GIS Benthic Terrain Workshop Dawn Wright and Emily Larkin Davey Jones Locker Lab Department of Geosciences Oregon State University, USA Schedule - Day 1, Mon • 8:30-9:30 - Dawn - Intro • 9:30-10:00 – Break - Technical Setup • 10:00-12:00 – Emily/Dawn - Module 1: Exploring the Reefs – all modules include intro lecture, then hands-on work • 12:00-1:00 – Lunch • 1:30-2:30 – Dawn – Seafloor mapping techniques and GIS analysis • 2:30-4:30 – Emily/Dawn – Module 2: Benthic Classifications Schedule - Day 2, Tues • 8:30-10:30 – Emily/Dawn – Module 3: Spatial and 3D Analyst w/Bathymetry Data (including hypothetical MPA) • 10:30-11:00 – Dawn – Benthic Terrain Modeler (BTM) tool • 11:00-12:00 – Emily – American Samoa Benthic Terrain Viewer (ASBTV) and AS Bibliographic Tool • 12:00-1:00 – Lunch • 1:30 –2:00 – Wrapup, final question/discussion period Tuesday, 2:30 • American Samoa GIS User Group Meeting • DOC Conference Room, Pago Pago GIS: A Spatial Context Integrating Many Parts to See the Whole Shoreline Bathymetry Sediments Kelp Conservation Value Resilience? Fisheries Non-consumptive Recreational Activities Options/Decisions Graphics courtesy of Joe Breman, ESRI and NOAA Biogeography Program Spatial Reasoning Deciding Measuring Planning Thinking Analyzing Graphics courtesy of ESRI Science From Spatial Reasoning to Policy & Management Halpin, AAAS, 2004 From Wright and Halpin, in press, 2004, Spatial reasoning for terra incognita: Grand challenges and progress of marine GIS, in Wright, D.J. and Scholz, D.J. (eds.), Place Matters: Geospatial Tools for Marine Science, Conservation, and Management in the Pacific Northwest, Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press. GIS: A Spatial Context Seeing the Whole to Manage Places Seeing the Whole • • • Graphics courtesy of ESRI Patterns Linkages Trends Managing Places • • • • Estuaries Fisheries Marine Protected Areas Coastal Communities Point Conception Oregonian Bioregion Santa Barbara From Airame, S., in press, 2004, Channel Islands Marine Sanctuary: Advancing the science and policy of marine protected areas, in Wright, D.J. and Scholz, D.J. (eds.), Place Matters: Geospatial Tools for Marine Science, Conservation, and Management in the Pacific Northwest, Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press. Area of Detail Sanctuary Boundary Californian Bioregion State Boundary Santa Cruz Island San Miguel I. Santa Rosa Island Anacapa I. Santa Barbara Island Transition Zone Effective April 9, 2003 Flowchart of Parameters in Potential MPA GIS Survey Station Database Survey Catch Database Station data Oceanographic Remote Sensing Database Data Catch data Ocean Current data One to Many Table Join SeaWiFS Satellite Imagery of Chlorophyll Catch & Station Data Biodiversity Analysis Stations with Fish Biodiversity Index (Shannon-Weaver) Spatial Analyst (Kriging) Biodiversity Raster Spawning Aggregation Spatial Analyst (Kriging) Spawning Raster Weighted model By OrSt grad student Chad Keith Source & Sink Areas Nursery Areas Spatial Analyst (Kriging) Spatial Analyst (Kriging) Source/Sink Raster Nursery Raster Important Biological Areas Raster High 1° Production Raster Continued Flowchart of Parameters in Potential MPA GIS Commercial Database Important Biological Areas Raster Commercial Catch data Important Commercial Fishing Areas (no MPA’s) Raster Calculator Analysis Fleet Capacity Areas (no MPA’s) Spatial Overlay (Union) Economic Layer By OrSt grad student Chad Keith Biological Layer Raster Calculator Analysis No MPA Raster Potential MPA’s 75 km 50 km By OrSt grad student Chad Keith Gulf of Maine