Time Line Project
EDUC 7100-2
Evolution of Educational
Technology
Linda Rosemond
Strands 1-6
Strand 1: Toffler’s Waves
 Strand 2: Technology
 Strand 3: Business and Corporate
Developments
 Strand 4: Educational Theories of Learning
and Instruction
 Strand 5: Nature of Society and Culture
 Strand 6: Science/Medicine

Toffler’s Three Waves
Strand 1
Three Waves
8,000 BC – 1780
Agricultural Age
1780 – 1950
Industrial Age
1950 – 2010
Information Age
http://www.lotsofessays.com/viewpaper/1711910.html
Strands 2-6

1900-1910
2) Charles Seeberger redesigned Jesse Reno's escalator and
invented the modern escalator.
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blescalator.htm

2) The first radio receiver, successfully received a radio
transmission. http://inventors.about.com/od/rstartinventions/a/radio.htm

3) Chester Carlson
American inventor, physicist and patent attorney Chester
Carlson—the man whose discovery of xerographic printing would
fuel Xerox’s global growth and forever change an industry—was
born February 8, 1906.
http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventors/carlson.htm

3) The M.H. Kuhn Company, founded in 1903, becomes the Haloid
Company on April 18, 1906 in Rochester, New York, to pursue
the business of manufacturing and selling photographic paper.
http://www.xerox.com/about-xerox/history-timeline/1930-decade/enus.html

4) Dewey publishes Psychology and How We Think describing his
functional theories. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/john-dewey-theories.html
Strands 2-6 1900-1910 Continued

4) Thorndike applies his Law of Effect to human behavior. Strong
behavioral responses for rewards but not for punishment.
http://www.nvc.vt.edu/alhrd/Theorists/Thorndike.htm

5) Women’s suffrage
http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/suffrage/history.htm

5) Upton Sinclair exposed the meat packing plants in his book,
“The Jungle”
http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/sinclair.htm

6) The fossils of a Tyrannosaurus Rex are discovered by Barnum
Brown in Hell Creek, Montana. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnum_Brown

6) The Wright Brothers make aviation history with their first flight
at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. http://wrightbrothers.info.
Strands 2-6 1910-1920

2) Thomas Edison demonstrated the first talking motion
picture. http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bledison_timeline.htm

2) The superheterodyne radio circuit invented by Edwin
Howard Armstrong.Today, every radio or television set
uses this invention.
http://inventors.about.com/od/astartinventors/a/Armstrong.htm

3) Mary Phelps Jacob invents the bra.
http://inventors.about.com/od/bstartinventions/a/brassiere.htm

3) The pop-up toaster invented by Charles Strite.
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bltoaster.htm

4)Gestalt Psychology influences the Progressive
Movement. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestalt_psychology

4) Thorndike’s Connectionism or Learning = Stimulus Response
became the leading educational psychology.
http://www.nvc.vt.edu/alhrd/Theorists/Thorndike.htm
Strands 2-6 1910-1920 Cont..

5) Women started to wear more comfortable
clothing. http://www.greatestlook.com/advice/revealing_fashions.html

5) Ballroom dancing was a popular dance.

6) Halley’s commit is observed photographically for
the first time. http://www.theskyscrapers.org/content471.html.

6) British physicist Ernest Rutherford discovers the
concept of radioactive half life.
http://www.examiner.com/ballroom-dancing-in-orlando/lady-duff-gordonbritish-fashion-icon-1910-s-who-shaped-ballroom-glamour
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/chemistry/generalchemistr
y/atomic/BasicStructure/ErnestRutherford/ErnestRutherford.htm
Strands 2-6 1920-1930

2) Artificial life begins -- the first robot built.
http://inventors.about.com/od/rstartinventions/a/RobotStory.htm

2) Garrett A Morgan invents a traffic signal.
http://inventors.about.com/od/mstartinventors/a/Garrett_Morgan.
htm

3) Clarence Birdseye invents frozen food.
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blfrfood.htm

3) Eduard Haas III invents PEZ candy.
http://inventors.about.com/od/foodrelatedinventions/a/pez_candy
.htm

4) Pavlov proposed Classical Conditioning
http://web.mst.edu/~psyworld/classical_conditioning.htm
Strands 2-6 1920-1930 Cont..

