Chapter Section 25 Section 1 1 Chapter 16 Section 1 Segregation and Social Tensions TheSegregation Cold War Begins and Social Tensions Chapter Section 25 Section 1 1 Focus Question How were the civil and political rights of certain groups in America undermined during the years after Reconstruction? In the course of the Gilded Age, the equal rights extended to African Americans during Reconstruction were narrowed. This move away from equality for all had a lasting impact on society in the United States. TheSegregation Cold War Begins and Social Tensions Chapter Section 25 Section 1 1 Discrimination and Voting Federal troops were removed from the South in 1876. Ways in which blacks’ right to vote was restricted in the South: poll taxes literacy tests grandfather clauses violence Segregation via Jim Crow laws became the norm, and blacks lost voting rights. TheSegregation Cold War Begins and Social Tensions Chapter Section 25 Section 1 1 Discrimination and Voting TheSegregation Cold War Begins and Social Tensions Chapter Section 25 Section 1 1 Discrimination and Voting The many strategies used to keep black voters away from the polls were very effective. TheSegregation Cold War Begins and Social Tensions Chapter Section 25 Section 1 1 Segregation In addition to losing their voting rights, blacks also faced widespread segregation in the South and in the North. The constitutionality of Jim Crow laws was upheld by the Supreme Court in the 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson. Still, African Americans refused to accept their status as second-class citizens. Several important leaders emerged and called for equality. TheSegregation Cold War Begins and Social Tensions Chapter Section 25 Section 1 1 Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington was the most famous black leader of the late 19th century. Washington believed that black citizens should accommodate themselves to segregation and build up their own economic resources through hard work. TheSegregation Cold War Begins and Social Tensions Chapter Section 25 Section 1 1 Booker T. Washington TheSegregation Cold War Begins and Social Tensions Chapter Section 25 Section 1 1 W.E.B. Du Bois Some disagreed with Booker T. Washington. W.E.B. Du Bois argued that blacks should demand full and equal rights immediately. Du Bois felt the burden of achieving equality should not rest on the shoulders of African Americans alone. Another black leader was Ida B. Wells, who devoted her life to the crusade against lynching. TheSegregation Cold War Begins and Social Tensions Chapter Section 25 Section 1 1 W.E.B. Du Bois TheSegregation Cold War Begins and Social Tensions Chapter Section 25 Section 1 1 Mexican Americans In the Southwest, four out of five Mexican Americans lost their land after the MexicanAmerican War, despite a treaty which guaranteed their property rights. Las Gorras Blancas, a Mexican American group, fought for their rights by inflicting property damage on landowners and publishing grievances in their own newspaper. TheSegregation Cold War Begins and Social Tensions Chapter Section 25 Section 1 1 Las Gorras Blancas (The White Caps) TheSegregation Cold War Begins and Social Tensions Chapter Section 25 Section 1 1 Chinese Americans Chinese immigrants also faced racial prejudice in the West at this time. Faced with severe job discrimination, some ChineseAmericans started their own businesses. TheSegregation Cold War Begins and Social Tensions Chapter Section 25 Section 1 1 Chinese Americans TheSegregation Cold War Begins and Social Tensions Chapter Section 25 Section 1 1 Women Prior to the Civil War, women played a large role in reform movements, including the call to abolish slavery. Leaders wanted to further the rights of women and were disappointed when women were not included in the 14th and 15th Amendments. Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton formed the National Woman Suffrage Association in 1869. TheSegregation Cold War Begins and Social Tensions Chapter Section 25 Section 1 1 Susan B. Anthony • Susan B. Anthony voted in an election in 1872 and was arrested. • Awaiting trial, she toured the nation, delivering a powerful speech on the issue. Activists did not secure women’s suffrage during the 19th century. TheSegregation Cold War Begins and Social Tensions