Keep It Physical,
Keep It Real
Steven Glaser
Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society
UC Berkeley College of Engineering
Glaser@ce.berkeley.edu
Dense Instrumentation of Full Scale Structure
- Performed through 12+ strong shakings
- 100+ channels of acceleration data per test
30 Motes on
Glue-lam beam
25 Motes on
Damaged sidewall
 2003, Glaser@ce.berkeley.edu
Tokachi Port, Hokkaido
Blast-induced Liquefaction Test
 2003, Glaser@ce.berkeley.edu
Current Application:
Instrument the
Golden
Gate Bridge!
• Have a prototype
structural health
monitoring system up and
running within a year
•Culler, Fenves, Demmel, Glaser
The Berkeley "Smart Dust" Concept
 Spread thousands of wireless sensor nodes casually over an
arbitrary area of interest
 They self-organize into a network conveying arbitrary
information from any point to any other at whatever
bandwidth is demanded...
 ..while operating at incredibly low energy usage (i.e, off
most of the time) to run for years on small batteries and
harvested energy
 ..and being extremely responsive in times
of key activity
 ..without ever bothering you about design
considerations, intended usage, faults,
or constraints
(Stevie wants to be 6 foot tall)
From Culler
Achieving this dream requires a broad-based team
approaching the pieces as part of a system
Students:
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Laurie Baise: PhD – GeoEng; MS - Seismo; Prof. Tufts
Chen Min: BS, MS - EE; PhD - Civil Systems
JianYe Ching: MS, PhD – GeoEng; MS - EECS; Housner Fellow, CalTech
Dom Galic: MS, Appl. Math; PhD - Civil Systems
Jeff Moore: BS – Eng. Geol.; PhD – GeoEng
Albert To – MS – geo; MS – seismo; PhD - GeoEng
Ying Zhang: MS – Mat. Eng; MS – EE; PhD - Civil Systems
Me – GeoEngineering,
Philosophy, driller,
vision thing
Cohort:
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David Culler – computer science, electrical engineering
Greg Fenves – structural engineering, computer science
Roger Howe – electrical engineering, MEMS fabrication
Al Pisano – mechanical engineering, MEMS
Kris Pister – electrical engineering, smart dust
Tim Sands – materials science, microfabrication
Nick Sitar - geoengineering, geology
Private Industry:
• Senera Inc. – remote structural prognostication
• Dust Inc. – microMotes
• INTEL Laboratory @ Berkeley
• Marathon Products – environmental recorders
• Shinkawa Sensor Tech. – rotating machinery health
 2003, Glaser@ce.berkeley.edu
Keep It Physical,
Keep It Real
Current Projects
- Down-hole array
- FireBug
TERRASCOPE - 4-D Distributed
Seismic Monitoring Network
• integration of advanced
technology accelerometers (30
ngrms/Hz noise floor, 24-bit
direct digital)
Local Gateway
- LINUX machine
- high-powered radio
- Ethernet server
- power source
- array aggregator
- GPS
6-D accelerometer arrays
- MOTE as brains
- 24 bit, low noise accel
- 9 bit, high amplitude
- rate gyros
- orientation magnetometer
- pH, pwp, temp
• integration of 3-D rate gyros,
giving 6-DOF dynamic point
measurements
• integration of solar power,
improved batteries, GPS timing,
and ethernet server at the Local
Gateway
• fully dynamic networking, realtime reprogramming and peer-topeer sensor fusion
• integration of magnetometer,
pH, pore pressure, and tilt
• current 1-off price $4000 per
6-D station
Development and refinement of vertical array
seismic monitoring systems
Optional customformed bladder for
open holes
Colluvium
3 -5 m
3-D accelerometer arrays
- 24 bit, low noise
- 9 bit, high amplitude
- rate gyros
- orientation magnetometer
- Mote intelligence
- pH, pwp, temp
3m
yagi
antenna
Local Gateway
- LINUX machine
- high-powered radio
- Ethernet server
- power source
- array aggregator
- link to base server
solar
collector
Alluvial deposits
sands, gravels,
silty clays
15 m
Great Valley Sequence
sandstone
Hayward Fault
70 m
35 m
Franciscan Formation
metamorphosed shale, sandstone
Cartoon of the vertical seismic array and SeisMote
rf does not work well in soils, so we
must use wires anyway
Wires work well for transmitting
power
Relatively simple set of commands
needed for thie experiment
We know where the sensor nodes
are, and they do not move much
A few sensors in each hole
 Glaser@ce.berkeley.edu
Create an
"Instrumentation
Processor"
any analog sensor
COTS
–LINUX machine
–GPS timing
–Power source
–Rf link (high/low power)
–Web server
–16-bit MCU with 14-bit A/Ds
–Bank of progammible gaim opamps
–4 ~ 8 Mb memory
–Power control
–GUI interface
any digital sensor
COTS
COTS
Formatted output
FireBug:
Adaptive Real-Time Geoscience and Environmental Data Analysis,
Modeling and Visualization
Nicholas Sitar (Civil and Environmental Engineering)
George Brimhall (Earth and Planetary Science)
Steven Glaser (Civil and Environmental Engineering)
John Radke (Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning)
Raja Sengupta (Civil and Environmental Engineering)
 2003, Glaser@ce.berkeley.edu
• Drop GPS Motes - field
networks capable of real-time
distributed data evaluation
and transmission
• Helicopter based real-time
topographic and ground cover
mapping
• GIS: real-time updating
from multiple information
streams
•Full data field coupled to real-time burn model
• Visualization and adaptive modeling of observed phenomena returned to
in situ fire fighter
Current accomplishments
• The web/database toolchain works well.
• The “Fireboard” hardware is past its first
iteration and appears to working well.
• Container design for field deployment has been
prototyped.
• Personnel have been Type II wildfire certified
for controlled burns.
• Project has survived personnel turnover and
intermittent participation well.
Top
Bottom
Current FireBug Tasks
• Race/deadlocks still exist in sensor board driver code.
• Weather and air quality concerns limit controlled burn
opportunities. We have to be able to move fast when
necessary.
• “Uplink” details for remote deployment are still sketchy.
Thanks!
Prof. Steven D. Glaser
Civil Engineering
University of California, Berkeley
glaser@ce.berkeley.edu
512/642-1264
The Boss