4) Piaget presents his learning theory
of genetic epistemology.
http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Genetic_epistemolog
y

5) Harlem Renaissance
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance

5) Flappers
http://history1900s.about.com/od/1920s/a/flappers.htm

6) Vitamin D is discovered and shown to
prevent rickets.
http://www.endocrinetoday.com/view.aspx?rid=35928

6) Insulin, which regulates the use of sugar,
is isolated and used for the treatment of
diabetes by Frederick Banting and Herbert
Best. http://www.utoronto.ca/bandb/best.htm
Strands 2-6 1930-1940

2) Harold Edgerton invented stop-action photography.
http://edgerton-digital-collections.org/

2) The electron microscope was invented.
http://inventors.about.com/od/mstartinventions/a/microscope_2.htm

3) At the urging of Joseph R. Wilson, the son of Haloid
Company co-founder Joseph C. Wilson, Haloid acquires the
Rectigraph Company, a photocopying machine
manufacturer that uses Haloid paper.
http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Xerox-Corporation-CompanyHistory.html

3) In order to raise funds for purchase of the Rectigraph
Company, the Haloid Company issues its first offering of
public stock on September 16. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerox
 4) Guthrie's Contiguity Theory of learning is presented.
http://www.southalabama.edu/oll/mobile/theory_workbook/contiguity_theory.htm
Strands 2-6 1930-1940 Cont…

4) Skinner publishes Behavior of Organisms that
repopularizes behaviorists classroom models.
http://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/Home.html


5) The Great Depression
http://www.nps.gov/archive/elro/glossary/great-depression.htm
5) Dick and Jane books were published
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_and_Jane


6) Irene and Frederic Joliot-Curie create the first man-made
radioactive substance by bombarding aluminum with alpha
particles that create radioactive phosphorus.
http://www.nndb.com/people/410/000100110/
6) Du Pont chemist Wallace Hume Carothers creates nylon,
the first completely synthetic fabric.
http://inventors.about.com/od/nstartinventions/a/nylon.htm
Strands 2-6 1940-1950

2) Peter Goldmark invents modern color television system.

2) Konrad Zeus’s Z3, the first computer controlled by
software. http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa050298.htm

3) Chester Carlson receives U.S. patent No. 2,297,691 on
October 6 for electro photography—later called
xerography—the technology that will revolutionize the
world of document imaging./
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blcolortelevision.htm
http://www.freshpatents.com/Electrophotography-dtnewntc399.php

3) Xerography is formally announced on October 22 at the
Optical Society of America Annual Meeting in Detroit,
Michigan—the same year the word “Xerox” is trademarked
for future use. http://www.xerox.com/innovation/chester-carlson-xerography/enus.html

4) Smith and Tyler provide evaluation manual which
dominates educational evaluation for next quarter century/
http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2517/Tyler-Ralph-W-1902-1994.html
Strands 2-6 1940-1950 Cont…

4)The report Education for All American
Youth restates perspectives of Cardinal
Principals of secondary Education and
declares “no aristocracy of subjects”
including science.
http://www.oise.utoronto.ca/research/edu20/moments/1918cardi
nal.html

5)WW II: United States became a
super power. http://www.lilithezine.com/articles/politics/United-States-of-America.html

5)Scrap drives/victory gardens
http://www.lilith-ezine.com/articles/politics/United-States-of-America.html
Strands 2-6 1940-1950 Cont…

6) The U.S. government establishes the
Manhattan Project, led by Robert
Oppenheimer, to coordinate ongoing
American efforts to design and build the
atomic bomb.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_Project

6)Doctors begin to use the pap test to
detect cervical cancer.
http://www.cancercare.org.cy/EN/public_information/early_detect
ion/pap_test.html
Strands 2-6 1950-1960

2) Charles Ginsburg invented the first video tape
recorder (VTR).
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blvideo.htm

2) The first computer hard disk was used.
http://www.yourdictionary.com/computer/hard-disk

3) The first nonstick teflon pan produced.
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blteflon.htm

3) The Haloid Company and The Rank
Organisation plc (UK) form Rank Xerox as a joint
venture to manufacture and market Haloid (later
Xerox) equipment initially in Europe and
eventually in Africa and Asia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rank_Xerox

4) Benjamin Bloom proposed the Taxonomy of
Educational Objectives, also known as Blooms
Taxonomy. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom's_Taxonomy
Strands 2-6 1950-1960 Cont…

4) Soviet union launched Sputnik I. It accelerated
public funding and support for science education.
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/sputnik.

