Cycles in Matter
Describe the short-term carbon cycle.
Describe the long-term carbon cycle.
How is atmospheric nitrogen converted into
ammonium fertilizer that is usable for
plants? Besides ammonia, what is another
usable form of nitrogen?
How do animals obtain nitrogen?
What is ammonification? Denitrification?
Explain the phosphorus cycle.
What negative impacts are humans making
on each of the cycles?
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EQ: How does
Energy Flow
Through an
Ecosystem
Food Chains, Food Webs,
Energy Pyramids
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•Begins with the
SUN
•Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2
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Photosynthesis
•ENERGY is stored in glucose
•Glucose is stored as starch
•Producers
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Niche of a Producer
Captures energy and transforms it
into organic, stored energy for the
use of living organisms.
May be photoautotrophs using light
energy (e.g. plants)
May be chemoautotrophs using
chemical energy (e.g. some
archaebacteria)
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Habitat of Photoautotrophs
On Land
Plants
In The Sea
Algae
Tidal Flats & Salt Marshes
Cyanobacteria
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Tube Worms living in Black
Smoker rely on archaebacteria
for energy
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Quick Thinks
What is a producer?
How is energy stored in food?
What is the formula for photosynthesis?
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6O2 + C6H12O6 --> 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy
CELLULAR
RESPIRATION is
the chemical
reaction that
releases the
energy in glucose.
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Energy is passed on
from producer to
consumer (heterotrophs)
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Types of Consumers
•first order (1
st)
or primary
consumers
-Herbivores
Second order or secondary
conumers – Could be a carnivore,
an omnivore, a predator or
scavenger
Detrivore
•
•
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A consumer that eats a
consumer that already ate a
consumer:
•Is called a 3rd order
or tertiary consumer
•May be a carnivore or
a omnivore
•May be a predator
•May be a scavenger
(detrivores)
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Decomposers
Fungi & Bacteria
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Food Chain
1st
order
Consumer
2nd Order
Consumer
3rd
Order
consumer
4th Order
Consumer
Producer (trapped
sunlight & stored food)
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Name the Producer, Consumers
& Decomposers in this food
chain:
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The transfer of energy from
the sun to producer to primary
consumer then to higher order
consumers can be shown in a
FOOD CHAIN.
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Energy Pyramids Show Available
Energy
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More Food Chains
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Energy Pyramids Show
•Amount of available
energy decreases for
higher consumers
Biomass decreases from
one trophic level to the
next
10%
•
•
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Quick Thinks
Explain why food chains are rarely
more than 4 or 5 organisms long?
What do pyramids show us?
What happens to energy that is stored
in photosynthesis?
What percentage of energy is passed
from one trophic level to the next?
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Food Webs:
•Are
interconnected
food chains
They show the
feeding
relationships in
an ecosystem
•
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How Many Chains are in
this web?
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Identify the Producers, Consumers, &
Decomposers:
Count the
Food
Chains!
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Food Web Challenge – Individual assignment for a
daily grade.
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Ticket Out Quiz
Identify the:
1. Producers
2. Primary Consumers
3. Secondary Consumers
4. Herbivores
5. Carnivores
6. Omnivores
7. What elements are missing
from this food web?
8. How many food chains are in
this food web?
9. Which organisms on the food
chain represent the least amount
of energy on the food chain?
10. What percentage of energy is
transferred from one trophic level
to the next?
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