2009 Nevada PRIMA Conference
60 Safety Topics
In 60 Minutes
Today’s Presenter:
Jeff Skog, CSP, ARM
Risk Management Consultant
Midwest Employers Casualty Company
o 22 years experience in safety and risk management
o Certified Safety Professional (CSP)
o Associate in Risk Management (ARM)
o Former President of the Society of Casualty Safety
Engineers (SCSE)
o Safety Professional of the Year – 2005 (SCSE)
Objectives
• Review 60 Safety Topics in 60 Minutes
• Decide which topics you are familiar with
• Decide which ones you aren’t familiar with
• Close the gap
– Ask questions here
– Self study
– Attend course or seminar
– Repeat
Average Total Incurred Costs
Mega Trends
Indemnity
30%
•
•
•
Medical Claim Cost
Inflation
The Aging Workforce
The Obesity Epidemic
Medical
70%
The Aging Workforce
Engineering Solutions
Reduce and minimize heavy lifting
Reduce static standing time
Improve walking and working surfaces
Improve illumination
Review office ergonomics
Utilize hands-free telephone equipment
Employee Health & Wellness
• Provide Employee Assistance Programs
(EAP)
• Provide disease prevention
• Promote healthy lifestyle changes
• Promote health and safety education
• Sponsor health screening
• Sponsor immunizations
Return to Work
OSHA (2008 Fiscal Year)
Most Frequently Cited Standards
• Scaffolding, general requirements, construction (29 CFR 1926.451)
• Fall protection, construction (29 CFR 1926.501)
• Hazard communication standard, general industry (29 CFR
1910.1200)
• Control of hazardous energy (lockout/tagout), general industry (29
CFR 1910.147)
• Respiratory protection, general industry (29 CFR 1910.134)
• Electrical, wiring methods, components and equipment, general
industry (29 CFR 1910.305)
• Powered industrial trucks, general industry (29 CFR 1910.178)
• Ladders, construction (29 CFR 1926.1053)
• Machines, general requirements, general industry (29 CFR
1910.212)
• Electrical systems design, general requirements, general industry
(29 CFR 1910.303)
OSHA (2008 Fiscal Year)
Standards-Highest Penalties Assessed
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fall protection, construction (29 CFR 1926.501)
Scaffolding, general requirements, construction (29 CFR 1926.451)
Electrical, hazardous (classified) locations (29 CFR 1910.307)
Control of hazardous energy (lockout/tagout), general industry (29
CFR 1910.147)
Excavations, requirements for protective systems, construction (29
CFR 1926.652)
Machines, general requirements, general industry (29 CFR
1910.212)
General duty clause (Section 5(a)(1) of the OSH Act)
Powered industrial trucks, general industry (29 CFR 1910.178)
Walking-working surfaces, general requirements (29 CFR 1910.22)
Process safety management of highly hazardous chemicals (29
CFR 1910.119)
OSHA’s General Duty Clause
SEC. 5. Duties
(a) Each employer -(1) shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a
place of employment which are free from recognized hazards
that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical
harm to his employees;
(2) shall comply with occupational safety and health standards
promulgated under this Act
(b) Each employee shall comply with occupational safety and health
standards and all rules, regulations, and orders issued pursuant to
this Act which are applicable to his own actions and conduct
Safety and Loss Prevention
Hazard Control Hierarchy
More
effective
Engineering
Controls
Administrative Controls
Personal Protective Equipment
Less
effective
Fall Protection
• Trigger height
–
4 feet –General Industry
–
6 feet- Construction
• Use a competent person
–
Determine fall protection
requirements
–
Conduct training
Fall Protection
• Fall exposures include:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Walkways & ramps
Open sides & edges
Holes
Concrete forms & rebar
Excavations
Roofs
Wall openings
• Protective measures
include guardrails, covers,
safety nets, and Personal
Fall Arrest Systems (PFAS)
• Use appropriate scaffold
construction methods
Scaffolding
Employees working on scaffolds
are exposed to these hazards
o Falls from elevation - caused by
slipping, unsafe access, and the lack
of fall protection
o Struck by falling tools / debris
o Electrocution - from overhead power
lines
o Scaffold collapse - caused by
instability or overloading
o Bad planking giving way
Ladder Safety
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Use the correct ladder for the
job
Inspect ladder before use
Don’t overload the ladder
Use a ladder on stable and
level surfaces
Tie off straight ladders
Use a 4:1 ratio for straight
ladders
Extend straight ladders 3 feet
above the upper landing surface
Implement a Shoe Policy Program
The shoe policy program
should focus on employees
wearing proper non-slip
footwear
Housekeeping
• Include housekeeping expectations in
worker performance goals
• Create a plan for handling materials
from entry to exit
• Make clear how day-to-day cleanup
will be handled
