Components of
the Perfect Storm
Global Demographics
and the Impact on the
United States
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
September 27, 2007
This Presentation was Drawn
from Major Works in the Field

Long Term Global Demographic Trends: Reshaping
the Geopolitical Landscape. Washington DC: Central
Intelligence Agency, July 2001.

World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision
Highlights. New York: United Nations, 2007.

E. Weiner and A Brown. Future Think: How to Think
Clearly in a Time of Change. New York: Prentice
Hall, Inc., 2005.
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
By 2020…What will be the
World’s Population Distribution?
The world’s population will be more than 7.8 billion
people in 2020.
Of 100 people, how many will be:






___ from Asia (including 19 Chinese and 17 Indians)?
___ from the Northern Hemisphere including the US?
___ from Africa (including 13 from Sub-Saharan Africa)?
___ from the Middle East?
___ from Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union?
___ from Western Europe?
Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Long Term Global Demographic Trends: Reshaping the Geopolitical Landscape, (July 2001).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
By 2020 the World’s Population
Will be More than 7.8 Billion People
Of 100 people, this is projected to be the mix:






56 from Asia (including 19 Chinese and 17 Indians)
13 from the Northern Hemisphere including the US
16 from Africa (including 13 from Sub-Saharan Africa)
3 from the Middle East
7 from Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union
5 from Western Europe
Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Long Term Global Demographic Trends: Reshaping the Geopolitical Landscape, (July 2001).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Key Findings from the Global Trends
Indicate a Reshaping of the Global
Landscape…Some Highlights




Demographic trends will reshape the global landscape.
The population of Europe and Russia will shrink
dramatically, from 22% in 1950, to 13% in 2000,
to 7.5% in 2050.
Only the US and Russia will remain on the list of the
top 10 most populous nations from 1950.
Of the 1.5 billion people that the world population will
gain by 2020, most will be added to states in Asia and
Africa.
Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Long Term Global Demographic Trends: Reshaping the Geopolitical Landscape, (July 2001).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Key Findings from the Global Trends Indicate a Reshaping
of the Global Landscape…Some Highlights, continued:





By 2015, for the first time in history, a majority of the
world’s population will live in cities.
By 2050, the global 65+ age cohort will triple in size
to about 1.5 billion, or 16% of the total population.
Despite the overall trend toward aging, many
developing nations will experience substantial youth
bulges: Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq.
Global migration may lend some stabilization to both
sending and receiving countries.
Environmental issues will disrupt population
projections in ways not readily apparent.
Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Long Term Global Demographic Trends: Reshaping the Geopolitical Landscape, (July 2001).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
A Snapshot of the
Global Demographic Trends
Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Long Term Global Demographic Trends: Reshaping the Geopolitical Landscape, (July 2001).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Key Global Demographic Trends
Are Attributed to Multiple Causes








Population Growth
Aging of the Population
 Differences in fertility rates
 Difference in life expectancy
Migration
Urbanization
Youth Bulge
Environmental Factors
Health
Natural Disasters and Conflicts
Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Long Term Global Demographic Trends: Reshaping the Geopolitical Landscape, (July 2001).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Take a Closer Look at Four
Global Firsts