5) Baby Boomers.

5) Racial segregationis ruled unconstitutional in
public schools by the U.S. Supreme
Court. http://www.1920-30.com/politics/racial-segregation.html

6) Narinder Kapany (England) develops fiber optics.
http://www.babyboomers.com
http://www.nriinternet.com/NRI_Sciectists/USA/A_Z/K/Kaplany/index.htm

6) Temporary artificial heart invented by Willem
Kolff. http://www.nnp.org/nni/Publications/Dutch-American/kolff.html
Strands 2-6 1960-1970


2) The computer mouse invented by Douglas
Engelbart. http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa081898.htm
2) The first computer with integrated circuits made.
http://nobelprize.org/educational/physics/integrated_circuit/history

3) Permanent-press fabric invented.
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blfabric.htm

3) We begin recovering metals from used
photoreceptor drums for use in new products,
improving the reuse of natural resources and
lowering the amount of hazardous heavy metals
bought, handled and processed.
http://naturalresourcerecovery.com.

4) Robert Gagné published first edition of "The
Conditions of Learning" that describes five domains
of learning: verbal information, intellectual skills,
psychomotor skills, attitudes, and cognitive s.
http://www.keele.ac.uk/depts/aa/landt/lt/docs/atid.htm
Strands 2-6 1960-1970 Cont…

4)Bruner publishes Toward a Theory of Instruction where
he introduces Constructivist Learning Theory.
http://www.patsula.com/usefo/webbasedlearning/tutorial1/learning_theori
es_full_version.html


5) College campuses became centers of debate and scenes
of protest more than ever before. http://www.192030.com/politics/racial-segregation.html.
5) Crew cuts on men and bouffant hairstyles on women.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouffant

6) Mariner II, the first interplanetary probe, reaches Venus.
http://www.happynews.com/living/space/nasa-expeditions-venus.htm

6) The sedative Valium (chlordiazepoxide) is developed by
Roche labs. http://www.forbes.com/2005/10/03/valium-inventor-diescx_mh_1003autofacescan03.html?feed=rss_personalfinance_philanthropy
Strands 2-6 1970-1980

2)The floppy disc invented by Alan Shugart.
http://inventors.about.com/od/computersandinternet/a/FloppyDisk.htm

2)The microprocessor invented by Faggin, Hoff and Mazor.
http://inventors.about.com/od/mstartinventions/a/microprocessor.htm

3)Xerox PARC—opens in Palo Alto, California, with a worldclass team of experts in information and physical sciences
http://www.microglyphs.com/english/html/dataglyphs.shtml

3)The Xerox Research Centre of Canada (XRCC)—
established as an exploratory chemistry research center for
Xerox Corporation.http://www.xerox.com/innovation/businesstechnology-research/frca.html

4) Sternberg publishes Intelligence, Information Processing,
and Analogical Reasoning, informing a Triarchic Learning
Theory. http://wilderdom.com/personality/L22SternbergTriarchicTheory.html
Strands 2-6 1970-1980 Cont…

4) Michael Moore proposes the theory of transactional
distance. Transactional distance has become one of the
leading theories in the field of distance education.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transactional_distance



5) Many of the "radical" ideas of the 60's gained wider
acceptance in the new decade, and were mainstreamed into
American life and
culture. http://www.uhsalumni.com/1958/70sdecade.html
5) People from Third World countries came to this country
in search of economic betterment or to escape political
repression. http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/third_world_countries.htm
6) The antidepressant Prozac (fluoxetine) is developed by
Bryan B. Malloy (Scotland) and Klaus K. Schmiegel (US).
http://www.ihmsisters.org/www/Alumni_and_Reunions/previousschooldec09.asp

6) The accidental release of anthrax spores at a Soviet
bioweapons facility in Sverdlovsk.
http://www.teachervision.fen.com/year/1979.html
Strands 2-6 1980-1990

2)The Apple Macintosh was invented.
http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa051599.htm

2) Digital cellular phones were invented.
http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa072199.htm

3)Foreseeing the tremendous growth and utility
of the Internet, Xerox registers www.xerox.com—
the seventh ".com" top-level domain name to be
registered with the Department of Defense.
http://docushare.xerox.com/index.html

3)Fifty years after Chester Carlson produced the
first xerographic image in his Astoria, Queens,
New York lab, our 50 Series copiers launch to
recognize his game-changing achievement.
http://docushare.xerox.com/index.html
Strands 2-6 1980-1990 Cont…

4) Gardner publishes Art, Mind and Brain in which he
introduces his Multiple Intelligences Learning
Theory.
http://www.thomasarmstrong.com/multiple_intelligences.php

4) National Commission on Excellence in Education
publishes A Nation at Risk. It emphasized a return to
the basics as a solution.
http://www2.ed.gov/pubs/NatAtRisk/index.html

5) Binge buying and credit became a way of life.
http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade80.html.