Georges Bank Example of MPA Exclusion Areas Fishing Patterns 1998-’99 Pre-Footrope Regulation Tows 1998-1999 Reference Site 2 Trawl Patterns – Rocky Habitat - 1,000 Meters Scale 1 : 56,000 By OrSt grad student Marlene Bellman Fishing Patterns, 2000-’01 Post-Footrope Regulation Trawl Patterns – Rocky Habitat Where is Habitat Recovery Most Likely? Map Prediction of Resilience/Robustness?? - 1,000 Meters Scale 1 : 56,000 By OrSt grad student Marlene Bellman Prototype Mixed Layer Depth Calculation in ArcGIS - Bering Sea Vance et al., NOAA AFSC, 2004 Map courtesy of the National Park of American Samoa Artwork by Jayne Doucette, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution OrSt and USF Bathy Surveys, 2001 to present Bottom Coverage & Data Density by Survey Method Leadline 1-2 K soundings per survey Single Beam 500 - 750 K soundings per survey Multibeam 400,000 – 1,000,000 K soundings per survey Image courtesy of NOAA & UNH Active Remote Sensing Acoustic! • multiple, focused, high-frequency, short wavelength sound beams • “narrow-beam” or “multibeam” bathymetry – sound beam stays narrow and focused all the way to the bottom – depths much more precise – e.g., Sea Beam has 16 beams, Sea Beam 2000 has 121, EM3000 has 127, EM120 has 191 Mapping the Ocean Floor • Only 5% of global ocean floor charted in high rez with ships - we need 125 more years! Image courtesy of NOAA Ocean Thematic Layers Graphic courtesy of Christina Massel, Steve Miller, Scripps Multibeam Bathymetry A Gigabyte of data a day A Gigabyte of data an hour The World Ocean Floor Fine-Scale Mapping • on the order of tens of meters to meters • features the size of a beer can! National Marine Sanctuaries Map courtesy of NOAA National Marine Sanctuary System U.S. Coral Reef Task Force Seeks to characterize priority reef systems deeper than 30 m in the U.S. and Trust Territories by 2009. Surveys contribute to management of marine protected areas and the possible designation of more protected areas. Evans et al. 2002; http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/col/projects/coral/Coralhome.html OrSt & USF Multibeam Surveys to date By OrSt grad student Emily Lundblad Shallow Multibeam (May 2001, November 2002) • • • • Kongsberg-Simrad EM-3000 Fans out 121 beams at 130 deg. Swaths 3-4 times water depth Depths in 3-150 m range at survey speeds of 3-12 knots • cm-resolution w/ dGPS Preparations Shallow Water Multibeam Shallow Water Multibeam (cont.) Measured offsets required for accurate pitch, roll, yaw "curling up" of outermost beams "loss of bottom" on very steep slopes sudden heading changes By OrSt grad student Emily Larkin Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary, 2001 bathy SCUBA / Rebreather Technology Images courtesy of Kip Evans, Nat. Geographic and Rich Pyle, Bishop Museum Rebreather Dive Mission, FBNMS, 2001 Schedule - Day 1 • 8:30-9:30 - Dawn - intro lecture • 9:30-10:00 – Break • 10:00-12:00 – Emily/Dawn - Module 1: Exploring the Reefs – all modules include intro lecture, then hands-on work • 12:00-1:00 – Lunch • 1:30-2:30 – Dawn – seafloor mapping techniques and GIS analysis • 2:30-4:30 – Emily/Dawn – Module 2: Benthic Classifications Fa’afetai! Image courtesy of FBNMS Schedule - Day 2, Tues • 8:30-10:30 – Emily/Dawn – Module 3: Spatial and 3D Analyst w/Bathymetry Data (including hypothetical MPA) • 10:30-11:00 – Dawn & Josh – Benthic Terrain Modeler (BTM) tool • 11:00-12:00 – Emily – American Samoa Benthic Terrain Viewer (ASBTV) and AS Bibliographic Tool • 12:00-1:00 – Lunch and/or Wrapup • 1:30 –2:00 – Wrapup, final question/discussion period