Population Growth

Aging of the Population

Differences in fertility rates

Difference in life expectancy

Migration

Urbanization
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Global First #1:
Population Growth Tops 9 Billion
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Global Population Growth
is Driven By Developing Countries
8.7 B
World Population 1950-2050.
6.1 B
2.5 B
Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (2005).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Changes in Population Over Time Reveal
Developed Countries are Becoming Smaller
Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Long Term Global Demographic Trends: Reshaping the Geopolitical Landscape, (July 2001).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
10 Largest Countries in the World
in 2007 and 2050 Projections
2007
2050
Population (millions)
China
India
United States
Indonesia
Brazil
Pakistan
Bangladesh
Nigeria
Russia
Japan
1,318
1,132
302
232
189
169
149
144
142
128
Population (millions)
India
China
United States
Indonesia
Pakistan
Nigeria
Brazil
Bangladesh
Dem. Rep. of Congo
Philippines
Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2007 World Population Data Sheets (2007).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
1,747
1,437
420
297
295
282
260
231
187
150
Global First #2:
Prolonged Aging of the Population
• Longer life span
• Lower fertility
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Global Aging - 2000, 2020 and 2050
Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Long Term Global Demographic Trends: Reshaping the Geopolitical Landscape, (July 2001).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Population Aging Is Occurring Worldwide
Source: C. Haub, 2007 World Population Data Sheet, and United Nations Population Division.
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Global Aging Most Significant
in Developed Countries
Source: C. Haub, 2007 World Population Data Sheet, and United Nations Population Division.
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Dramatic Change in Median Age in Many
Individual Countries, Creates Historic Challenges
Median Age (Years)
60
2000
2025
2050
50
40
30
20
10
0
th
u
So
a
ric
f
A
d
In
ia
M
ex
o
ic
a
e
a
na
SA rali
nc
ad
hi
U
a
t
n
C
s
a
Fr
C
Au
e
op
r
u
K
U
E
y
n
an
pa
a
m
J
er
G
a
R
si
us
Source: Confederation of Indian Industry, “Snapshot: Global Demographics.“
Prepared by the Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Ita
ly
in
a
Sp
Median Age Increasing in Developed Countries
Years
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
World
United States
Japan
Russian
Federation
Africa
22.1
23
24.5
26.7
29.2
31.5
34
36.3
38.1
28.2
30.1
32.8
35.3
36.5
37.5
39.1
40.3
41.1
29
32.6
37.4
41.3
44.6
48.5
52.1
54.3
54.9
30.6
31.3
33.2
36.5
37.9
40
43.8
46.1
45.3
17.6
17.5
17.5
18.4
19.6
21.1
23.1
25.5
28
Prepared by the Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Countries with the Longest Life Expectancies
are in Developed Countries, and Shortest Life
Expectancies are in Developing Countries
Longest
Shortest
Years
Japan
Australia
France
Iceland
Italy
Sweden
Switzerland
Austria
Canada
Israel
Malta
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Singapore
Spain
82
81
81
81
81
81
81
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
Years
Swaziland
Botswana
Lesotho
Zimbabwe
Zambia
Malawi
Angola
Afghanistan
Central African Republic
Mozambique
Source: World Population Highlights, Key Findings from PRB’s 2007 Population Data Sheet, Population Bulletin, 62:3.
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
33
34
36
37
38
40
41
42
43
43
Life Expectancy Has Increased Most
in Less Developed Countries Since 1950
Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision (2007); and C. Haub, 2007 World Population Data Sheet.
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Fertility Rates Have Fallen in Every Major World
Region, but Are Still Highest in Sub-Saharan Africa
Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision (2007); and C. Haub, 2007 World Population Data Sheet.
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Total Fertility Rates for Selected Countries
are the Lowest in Developed Countries
Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Long Term Global Demographic Trends: Reshaping the Geopolitical Landscape, (July 2001).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Old Age Dependency Ratio Selected Countries,
2000, 2025, and 2050 Indicate Greater Dependency
in Developed Countries
Old Age Dependency Ratio
80
2000
2025
2050
60
40
20
0
h
ut
So
a
ric
f
A
a
di
In
o
ic
M
ex
a
e
a
na
SA rali
nc
ad
hi
U
a
t
n
C
s
a
Fr
C
Au
K
U
y
n
e
ia
an
pa
op
ss
r
a
u
m
J
R
Eu
er
G
Source: Confederation of Indian Industry, “Snapshot: Global Demographics.“
Prepared by the Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Ita
ly
n
ai
p
S
Aging Population and Decline in Fertility Rates
will Tighten Labor Markets in Developed
Countries
Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Long Term Global Demographic Trends: Reshaping the Geopolitical Landscape, (July 2001).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Global First #3:
Migration is Unstoppable…
Stay and Starve
Forces People to Move
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Average Annual Net Number
of International Migrants
Source: Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (2007). World Population
Prospects: The 2006 Revision Highlights. New York: United Nations.
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Average Annual Net Number
of International Migrants
Net number of migrants
3,000,000
1950-60
2000-10
2,000,000
1960-70
2010-20
1970-80
2020-30
1980-90
2030-40
1990-2000
2040-50
1,000,000
0
-1,000,000
-2,000,000
-3,000,000
1950-60
1960-70
1970-80
1980-90
1990-2000
2000-10
2010-20
2020-30
2030-40
2040-50
More
dev eloped
regions
Less
dev eloped
regions
Af rica
Asia
Europe
Latin
America &
Caribbean
Northern
America
Oceania
-3,000
556,000
1,088,000
1,530,000
2,493,000
2,902,000
2,268,000
2,269,000
2,272,000
2,272,000
3,000
-556,000
-1,088,000
-1,530,000
-2,493,000
-2,902,000
-2,268,000
-2,269,000
-2,272,000
-2,272,000
-125,000
-242,000
-289,000
-267,000
-310,000
-416,000
-377,000
-395,000
-393,000
-393,000
194,000
-22,000
-377,000
-451,000
-1,340,000
-1,311,000
-1,210,000
-1,221,000
-1,222,000
-1,222,000
-489,000
-31,000
288,000
441,000
1,051,000
1,271,000
799,000
805,000
808,000
808,000
-68,000
-293,000
-415,000
-781,000
-775,000
-1,108,000
-616,000
-590,000
-595,000
-595,000
403,000
479,000
748,000
972,000
1,277,000
1,453,000
1,305,000
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,300,000
85,000
109,000
44,000
86,000
96,000
111,000
99,000
101,000
102,000
102,000
Source: Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (2007). World Population
Prospects: The 2006 Revision Highlights. New York: United Nations.
Prepared by the Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Migrants to the Developed World
Immigrants as a Share of Annual Population Growth in Developed Countries
Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Long Term Global Demographic Trends: Reshaping the Geopolitical Landscape, (July
2001).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Natural Increase Still Accounts for Almost 60%
of Population Growth in the US, but the Share
from International Migration Has Been Increasing
Percent of U.S. population growth due to natural increase and net migration, 1980-2005
Source: U.S. Census Bureau 1980, 1990, 2000, 2005
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Natural Increase Still Accounts for Almost 60% of
Population Growth in the U.S., but the Share from
International Migration Has Been Increasing
Percent of U.S. population growth due to natural increase and net migration, 1980-2005
Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 1980, 1990, 2000
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Countries Whose Population are Expected to
Decline Between 2000 and 2050…Due to Low
Fertility Rates and Poor Immigration Response
Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Long Term Global Demographic Trends: Reshaping the Geopolitical Landscape, (July 2001).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Migrants Needed to Keep Aging Dependency
Ratios from Rising Above 1995 Levels
(1998-1999 Estimates)
Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Long Term Global Demographic Trends: Reshaping the Geopolitical Landscape, (July 2001).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Migration is a Partial Solution to
Other Demographic Challenges





