I- SEARCH
“WHEN I GROW UP”
Unit Question: What’s out there for
me?
SWBAT• Define Plagiarism
• Explain the difference between references
• Write citations in MLA format for a variety of sources
OBJECTIVES
Plagiarism
CAN WORDS OR PHRASES REALLY BE
STOLEN?
DON’T WRITE THIS
According to U.S. law, the answer is yes. In the
United States and many other countries, original
ideas are considered intellectual property, and are
protected by copyright laws, just like original
inventions.
• Almost all forms of expression fall under
copyright protection as long as they are
recorded in some media (such as a book or a
computer file).
http://plagiarism.org/
ACCORDING TO THE MERRIAM-WEBSTER
ONLINE
, TO “PLAGIARIZE” MEANS
DICTIONARY
 to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own
 to use (another's production) without crediting the source
 to commit literary theft
 to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing
source.
So, in other, words:
Plagiarism = Fraud (stealing & lying)
http://plagiarism.org/
ALL OF THESE ARE CONSIDERED
PLAGIARISM:
 turning in someone else’s work as your own
 copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit
 failing to put a quote in quotation marks
 giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation
 changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source
without giving credit
 copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up
the majority of your work, whether you give credit or not
http://plagiarism.org/
DON’T WRITE THIS!
WHY WOULD STUDENTS DO THIS?
 Searching v. Researching… (it’s easier to search….)
 “But their words are better”
 The GRADE
 “Everyone else is doing it”
 Poor planning AKA procrastination
http://plagiarism.org/
WHAT ABOUT UNINTENTIONAL
PLAGIARISM?
How is happens:
1. Citation Confusion
2. Plagiarism v. Paraphrasing
3. “I was just copying my notes”
1. Take detailed notes!!!
4. “I couldn’t find the source”
1. Keep detailed notes!!!!
5. “I thought we didn’t‘ have to quote facts”
1. Common knowledge v. intellectual property
http://plagiarism.org/
SHOCKER--- Attention! Changing the words of an original source is
not preventing plagiarism.
If you have kept the MAIN idea of an original source, and have
not cited it, then no matter how drastically you may have
changed its words, context, or presentation, you have still
plagiarized
http://plagiarism.org/
COMMON TYPES OF PLAGIARIZERS:
SOURCES NOT CITED
 The Ghost Writer”
The writer turns in another’s work, word-for-word, as his or her own.
 “The Photocopy”
The writer copies significant portions of text straight from a single source,
without alteration.
 “The Poor Disguise”
The writer tries to disguise plagiarism by copying from several different
sources, tweaking the sentences to make them fit together while retaining
most of the original phrasing.
 “The Labor of Laziness”
The writer takes the time to paraphrase most of the paper from other
sources and make it all fit together, instead of spending the same effort on
original work.
http://plagiarism.org/
COMMON TYPES OF PLAGIARIZERS:
SOURCES CITED
 “The Forgotten Footnote”
The writer mentions an author’s name for a source, but neglects to include specific information on
the location of the material referenced. This often masks other forms of plagiarism by obscuring
source locations.
 “The Misinformer”
The writer provides inaccurate information regarding the sources, making it impossible to find
them.
 “The Too-Perfect Paraphrase”
The writer properly cites a source, but neglects to put in quotation marks text that has been
copied word-for-word, or close to it. Although attributing the basic ideas to the source, the writer
is falsely claiming original presentation and interpretation of the information.
 “The Resourceful Citer”
The writer properly cites all sources, paraphrasing and using quotations appropriately. The catch?
The paper contains almost no original work! It is sometimes difficult to spot this form of
plagiarism because it looks like any other well-researched document.
http://plagiarism.org/
HOW CAN I AVOID PLAGIARISM?
 First, and BEST, option:
 CITATIONS:
 A citation is the way you tell your readers that material in your paper
has come from another source. It also gives the reader the information
needed to find that source again, including:
 Info. About the author(s)
 Title of work
 Name/ & location of the company that published the source
 Date published
 Page #’s of the material you are borrowing
 When do I need to cite?
 ANYTIME you borrow words or ideas.
 When you quote, paraphrase, use an idea, & when you reference other work
http://plagiarism.org/
HOW CAN I AVOID PLAGIARISM?
Ask your teacher 
Plan your paper & take effective notes
When in doubt, cite sources
Make it clear who said what
Know how to paraphrase (we’ll practice this )
Evaluate your sources
http://plagiarism.org/
CITATION VOCABULARY:
REFERENCES
Bibliography-
Annotated Bibliography-
A list of all sources you have used in the process
of researching your topic.
 Typically includes Author(s) names
 Titles
 Publishing information
 Date of publication
 Relevant page #’s
 One Difference The bibliographic information is
followed by a brief description of
the content, quality, and usefulness
of the source.