• Regularly remove wastes and unused
materials
• Make someone responsible for
checking on the status of
housekeeping every day
Personal Protective Equipment
• Personal protective equipment
(PPE) is designed to prevent or
lessen the severity of injuries to
workers
• The employer must assess the
workplace and determine what
hazards may necessitate the use
of PPE before assigning PPE to
workers
• PPE shall be provided by the
employer at no cost to
employees
Respirators
• Respirators protect the user
in two basic ways
– Contaminant removal from the air particulate respirators, which filter
out airborne particles; and "gas
masks” which filter out chemicals
and gases
– Supplying clean respirable air airline respirators, which use
compressed air from a remote
source; and self-contained
breathing apparatus (SCBA),
which include their own air supply
Respirators
• Tips to select an appropriate respirator
– Conduct an exposure assessment to determine the
type and amount of hazardous exposure
– Take into account the factors that can influence
respirator selection such as job-site and worker
characteristics
– Understand the assigned protection factors
– Know the various kinds of respirators and their
relevant characteristics
Forklift Safety
•
Most common forklift-related
fatalities:
–
–
–
forklift overturns
struck, crushed or pinned by a
forklift
falls from a forklift
•
Forklift operation hazards
•
Forklift safety criteria
•
Forklift training requirements
Confined Space Entry
•
Typical Confined Spaces
•
How to Identify Confined Spaces
•
Hazards of Confined Spaces
•
Testing the Atmosphere
•
Permit Entry Systems
Hearing Conservation Program
•
Noise Control
–
Engineering
–
Administrative
–
PPE
•
Noise Monitoring
•
Audiometric Testing
•
Training Requirements
•
Recordkeeping
Aerial and Scissors Lifts
• Electrocutions, falls, and tip
over cause most of the
deaths
• Other causes
– caught between the lift
bucket or guardrail and
object (such as steel beams
or joists)
– struck by falling objects
• Workers can also be
catapulted out of a bucket!
Hazard Communication
Hazard Communication
Defining
HazCom
Labeling
MSDS
Sheets
Written
Program
“Right To Know”
Employee
Training
ACETONE
• Review MSDS’s that
are applicable to your
employee’s job
• Ensure employees
know how to obtain a
MSDS sheet
• Make the appropriate
personal protective
equipment available to
employees
Lock-out/Tag-out
•
Identify and list all sources
of energy
•
Training
•
Safe procedures
•
Lockout Devices
•
–
Locks
–
Tags
Annual review
Machine Guarding
• Guards
–
–
–
–
fixed
interlocked
adjustable
self-adjusting
• Devices
• Location/distance
• Feeding and ejection
methods
– automatic and/or semiautomatic feed and ejection
– robots
• Miscellaneous aids
presence sensing
– awareness barriers
pullback
– protective shields
restraint
– hand-feeding tools
safety controls (tripwire
cable, two-hand control, etc.)
– gates
–
–
–
–
Hot Work / Welding
• Hot work is any work that involves
burning, welding, using fire- or sparkproducing tools, or that produces a
source of ignition
• Test for flammable gases in the work
area before starting any hot work
• Make suitable fire-extinguishing
equipment immediately available
• Assign personnel (fire watch) to guard
against fire while hot work is being
performed
Bloodborne Pathogens
Infection from a
bloodborne pathogen
can result in chronic
infection, serious
illness, and death
Bloodborne Pathogens
Exposure Control Plan
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Universal precautions
Engineering controls
Work practices
Personal protective equipment
Housekeeping
Hepatitis B vaccination
Post-exposure evaluation and followup
• Communication and training
• Recordkeeping
Fire Extinguisher Classifications
Letter classifications are given on an extinguisher to
designate the class of fire for which it will be effective
Ordinary
Flammable
Electrical
Combustible
A
B
C
D
Combustibles
Liquids
Equipment
Metals
Flammable Liquids
• The two primary hazards
associated with flammable
and combustible liquids are
explosion and fire
• Safe handling and storage
of flammable liquids is
critical
– Control of ignition sources
– Proper storage
– Fire control
– Safe handling
Spray Painting
NFPA 33
Standard for Spray Application Using
Flammable or Combustible Materials
• Hazard Controls
– Room protected by automatic sprinkler
system
– Paint booth has sprinkler head covered
by cellophane bag having a thickness of
0.08mm or less (or by thin paper bags)
– Fire extinguisher nearby
– Limited Flammable and Combustible
liquids
– Ventilation and exhaust
– Explosion proof electrical/lighting
– NO SMOKING
Sprinkler Systems
• Cost justification issues
• Occupancies and Commodities
• NFPA 13
– Density and Operating Area
– Water Supplies
• Inspection
• Testing
Kitchen Safety
• Controls
– Sprinkler protection
– UL 300 extinguishing system
in kitchen hood
– Listed baffle filters in the
hood area (no mesh filters!)
