in
feedstuffs in the form of carbohydrates,
fats, and proteins.
Starch
What are the chief sources of
energy for poultry?
Carbohydrates supply the majority of
energy for growth and development
because of their abundance and
cheaper cost.
Catabolism is the oxidation of nutrients
which releases energy for fulfilling the
body’s immediate demands.
What are the chief sources of
energy for poultry?
In order to provide a balanced
ration, a protein supplement is
commonly mixed in.
Usually soybean meal is added.
Corn is the primary feed for
poultry and serves as the
main energy source.
What are the symptoms of
energy deficient diets?
Slow or stunted growth
Loss of body tissue
Lowered production of meat or eggs
Decreased motility
What is the role of amino acids
as essential nutrients for growth
and development?
Proteins are organic compounds made
up of amino acids.
Amino acids contain carbon, hydrogen,
sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus,
and iron.
Proteins supply the substance that is
needed to build and maintain body
tissues.
What is the role of amino acids
as essential nutrients for growth
and development?
23 amino acids have been found in protein.
Ten of the amino acids are essential.
Tryptophan – an
essential amino acid
Anabolism takes place and the rest of the
amino acids are synthesized in the animal’s
body.
What are the symptoms of
amino acid deficiencies?
Low birth weight of young
Anorexia (low food intake)
Slow growth rate
Low milk production
Edema (abnormal fluid accumulation)
Anemia (low red blood cell count)
What are macrominerals and
trace minerals and what specific
minerals fit each group?
Macrominerals are minerals that are
needed in larger amounts for proper
health, growth, and reproduction.
Trace minerals are needed in smaller
amounts for proper animal health.
Examples of Macrominerals
Calcium
Chlorine
Magnesium
Phosphorus
Potassium
Sodium
Examples of Trace Minerals
Copper
Iodine
Iron
Manganese
Selenium
Zinc
What is the function and
importance of vitamins in the
diet?
Vitamin C
Vitamins are organic
compounds required in
minute amounts for
normal growth,
production,
reproduction, and
health.
What is the function and
importance of vitamins in the
diet?
Vitamins regulate body processes, help
the body resist disease, and improve
health in general.
Fat soluble – stored in body fat and
released when needed.
Water soluble – dissolved by water and
need to be replaced each day.
Essential Vitamins
A
D3
E
K
Biotin
Choline
Folacin
Niacin
Riboflavin
Thiamin
B-6
B-12
Pantothenic Acid
Symptoms of vitamin
deficiency
Slow or poor growth
Poor reproduction
Decreased production of meat or eggs
Anorexia
Edema
Skin, feather problems
Decreased appetite and diarrhea
Review/Summary
What are the nutrient needs of poultry
for maintenance, growth, and
reproduction?
What are the chief sources of energy for
poultry and symptoms of energy
deficient diets?
Review/Summary
What is the role of amino acids as
essential nutrients for growth and
development and what are the
symptoms of amino acid deficiencies?
What are macrominerals and trace
minerals and what specific minerals fit
each group?
Review/Summary
What is the function and importance of
vitamins in the diet and what are vitamin
deficiency symptoms in chicks?