CITATION VOCABULARY:
REFERENCES
Works Cited
A works cited page is a list of all the sources, ideas, and/or pictures
from which you have used in your paper.
 WE WILL USE THIS!
 Usually accompanies parenthetical style of citations  We’ll do
this too!
LETS PRACTICE
USING MICROSOFT WORD:
1.
Open a blank document
2.
References tab
3.
MLA 7th Edition
4.
Manage Sources
 Book- The Diary of a Young Girl
 Website- DHM “About Us”
 Interview- John Doe, Manager
of the Dallas Holocaust
Museum
MORE PRACTICE:
WRITTEN CITATIONS (YES, WRITTEN!)
 Use the Cornell Library Reference Manual!
Example 1: Book with one author:
 Author: Mike Conroy
 Title: 500 Comic Book Villains
 City: Hauppauge
 Publisher: Barron's
 Pub. Date: 2004
 Mode: Print
ANSWER:
Conroy, Mike. 500 Comic
Book Villains. Hauppauge:
Barron's, 2004. Print.
PRACTICE: WRITTEN CITATIONS
Example 2- Book with two or more authors:
 Author: Ashton D. Trice and Samuel A. Holland
 Title: Heroes, Antiheroes, and Dolts
 City: Jefferson
ANSWER:
 Publisher: McFarland
Trice, Ashton D. and Samuel A.
 Pub. Date: 2001
Holland. Heroes, Antiheroes, and
Dolts. Jefferson: McFarland, 2001.
 Mode: Print
Print.
PRACTICE: WRITTEN CITATIONS
Example 3-Website:
 Author: Brian McBride
 Title of Host Website: Comic Book Database
 McBride, Brian. Comic Book
 Website Sponsor: Comic Book Database, Ltd.
 Copyright Date: 2007
 Access Date: January 19th, 2010
 URL: <http://www.cmdb.com/>
 Mode: Web
Database. Comic Book
Database, Ltd. 2007. Web. 19 Jan.
2010<http://www.cmdb.com/>.
PRACTICE:
WRITTEN CITATIONS
Example 4- Website (yes, again.
There are so many kinds):
 Article Title: "Surviving the Dust
Bowl"
 Title of Host Website: American
Enterprise
 Website Sponsor: Public
Broadcasting System, Inc.
 Copyright Date: 2000
 Access Date: February 7th, 2010
 URL: <http://www.pbs.com/>
 Mode: Web
 "Surviving the Dust Bowl."
American Enterprise. Public
Broadcasting System, Inc.
2000.Web. 7 Feb. 2010
<http://www.pbs.com/>.
PRACTICE MORE:
Go to my website
Click “Copies of Class Notes”
Click “Interactive Citation Tutorial”
MLA FORMAT! Follow directions.
SUM- IT-UP
 Plagiarism The intentional OR unintentional act of using someone else's
words, thoughts, or ideas as your own without properly giving
credit
DO NOT:
 Borrow ideas, words, or facts w/o giving credit to those said it
 Use a direct quote without “ “
 Change a few words, or rearrange sentences
DO:
 Use quotation for everything that comes directly from a source
 Paraphrase by restating information in your own words
 Name the source of all information that you use
 Acknowledge the source of info that you have paraphrased.
AND REMEMBER…
 If you didn’t come up with it, or previously think it- It doesn’t belong to
you….
 A research paper is about things you do not know- so, it’s okay if alot of
your paper is cited!
Objectives:
•
Define and evaluate primary and secondary sources
•
Use parenthetical citation on sources
I-SEARCH
TYPES OF SOURCES
 Newspapers
 Websites
 Databases
 Journals
 Magazines
 Encyclopedias
 Books
 Movies
 Interviews
Primary
Secondary
 Original
Information gathered
 First-hand information
by someone else.
Includes most:
Non-fiction books,
Newspapers
Magazines
Web sites
“Straight from the
horses mouth”
For Example: If your topic was- “How are dairy
farmers different today than in the past?”
Primary Sources would
be:
1. Dairy farm tour
2. Interview with a diary
farmer
Secondary Sources
would be:
1. Article about the
changes in dairy farming
2. A film about the history
of dairy farming
3. Website about dairy
technology
PRIMARY/SECONDARY SOURCES
 Consider the questions on the previous slide to decide which of these
sources on the world’s current Solar System would be most useful?
 1. Interview with an astronomer from the local planetarium
 2. Essay by a girl who thinks Pluto should still be a planet
 Our Solar System copyright 2009
 The Planets
copyright 1952
REVIEW:
YOU TRY IT.
 Project: Maya wants to know if
television-viewing habits have changed
in America in the last five years. In
today’s newspaper, Maya finds an
article about restaurants that have
recently installed TV sets at their
tables.
 Statement: The newspaper article is a
secondary source for Maya’s research.
 True or False?
 Project: Juan wants to describe what
life was like for his grandfather
when he first came to the United
States from Chile. Juan is excited to
find out that his grandfather kept a
diary for the first year he lived
here.
