SOCIOLOGY
CH 2 & 3 REVIEW-Treasure Hunt
Key conclusion of
Harlow’s monkey
experiment
Animals (people)
need human
contact to
develop normally
especially
language &
socialization
What is the
difference
between a
folkway, norm,
more, & law?
Folkway-manners
More-moral rule
Norm-rules of
behavior
Law-could be a
more or norm
More of a penalty
when break a law
What is the
difference between
ethnocentrism &
cultural relativism?
-relativism-value all
cultures equally
Ethnocentrism-my
culture is better
than yours
-evaluate a culture
based on your
standards
What is the
difference between
a subculture & a
counterculture?
-sub-still fit into
dominant culture
-counter-dislike
norms & values of
dominant culture
Give an example of
each.
-sub-Hispanic
Americans
-counter-Hippes
What is the Sapir- How do identical
Whorf hypothesis? twins help
sociologists
-lanague is
understand the
essential to the
nature vs. nurture
development of a debate?
society & culture
Without
language—no
Same DNA but
culture
the differences
are all based on
-people have
nurture or
different
environment
languages---so
people have
different
perceptions of
what is
right/wrong; good
ideas etc
What are cultural
Sociobiologists
universals? Give
believe that:
an example.
Biology makes a
-key ideas that all
difference in how
cultures have/do
people act
Done differently
among all
societies based on
individual values
Ideas:
Rite of passage
Death rites
Marriage rites
Child care
Why could this be
a problem?
-fosters or leads
to racism
One race is
“better” than
another
Give a definition &
example of a
moral holiday.
-you don’t follow
norms on a
particular day
-NY Eve
-Mardi Gras
-Spring break
“girls gone wild”
example
What is a symbol?
Give an example.
-object with
meaning
-cross/flag
Is this part of
material or nonmaterial culture?
Explain
-material-it is an
object that has
meaning within
the culture
Compare real vs.
ideal culture
-ideal-what we
want
Real-what we
have
Example:
-honesty is what
we value, but
some people
cheat
How does cultural
diffusion happen?
What is a
sanction?
How can they be
-relocation
positive/negative?
-education
-positive or
-communication
negative
reinforcement of a
Diffusion=spreading rule or norm
of new ideas and
-positive-smile or
acceptance
award
-negative-scowl or
frown
-detention, ticket
Formal/informal?
-formal-penalty or
award
-tangible item
What are Mead’s
stages?
Imitation
-little kids
-learn roles of
mom/ dad etc
Play
-learn how to
handle other
people like peers
-take turns; share
Team
-work together
cooperatively for
a team goal
What are the 3
pieces of
personality as
described by
Freud?
ID
Ego
superego
Is it accepted?
Too much psych
Sociology deals
more with outside
environment than
what is in your
own head
Informal-feeling or
response from a
person
What is the
difference
between
desocialization?
Resocialization?
Anticipatory
Socialization?
Desoc-lose old
identity
Resoc-learn new
roles
Anticipatorypractice before
you take on a new
role
-student teaching
-college visits
What is the role of
family, peers,
school & media in
socialization?
-see notes
How do games,
movies, books &
media give kids
ideas about
gender?
-see notes
What are the
stages of the life
course?
See chart
What are Piaget’s
4 stages? How do
they help children
learn to become
part of society?
Sensori motorLittle kids-learn by
touching
Preoperational
-young grade
school kids
-learn symbolsnumbers/letters
Concrete
operations
adding/subtracting
-games
Formal operations
-critical thinking
Learn skills to get
along