– Class K fire extinguishers
– Proper exit routes/means of
egress
– Regular maintenance on
cooking equipment
Emergency Exits
• An emergency exit in a structure is a special exit for
emergencies such as a fire
– Ensure exit lights are working
– Check to see if battery back up is functioning
– Establish replacement schedule for batteries
– Make sure exit signs lead to an exit
NOTE: Emergency exits are usually strategically
located (e.g. in a stairwell, hallway, or other likely
place) with an outward opening door and exit signs
leadings to it.
Emergency Action Plan
Automated External Defibrillator
• Placement
– Visibility
– Accessibility
• Training
– Basic First Aid/CPR classes
• Fire Department
• Red Cross
– Local hospitals
Ergonomics
• Implement ergonomic
solutions
• Reduce
–
–
–
–
–
excessive forces
awkward positions
repetitious activities
extreme temperatures
vibrations
Ergonomic Solutions
Office Ergonomics
Workplace Violence
Prevention Program Elements
• Management commitment and
employee involvement
• Worksite analysis
• Hazard prevention and control
• Training and education
• Recordkeeping
• Evaluation of program
Severe Weather Fatalities
“…heat is by far the number one killer of all weather events…”
Historically, from 1979-2003, excessive heat exposure caused 8,015
deaths in the United States. During this period, more people in this
country died from extreme heat than from hurricanes, lightning,
tornadoes, floods, and earthquakes combined.
Courtesy National Weather Service Forecast Office
Extreme Heat Plus Humidity
Heat Index - A number in degrees Fahrenheit (F) that tells how hot it feels
when relative humidity is added to the air temperature.
HI
Possible Heat Disorder
80°F - 90°F
Fatigue possible with prolonged exposure and physical activity.
90°F - 105°F
Sunstroke, heat cramps and heat exhaustion possible.
105°F - 130°F
Sunstroke, heat cramps, and heat exhaustion likely, and heat stroke possible.
130°F or greater
Heat stroke highly likely with continued exposure.
Tailgating
2-Second Rule
• Use the 2- or 4-second rule
– Good driving
conditions, keep a 2second distance behind
– Poor driving conditions,
keep a 4-second
distance behind
You…as an Employer…
need to know
Motor vehicle crashes are:
• The leading cause of death on the job
– More than 1,300 deaths /year
• One of the largest contributors to WC costs
• One of the costliest but least addressed loss in the
workplace
Important!
Buckle Up
Increasing seat belt usage…
The single most effective short-term way to
significantly reduce deaths and injuries from traffic
crashes
10 Steps to
Minimize Crash Risk
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Senior Management Commitment & Employee Involvement
Written Policies and Procedures
Driver Agreements
MVR Checks
Crash Reporting and Investigation
Vehicle Maintenance and Inspection
Disciplinary Action System
Reward/Incentive Program
Driver Training/Communication
Regulatory Compliance
Trucking
• DOT regulated fleets
• Top three loss causes for drivers
• Vehicle accidents
• Material handling
• Falls
• Safety Program Elements
– Driver selection
– Driver training
– Driver supervision
– Accident investigation
– Recordkeeping
– Maintenance
1-800 Vehicle Monitoring
• “How’s my Driving” Decals
• Incident Report
• Fleet Management Reports
Healthcare Facilities
• Nursing Homes and Hospitals
–
–
–
–
Patient Transfer
Slip and Falls
Violence
Needle Sticks
Firefighting
• Firefighting is recognized as one
of the most hazardous
occupations in terms of death
and injury statistics
• Each year, over 100 line-of-duty
deaths have been recorded in
the U.S. alone; 70% of deaths
are volunteer firefighters
• Many firefighter injuries are a
direct result of preventable
accidents
Firefighter Exposures
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Vehicle
Fires/Smoke/Burns
Struck By
Structural Collapse
Heat Stress
Chemicals
Falls
Needle Sticks
Presumptive Cases
State Presumptive Disability Laws
Firefighters
Addressing Presumptive Cases
• Presumptive controls
– Pre-hire criteria
– Wellness programs
– Exposure reporting
– Post injury programs
Law Enforcement Safety
National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund
Teen Work Injury Statistics
• Many youth are injured on the job
– 250,000 <18-year-olds injured/year in the US
– 84,000 <18-year-olds to the ER for work
injuries
– 70 <18-year-olds die each year
– 90 18-19 year-olds die each year
• Young workers are injured at a higher
rate than adult workers
– Teens may not know which work tasks are
prohibited by child labor laws
– Teens may not receive adequate safety
training and supervision
– Teens may lack the experience and physical
and emotional maturity
– Teens may be reluctant to ask questions
Job Hazard Analysis
• Break the job down into steps
Job Hazard Analysis Worksheet
JHA Number: _______________
Page ____ of ____
Job Description: ____________________________________________________________________
Step 1
Step 1._____________________________________________________________________________
Hazard(s)
_____________________________________
Control Measure(s) Required