The labor force in the developing world is expected to double from
1.7 billion in 1998 to 3.1 billion by 2025
The European Union will need 1.7 million high-tech workers by 2003,
many coming outside of the EU
The US expects labor shortages to leave 890,000 high tech jobs
unfilled of 1.6 million and increases to continue for several years
Migrants who choose to remain in host countries with aging
population will help to boost government revenues
Migrants will help relieve the social and political pressures
associated with large populations of unemployed and restless youth
in their home countries
Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Long Term Global Demographic Trends: Reshaping the Geopolitical Landscape, (July 2001, pg 43).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Y-migration Will Impact the United States’
Need for High-Tech Workforce
The generation of United States population born from between 1978
and 1995 will leave the country to seek opportunities for affordable,
quality life. GenY is the same size as the Baby Boomer population.
 GenY will have enormous debt upon graduation from college ($40 to
$70K in private, $20K public schools)
 Demand for qualified workers will be expanding in Europe
(Germany, France, and Italy) to stay at 1995 employee replacement
levels
 There are currently 1.3M more jobs in information technology in
Europe then qualified workers
 The middle class is shrinking in the US and growing internationally
Source: E. Weiner and A Brown. Future Think: How to Think Clearly in a Time of Change. New York: Prentice Hall, Inc., 2005
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
The US Ranking in the Global
Competitiveness Index has Dropped
From #1 in 2005 to #6 in 2007
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Country
Economy Score
Switzerland
5.81
Finland
5.76
Sweden
5.74
Denmark
5.70
Singapore
5.63
United States
5.61
Japan
5.60
Germany
5.58
Netherlands
5.56
United Kingdom
5.54
Source: Global Competitiveness Index, World Economic Forum, 2007
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Global First #4:
Urbanization…
Nearly Two-Thirds of the World’s
Population Will Live in Cities
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Urbanization Has Grown Dramatically
Since the 1970s
Source: United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2005 Revision (2006).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
By 2030, Nearly Two-Thirds of the World’s
Population Will Live in Urban Areas
Source: United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2005 Revision (2006); and C. Haub, 2007 World Population Data Sheet.
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Mega Cities with Populations Greater than 8
Million are Expected to Double in Size by 2015
Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Long Term Global Demographic Trends: Reshaping the Geopolitical Landscape, (July 2001).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Potential for Global Urban Crisis Grows
because Growth Outpaces Ability of the Cities
to Cope with Growth…Who Will Pay the Price?
Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Long Term Global Demographic Trends: Reshaping the Geopolitical Landscape, (July 2001).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Other Driving Forces…
Youth Bulge Impacts the Stability
of Developing Countries
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Youth Bulge Most Prevalent in the Developing
Countries
Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Long Term Global Demographic Trends: Reshaping the Geopolitical Landscape, (July 2001).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Sub-Saharan Africa will Have the Greatest
Youth Bulges Through 2020; Youth Bulges
May Contribute to Political Instability
Source: US Bureau of Census, International Database, (2007). Central Intelligence Agency, Long Term Global Demographic Trends:
Reshaping the Geopolitical Landscape, (July 2001).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Other Driving Forces…
Environmental Factors Will Pose
Threats to Health and Safety
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Environmental Issues Disrupt Population
Projections in Ways Not Readily Apparent





