Information Security
Introduction to Information Security
Michael Whitman and
Herbert Mattord
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Chapter Objectives

After studying this chapter you should be
able to:
– NSTISSC Security Model
– Compare SDLC and SecSDLC Phases
– Security Management and Project Team
– Threat to Information Security
– Design Security Architecture
– Security Technology
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NSTISSC Security Model p.15
National Security Telecommunications and
Information Systems Security Committee
presented “National Training Standard for
Information Security Professionals NSTISSI No.
4011” document which
o- Define information security as “the protection of
information and the systems and hardware that use,
store, and transmit that information.”
1.- Develop an NSTISSC Security Model (p.15)
2.- Secure five components of the IS (p.123) 14-3
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Compare SDLC and
SecSDLC Phases p. 26
The security SDLC has all the common steps in
the traditional SDLC, plus steps unique to the
security SDLC.
The steps unique to the security SDLC are:
– Phase 1: Investigation

Management defines project processes and goals
and documents these in the program security policy
– Phase 2: Analysis
 Analyze existing security policies and programs
 Analyze current threats and controls
 Examine legal issues
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 Perform risk analysis
Compare SDLC and
SecSDLC Phases p. 26
– Phase 3: Logical Design
 Develop security blueprint
 Plan incident response actions
 Plan business response to disaster
 Determine feasibility of continuing and/or outsourcing the
project
– Phase 4: Physical Design
 Select technologies needed to support security blueprint
 Develop definition of successful solution
 Design physical security measures to support technological
solutions
 Review the approval project
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Compare SDLC and
SecSDLC Phases p. 26
– Phase 5: Implementation
 Buy or develop security solutions
 At end of phase, present tested package to
management for approval
– Phase 6: Maintenance
 Constantly monitor, test, modify, update, and repair
to meet changing threats
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Security Management and
Project Team p.31
– Senior Management
Chief Information Officer (CIO)
 Chief Information Security Officer
– responsible for assessment, management,
and implementation of securing the
information in the organization.
– May also be referred to as the manager
for Security, the security administrator, or
a similar title.
– Usually reports directly to the CIO

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Security Management and
Project Team
– Security Project Team
Champion
 Team leader
 Security policy developer
 Risk assessment specialists
 Security professionals
 Systems administrators
 End users

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Threat to Information Security
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(David Kroenke, 2009)
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Design Security Architecture
p.225

- Defense in depth


Develop security in layers
- Security Perimeter


Defines the edge between the outer limit of an
organization’s security and the beginning of the
outside world.
Is the first level of security that protects all internal
systems from outside threats.
– Key Security Technologies
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Security Technology p.275

1. Firewall

2. Dial-up Protection:
– RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service)
Configuration: Figure 8-6 (p.285)




1. Remote worker dials RAS (Remote Access Server) system
2. RAS passes username and password to RADIUS server
3. RADIUS server approves or rejects request and provides
access authorization
4. RAS provides access to authorized remote worker
1

Teleworker
RAS
3
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2
RADIUS
4
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Security Technology p.275

3. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs)
– Host based IDS: resides on a host and monitor only
activities on the host.
– Network IDS: monitor network traffic and examine
packets on network ad alerts administrators of
unusual patterns
– Signature-based IDS or knowledge-based IDS:
examine data traffic in search of something that
matches signatures, which are preconfigured,
predetermined attack patterns.
– Statistical Anomaly-based IDS: collect data from
normal traffic and establish a baseline. Then
periodically samples network activity, based on
statistical methods, and compares the samples to the
baseline. When the activity is outside the baseline
parameters, IDS notify the administrator.
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Security Technology p.275
4. Scanning and Analysis Tools
– Port Scanners p292

(network channel or connection)
– Vulnerability Scanners

Scan networks for highly detailed information
– Packet Sniffers
 A network tool that collects copies of packets
form the network and analyzes them.
5. Content Filters
restrict accessible content from within a
network. E.g. restriction of web sites with
nonbusiness related material; restriction
of spam e-mail form outside sources
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Security Technology p.275
6. Cryptography and Encryption-based
Solutions
– Symmetric encryption (private key encryption)

use a single key for encryption and decryption
– Asymmetric encryption (public key
encryption)

use two different keys
– Digital Signature
– PKI: Public Key Infrastructure
– Digital certificate
 An electronic document, similar to digital
signature, attached to a file certifying that this
file is from the organization it claims to be from
and has not been modified from the original
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Security Technology p.275
– Digital Authority
 An agency that manages the issuance of
certificates and serves as the electronic notary
public to verify their worth and integrity.
 E.g. when downloading or uploading software on
the Internet, a pop-up window shows that the
files did in fact come from the purported agency,
and thus can be trusted.
– Securing E-Mail
 S/MIME (Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail
Extensions)
 PEM (Privacy Enhanced Mail)
 PGP (Pretty Good Privacy)
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Security Technology p.275
– Securing Web (p.309)
 SET (Secure Electronic Transactions)
 SHTTP (Secured HTTP): encryption
 IPSec (IP Security)

7. Access Control Devices
– Authentication: Are you whom you claim to
be?



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What you know: password
What you have: dumb cards such as ID cards, or
ATM cards
What you are: biometrics
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