Today’s Schedule – 4/1
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Outline Emailed to Ms. Hayden?
PPT: Isolationism to War
Videos: Lead-up to WWII Abroad
HW:
– Read 906-913
Retreat in Europe
• U.S. quarrels with former allies over
repayment of $10 billion in wartime loans
• U.S. never joined the League of Nations
• U.S. refuses recognition of Soviet Union in
1920s
– 1933 FDR opened diplomatic relations
Washington Conference of 1921
• England agrees to U.S. naval equality
• Japan accepted as third largest naval power-prob?
• All nations agree to limit naval construction
Washington Conference of 1921
• Nine-Power Treaty - Open Door Policy
reaffirmed
• Five-Power Treaty – 10 year moratorium on
battleship building
• Four-Power Treaty-establishes alliance among
U.S., Great Britain, Japan, France
Kellogg-Briand Pact
• 1920s
– American diplomacy permeated by a sense of
disillusionment
– Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928
• Outlaws war except in matters of self-defense
• What was France trying to accomplish with this?
Cooperation in Latin America
• Coolidge, Hoover, FDR substitute
cooperation for military coercion
• FDR’s "Good Neighbor" policy renounces
past imperialism
– 1933: U.S. repudiates Roosevelt Corollary
• Re-emphasizes the Monroe Doctrine
Isolationism
• Depression shifts focus to domestic affairs
• Rise of militaristic regimes threatens war
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Germany
Italy
Japan
The Lure of Pacifism and Neutrality
• Most Americans resolved against another
meaningless war
• 1935--Senator Gerald Nye leads passage of
neutrality legislation
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U.S. trade with nations at war prohibited
U.S. loans to nations at war prohibited
• 1937--Japan invades China
• FDR permits sale of arms to China
Rivalry in Asia
• 1920--Japanese occupy Korea, parts of
Manchuria, China
• U.S. Open Door policy blocks Japanese
dominance of China
War in Europe
• FDR approves appeasement of Hitler
• 1938--Hitler seizes Czechoslovakia
• FDR attempts to revise the neutrality acts, to
give edge to England, France
• July, 1939--FDR attacks neutrality acts
• September 1939--WWII begins, FDR declares
the acts in force
The Road to War
• U.S. remains at peace 1939-1941
• Popular sympathy for Allies, distaste for
Germany and Japan
• FDR openly expresses favor for Allies, moves
cautiously to avoid isolationist outcry
From Neutrality to Undeclared War
• 1939-41--FDR seeks help for England without
actually entering the war
– “cash and carry”
• 1940 Election
– "you boys are not going to be sent into any foreign
war"
From Neutrality to Undeclared War:
Increased Aid to England
• U.S. gives or loans war supplies
– Lend-Lease Act of 1941
• U.S. ships transport war supplies
– Naval war
• Eventual consensus that a Nazi victory in
Europe would threaten western civilization
Showdown in the Pacific
• 1937--Japanese occupation of coastal China
• U.S. limits exports to Japan of strategic
materials
– Oil
• 1940--Japan allies with Germany & Italy
Showdown in the Pacific: Pearl Harbor
• 1941--U.S.-Japanese negotiations
• Japan’s demands:
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free hand in China
restoration of normal trade relations
• U.S. demands Japanese troops out of
China
• December 7, 1941--Pearl Harbor
attacked
• December 8--War declared