______________________________________
_____________________________________
______________________________________
_____________________________________
______________________________________
_____________________________________
______________________________________
Step 2
Step 2._____________________________________________________________________________
Hazard(s)
_____________________________________
Control Measure(s) Required
______________________________________
_____________________________________
______________________________________
_____________________________________
______________________________________
_____________________________________
______________________________________
Step 3
Step 3._____________________________________________________________________________
Hazard(s)
_____________________________________
Control Measure(s) Required
______________________________________
_____________________________________
______________________________________
_____________________________________
______________________________________
_____________________________________
______________________________________
Step 4._____________________________________________________________________________
Hazard(s)
_____________________________________
Control Measure(s) Required
______________________________________
_____________________________________
______________________________________
_____________________________________
______________________________________
_____________________________________
______________________________________
Step 5._____________________________________________________________________________
Hazard(s)
_____________________________________
Control Measure(s) Required
______________________________________
Step 4
Prompt Reporting
Average Cost Per Claim
• Insurance Co. Study
$17,920
– Analyzed 78,000 workers’
compensation claims closed
in 1993
20,000
– Findings
10,000
• Reporting a claim 11-20 days
after an injury increased
costs by 29%
• Reporting a claim 21-30 days
after an injury increased
costs by 39%
• Reporting a claim 31 days or
more after an injury
increased costs by 48%
$16,802
$15,582
15,000 $12,082
5,000
0
Reported
Reported
Reported
Reported
Within 10 Days
Between 11-20 Days
Between 21-30 Days
More Than 30 Days
Weed-out Injuries and Illnesses!
Strains
Falls
Cuts
Direct
Causes
Surface
Causes
Conditions
Lack of time
Fails to enforce
Behaviors
Inadequate training
No discipline procedures
No orientation process
Inadequate labeling procedures
Outdated procedures
Inadequate training plan
No inspection policy
No accountability policy
Root
Causes
Data Analysis
Information to extract
• Identify loss causes and trends;
frequency and severity
• Focus management on the
organization’s Total Cost of Risk
(TCOR); direct and indirect
• Gain support for loss control efforts
• Evaluate potential cost/benefit of loss
control alternatives
• Allocate costs or charge backs for
claims to locations/dept
Cost Allocation
Exposure vs. Experience
ExperienceBased
Exposure
BasedSystem
System–Allocates
–Allocatescosts
costs
toto
departments
a department
only
strictly
on the
on its pro
basisportion
rata
of theirofexposures
past losses
– regardless
and subjects
of small
their loss
departments
experience
to -significant
and does
not allow anyinrisk-sharing
fluctuations
costs from one period to the next
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Experience
Experience
Experience
Safety Committees
• The makeup of the safety committee can vary depending on
the size, type and needs of the organization. Refer to your
state OSHA program requirements, if required
• Consideration should be given to the following when
developing a safety committee
– Safety committee members and structure
• Labor and management partnering
• Represent key functional areas & knowledge
• Diversity
– Possible duties and functions of the safety committee
•
•
•
•
•
Utilize loss analysis for the development of risk control initiatives
Review supervisor accident investigation reports
Conduct periodic safety inspections
Assist in conducting safety training
Listen to employee safety concerns and suggestions
Safety Meetings
Guidelines on effective training and meetings:
•
•
•
•
•
Determine if training is needed
Identify training needs
Identify goals and objectives
Develop learning activities
Conduct training
– Interactive
• Evaluate training
Safety Incentive Programs
Issues at hand:
• Are they necessary?
• Structure
–
–
–
–
•
•
•
•
What to recognize
Who to recognize
How to recognize
When to recognize
In-house or vendor
Budget
Selling the program
Measuring success
Best Practices for Risk Managers
• Set goals and objectives with MEASURABLE
outcomes
• Work in conjunction with department heads and
managers to put safety plans in place
• Share information (losses, incentives, etc.)
• Budget
• Make safety an important part of EACH
employee’s appraisal process
• Monitor, follow-up on, and measure the results
Are there any
questions?
www.mwecc.com
Jeff Skog, CSP, ARM
Risk Management Consultant
Midwest Employers Casualty Company
Phone: 847-683-7251
jskog@mwecc.com