Chapter 8, Section 2
Expanding Public Education
1. For much of the 1800s, the majority of American
school-age students received about how many
years of schooling?
• Less than four years
2. From the late-1800s to the Present, public school
education has fundamentally been under the
authority of what level of government?
• State-level
3. Between 1865 and 1895, many States enacted
laws requiring how many weeks per year of
school attendance?
• Around 12 to 16 weeks
4. Under such laws, what age range had to
attend?
• Between 8 and 14 years of age
5. What subjects were emphasized in public schools?
• Reading, Writing, Arithmetic
6. In 1880, about what percentage of white children
attended elementary schools?
• 62%
7. In 1880, about what percentage of African-American
children attended elementary children?
• 34%
8. According to Andrew Carnegie, society should
provide what to workers?
• “…provide ladders upon which the aspiring
can rise.”
9. By 1900, approximately how many Americans
attended high school?
• 500,000
10. In 1890, approximately what percentage of
African-American teenagers attended high
school?
• Fewer than 1%
11. By 1910, approximately what percentage of
African-American teenagers between the ages
of 15 and 19 attended high school?
• About 3%
12. During the late 1800s and early 1900s,
immigrant children, in addition to a primary
education, also received what?
• Americanization
• In other words, Public Schools were
institutions where immigrant children were
taught and absorbed American culture
13. By the early 1900s, about what percentage
of American young people attended colleges
and universities?
• About 2.3%
14.Between 1880 and 1920, college enrollments
more than what?
• Quadrupled
15. After the Civil War, what were some of the colleges
created for African-Americans?
• Howard, Atlanta, Fisk
16. In the view of African-American educator, Booker T.
Washington, Black liberation from segregation and racism
could occur when what happened?
• Once Black workers received the skills necessary to
compete in the economy
• In short, Booker T. Washington believed that full freedom
for Blacks was tied to Black economic development.
• Booker T. Washington did not believe that Blacks should
demand immediate liberation from segregation.
17. What Alabama college did Booker T.
Washington lead in the late 1800s?
• Tuskegee Institute
• This school in now Tuskegee University
18. W.E.B. DuBois was the first African-American
to earn a doctorate (1895) from where?
• Harvard University
19. In contrast to Booker T. Washington, W.E.B.
DuBois believed that Blacks should call for a more
immediate what?
• Legal and social equality
20. W.E.B. DuBois’s Niagara Movement (1905)
called for what regarding Black education?
• He differed from Booker T. Washington in that he
called for Blacks to receive a liberal arts education
in order to develop leaders to challenge the Jim
Crow segregation system.