Water pollution
Soil degradation and flooding
Air pollution and acid rain
Deforestation
Urban sprawl and decreased preserved lands
Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Long Term Global Demographic Trends: Reshaping the Geopolitical Landscape, (July 2001).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
The World Is Closer to Meeting the Clean-Water
Access Target Than the Sanitation Target
Percent of Population with Access to Improved Water and Sanitation, 1990-2002, and 2015 MDG targets
Source: UNICEF and WHO, “Country, Regional, and Global Estimates on Water and Sanitation” (2004).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
A Large Gap Exists Between Carbon Dioxide
Emissions of Developed and Developing Regions
Source: C. Haub, 2007 World Population Data Sheet.
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Other Driving Forces…
Health Disparities Increase in
Developing Countries
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Infectious Diseases Continue to be
Leading Causes of Death Globally
Tuberculosis
Malaria
Hepatitis
HIV/AIDS
Cholera
Diptheria
Dysentery
Heart Disease
Cancer
Diabetes
Tuberculosis
HIV/AIDS
Hepatitis B and C
Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Long Term Global Demographic Trends: Reshaping the Geopolitical Landscape, (July 2001).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
In Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries,
30 Percent of All Children Are Underweight
Source: C. Haub, 2007 World Population Data Sheet.
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Developing Countries with the Highest
and Lowest Shares of Children Under Age 5
who are Underweight
Highest
Lowest
Percent
Afghanistan
India (under age 3)
Yemen
Niger
Bangladesh
East Timor
Burundi
Nepal
Sudan
Madagascar
46
46
46
44
43
41
39
39
38
37
Percent
Grenada
Chile
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Kuwait
Samoa
Georgia
Jamaica
Mexico
Palestinian Territory
Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2007 World Population Data Sheets (2007).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
<1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
Percent Overweight and Obese
in School Age Children
Source:: United Nations Standing Committee on Nutrition (SCN), “Overweight and Obesity,” SCN News29 (Late 2004-Early 2005).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Long a Problem in Industrialized Countries,
Obesity Is Becoming a Problem in the
Developing World
Source: World Health Organization, WHO Global InfoBase Online, Country Comparable Data (http://infobase.who.int, accessed June 15, 2007).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Iron-Deficiency Anemia Remains a Problem
in Many Parts of the Developing World
Source: ORC Macro, MEASURE DHS STATcompiler (www.measuredhs.com, accessed June 15, 2007).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
HIV/AIDS is More Common
in Less Developed Regions
Percent of population ages
15–49 with HIV/AIDS, 2005-2006
WORLD
0.9
More developed regions
0.5
Less developed regions
1.1
Africa
4.5
North America
0.6
Latin America/Caribbean
0.5
Europe
0.5
Oceania
0.4
Asia
0.2
Source: C. Haub, 2007 World Population Data Sheet
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
HIV Prevalence Is Highest in Southern Africa
Source: C. Haub, 2007 World Population Data Sheet.
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Other Driving Forces…
Disasters and Conflicts are Likely
to Cause More Loss of Life and
Economic Disruption
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Natural Disaster and Conflicts
Present a Strain on Global Stability
Disasters
 More prevalent in the
Asian-Pacific Region
 Earthquakes and
flooding
 Hurricanes and
tornadoes
 Nuclear
contamination
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Conflicts
 Rogue states
 Civil wars and
peacekeeping efforts
 Immigration and
intolerance
 Terrorism
Impact of Global Demographic Trends on the
United States…Just a Few to Keep in Mind
The U.S. will likely…
 Experience all of the “Global Firsts” and their
challenges …more detailed in U.S. presentation
 See traditional allies face unprecedented crisis and
distraction related to aging (aging could severely
reduce Japan’s economic power)
 Be lonelier in facing global hotspots without older
Europe
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Impact of Global Demographic Trends on United
States…Just a Few to Keep in Mind, continued…
The U.S. will likely…