.
5) Cable and MTV were created.
http://www.yourdictionary.com/answers/who/whocreated-mtv.html.
Strands 2-6 1980-1990 Cont…

6) The El Niño phenomenon disrupts
global weather patterns.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/e
lnino

6) France and China permit use of
"morning-after" birth-control drug RU486
(Mifepristone).
http://topics.cnn.com/topics/feeds/rss/birt
h_control
Strands 2-6 1990-2000

2) The World Wide Web and Internet protocol (HTTP) and
WWW language (HTML) created by Tim Berners-Lee.
http://inventors.about.com/od/istartinventions/a/internet.htm

2)Web TV was invented.

3)Xerox and Fuji Xerox form Xerox International Partners
to market digital marking engines, desktop and workgroup
printers, and digital copiers to original equipment
manufacturers worldwide. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuji_Xerox

3)Xerox partners with IBM to announce a technology and
marketing agreement that marries IBM's Lotus Notes and
Domino electronic document management environment
with the Xerox Document Centre family./
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bl_web_tv.htm
http://www.office.xerox.com/multifunction-printer/colormultifunction/docucolor-242-252260/enus.html?source=105688&CMP=KNCXOGUS&HBX_PK=Document_Center&HBX_OU=51&ADGRP=multifunction
Strands 2-6 1990-2000 Cont…

4) Lave & Wenger (1991) illustrate how people
acquire knowledge through engagement in the
context of everyday activities. http://www.learningtheories.com/situated-learning-theory-lave.html

4) Gardner (1993) proposes seven distinct form of
intelligence including linguistic, musical, logicalmathematical, spatial, body-kinesthetic,
intrapersonal and interpersonal.
http://www.infed.org/thinkers/gardner.htm

5) Gulf War
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/gulf.

5) About eighty-three and one-half percent of the
population in 1999 completed four years of high
school as opposed to only forty-one percent in 1960.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2001/dropout/HighSchoolRates3.asp
Strands 2-6 1990-2000 Cont…

6) The FDA approves use of the surgicallyimplanted contraceptive Norplant.
http://www.hli.org/index.php/abortifacients/254?task=view

6) Dr. Ian Wilmut and his team clone the
world's first sheep from adult cells. The
lamb born in July 1996 is named Dolly.
http://www.salon.com/feb97/news/news2970224.html
Strands 2-6 2000-2010

2) On October 23, 2001 Apple Computers publicly
announced their portable music digital player the
iPod, created under project codename Dulcimer.
http://inventors.about.com/od/istartinventions/a/iPod.htm


2) A new computer interface called the sixth sense is
created. http://theviewspaper.net/sixth-sense-technology-willrevolutionize-the-world.
3) Xerox achieves the 10,000th installation of our
reliable, globally trusted DocuColor 2000 Series
press. http://www.outputlinks.com/html/news/news02848.shtml


3) Adding to Xerox solutions portfolio, we acquire
XMPie, a leading provider of variable information
software. http://www.xmpie.com/image-personalization
4) Jeroen J G Van Merrienboer refines the FourComponent Instructional Design System (4C/IDmodel) he developed early in 1992.
http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/sat1.html
Strands 2-6 2000-2010 Cont…

4) David Wiley develops Learning Object Design and
Sequencing Theory (LODAS). http://davidwiley.org

5) Bombing of the twin towers

5) Obama became president
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Center
http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/candidates/barack.obama.html

6) "I love you" virus disrupts computers worldwide
(May 14). http://www.jrwhipple.com/virus_iloveyou.html

6) Report by National Academy of Sciences
announces that global warming is on the rise.
Leading scientists reaffirm mainstream view that
human activity is largely responsible (June 6).
http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/globalchange/global_warming/03.html