 Statement: The diary counts as a
primary source for Juan’s research
 True or False?
EVALUATING SOURCES:
WHEN SEARCHING SOURCES, MAKE SURE TO EVALUATE THEM FOR RELIABILITY,
ACCURACY, AND USEFULNESS.
Expert?
Accurate?
Current (Timely)
Objective (Unbiased)
WEBSITES:
 Check the DOMAIN
 Suffix Matters (.com, .gov, .net, ect)
 What does the suffix tell us?
 Who created the cite?
 When was the site last updated?
DIFFERENT WAYS TO USE SOURCES IN
YOUR PAPER:
 Direct Quote:
 Use when an idea is especially well stated, especially if the exact wording is
historically significant, or when you are reporting a definition. A direct quote will
ALWAYS be in quotation marks and parenthetical citation.
 Paraphrase **most common**Use this as a basic form of taking notes. The is the
form you should MOSTLY use- unless you have a good reason to direct
quote. Paraphrasing does not require quotation marks, but it does
require parenthetical citation.
PARENTHETICAL CITATION
 MLA way of citing in your paper
 Use the author’s last name and the page # in parenthesis
Ex: “Marco Polo discovered that Tiebtans used salt cakes stamped with
imperial seal of the great Kublah Khan as money” (Kemper 70).
 KEY POINTS:
 Parenthesis comes AFTER the “ and BEFORE the period (.)
 If you already name the author in the report, just use the page #.
 If there IS NO AUTHOR, use the title
EX: Steve Kemper explains that during the Civil War, the North sent troops
to attack the South (71).
FILL IN PARENTHETICAL CITATION NOTES
 Mrs. Robinson hates these
Twilight examples. Mark out 1. Bella stated, “I felt my breathing gradually
creeping toward hyperventilation”(pg. 15).
#1 and re-write this: 
Source info:
Author- Stephanie Meyer
Title- Twilight
Publisher- Bantam 2010
City- New York
Page- 15
Then, correct the parenthetical citation if
needed.
ANSWER:
…”(Meyer 15).
FILL IN PARENTHETICAL NOTES
 Mrs. Robinson hates these
Twilight examples. Mark out
#2 and re-write this: 
Source info:
Author- Stephanie Meyer
Title- Twilight
Publisher- Bantam 2010
City- New York
Page- 180
2. Bella explained, “He looked at the
road, giving me time to compose my
face”(Twilight, 180)
Then, correct the parenthetical citation
if needed.
ANSWER: …”(Meyer 180).
PARENTHETICAL CITATIONS:
Most Commonly Used:
 Cite author’s last name and page
number following the quote or
idea in your paper inside
parentheses
 Example: “During the missile
confrontation Kennedy received
widespread international
support”(Friedal 366).
Another way…
 Use the author’s last name in
your sentence, and only the
page # in parentheses
 Example: According to Friedal,
“during the missile
confrontation Kennedy received
widespread international
support” (366).
WHAT IF…
 A source with no author –
 is listed by title, both in works cited and parenthetical citation.
 Example 1: “Responding to ever more urgent demands, he took vigorous action in the
cause of equal rights, calling for new civil rights legislation” (“John F. Kennedy: 35th
President”).
 Example 2: At first, salt was used mainly for storing meat and fish and for making ice
cream (Detroit 167).
 Based up on the “” in the citing, what type of source could this be?
COMMON CITING ERRORS:
 Reminders:
 1) Do begin the parenthetical citation one space after the material
cited.
 2) Do place a period after the parenthesis, e.g., (Freidel 366).
 3) Do not use p. or pp. before page numbers
 4) Do not use commas between the author’s name and the pagination,
or between the title of the work and the pagination.
YOU TRY IT!
 Rewrite the following sentence from Steve Kemper’s article
“Salt of the Earth”, from the Smithsonian, on page seventyeight.
“Throughout history, people have soaked themselves in salt springs,
believing that the salt water makes them healthier.”
 Possible Answers:
 Steve Kemper explains that throughout history, people have believed that
bathing in salt springs would them healthier (78). This is reworded, or
paraphrased
 “Throughout history, people have soaked themselves in salt springs,
believing that the salt water makes them healthier” (Kemper 78).This is a
direct quote
GROUP CONTEST:
 Example 1: DIRECT QUOTATAION TAKEN FROM information from an
article entitled “Mark Twain: The Writer as Pilot” by Edgar J. Burde,
Volume 93, October, 1978. Reference to page 23.
 “….”(Burde 23).
 Example 2: PARAPHRASED information taken from a personal
interview with Benjamin Kendall, a website engineer.
(Kendall).
 Example 3: DIRECT QUOTATION TAKEN FROM information from
the December Mademoiselle magazine entitled “Toss a Penny, Make a
Change.” Reference to page 170. No author given.
“…”(“Toss a Penny, Make a Change” 170).