 Take more responsibility for meeting humanitarian
needs which will likely increase with greater
urbanization and greater populations in developing
countries
 Face greater uncertainty with key rivals Russia,
China facing critical demographic challenges
 Confront growing need to invest in education of
global workforce, just for security reasons
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
References…Demographics
Carl Haub, 2007 World Population Data Sheet (Washington, DC: Population Reference
Bureau, 2007).
Mary M. Kent and Carl Haub, “Global Demographic Divide,” Population Bulletin 60, no.
4 (2005).
Mary M. Kent and Sandra Yin, “Controlling Infectious Diseases,” Population Bulletin 61,
no. 2 (2006).
Joseph A. McFalls Jr., “Population: A Lively Introduction,” Population Bulletin 62, no. 1
(2007).
United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision (New York: United
Nations, 2007).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
References…AIDS
Lori S. Ashford, How HIV and AIDS Affect Populations (Washington, DC: Population
Reference Bureau, 2006).
Carl Haub, 2007 World Population Data Sheet (Washington, DC: Population Reference
Bureau, 2007).
Carl Haub, “Improving Data Collection Efforts to Estimate HIV/AIDS,” accessed online
at www.prb.org, on June 20, 2007.
Peter R. Lamptey, Jami L. Johnson, and Marya Khan, “The Global Challenge of HIV
and AIDS,” Population Bulletin 61, no. 1 (2006).
UNAIDS, AIDS Epidemic Update: December 2006, accessed online at www.unaids.org,
on June 28, 2007.
United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision (New York: United
Nations, 2007).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
References…Migration
Carl Haub, 2007 World Population Data Sheet (Washington, DC: Population Reference
Bureau, 2007).
Farzaneh Roudi-Fahimi and Mary M. Kent, “Challenges and Opportunities—The
Population of the Middle East and North Africa,” Population Bulletin 62, no. 2 (2007).
Mary M. Kent and Carl Haub, “Global Demographic Divide,” Population Bulletin 60, no.
4 (2006).
Philip Martin and Elizabeth Midgley, “Immigration: Shaping and Reshaping America,”
Population Bulletin 61, no. 4 (2006).
Philip Martin and Elizabeth Midgley, “International Migration,” Population Bulletin
(forthcoming).
Dilip Ratha and William Shaw, “South-South Migration and Remittances,” accessed
online at www.worldbank.org, on July 2, 2007.
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), 2006 Global Trends (Geneva: UNHCR,
2007).
Sandra Yin, “The Plight of Internally Displaced Persons,” accessed online at
www.prb.org, on July 2, 2007.
Nancy V. Yinger, “Feminization of Migration,” accessed online at www.prb.org, on July
2, 2007.
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
References…Urbanization
Carl Haub, 2007 World Population Data Sheet (Washington, DC: Population Reference
Bureau, 2007).
George Martine, The State of World Population 2007: Unleashing the Potential of
Urban Growth (New York: United Nations, 2007).
Office of the Registrar General, India; “Census of India 2001: Table S00-017:
Distribution of Households by Availability of Bathroom, Type of Latrine Within the House
and Type of Drainage Connectivity for Waste Water Outlet,” accessed online at
www.censusindia.net, on July 6, 2007.
Barbara Boyle Torrey, “Urbanization: An Environmental Force to Be Reckoned With,”
accessed online at www.prb.org, on June 26, 2007.
United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2005 Revision (New York: United
Nations, 2006).
United Nations, 2003 Demographic Yearbook (New York: United Nations, 2006).
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
References…Environment
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, State of the World's Forests
2007, accessed online at www.fao.org, on July 9, 2007.
Carl Haub, 2007 World Population Data Sheet (Washington, DC: Population Reference
Bureau, 2007).
Michael D. Jennings, Gross Amount of Habitat Lost by Country (Moscow, Idaho: The
Nature Conservancy, 2007).
United Nations Environment Programme, GEO-2000 Global Environmental Outlook,
accessed online at www.unep.org, on July 9, 2007.
World Resources Institute, CO2 Emissions per Capita, accessed online at
http://earthtrends.wri.org, on July 9, 2007.
Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
Global Profile 2007
…is available on our website:
www.csctulsa.org
Prepared for the Tulsa Area United Way Community Investments Process
By the Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa
January, 2007