Bellringer:
• 1. Pick up the papers by the door.
• 2. Update ToC:
– 86: DBQ Analysis Practice: Roman Republic vs.
U.S. Gov’t
– 87: Notes: Rome Expands/Punic Wars
Agenda:
• 1. Bellringer
• 2. DBQ Practice: U.S. Government vs. Roman
Republic (graded!)
• 3. Notes: Rome Expands, Punic Wars
• 4. Rome Glossary Work Time
Homework:
• 1. Read pages 264-268 in your AP TEXTBOOK
PACKET.
• 2. Begin studying for Roman Republic Quiz
(looking to be on the day we study Pax
Romana)
– Will cover:
• Roman Republic Notes (Page 81)
• Expansion of Rome/Punic Wars Notes
• Fall of the Roman Republic/Rise of Caesar Notes
DBQ Analysis Practice:
35-40 minutes
• Read through the documents as you answer the
questions. There is one document that is not
used. Make sure you skip it or the questions will
not make sense.
• When finished, add the following question to
the bottom of the worksheet and answer it:
– WHICH FIVE DOCUMENTS DO YOU THINK WOULD BE
MOST HELPFUL TO WRITE AN ESSAY ANSWERING THE
PROMPT ON THE FRONT OF THE DBQ PACKET?
• If you finish early, work on your Rome Glossary.
Roman Republic Recap:
Geography: Italian peninsula, natural barriers, central
location
Religion: Polytheistic, same gods as Greeks, festivals
Achievements: art, architecture, legal code (12 Tables),
military/tech.
Political: Senate, consuls, assemblies (centuriate,
concilium plebis)
Economics: agricultural supplemented by trade (by sea)
Social: Citizenship, 3 major values, status of women,
Roman family, slavery
The Republic Expands : (350 B.C.E. to 150 B.C.E)
Romans secured
peninsula because of
military colonies and
generous policy toward
the people they
conquered:
•Free from taxation
•Govern their own
internal affairs
•Participate in trade
•Take Roman spouses
•Must provide military
support and alliance
The Republic Expands
Carthage was the dominant political power in north Africa (excluding Egypt),
the southern part of the Iberian peninsula, and the western region of Sicily.
One of their trade networks focused on the mineral wealth of Spain, especially
its silver mines. Carthage developed ports and cities in Sicily and Sardinia to
protect that route.
The Republic Expands
• Between 264 and 146 B.C.E., Rome fought
Carthage in the Punic Wars.
– Reason: Competition for grain in the western
Mediterranean (Sicily)
• Romans burned Carthage to the ground and forced
50,000 survivors into slavery, slash-and-burn, “scorched
earth” warfare
– Result: Rome seized Carthaginian possessions in
north Africa and Iberia (grain, oil, wine, silver, and
gold used to finance imperial expansion)
The Background
• What is Rome’s goal, in regards to surrounding
territories?
• Goal of wars:To conquer the land and expand their
power.
• What is the name of the Roman army?
• Roman legions
• What places will Rome conquer by the 4th
Century BCE?
• The Romans dominate the Italian Peninsula
How the Romans treated those they
conquered:
•
The Romans had different laws for different people
they conquered  some were citizens, some weren’t
1. Neighboring Latins = Full citizens of Rome
2. Territories further from Rome = all the rights of
Roman citizenship except voting rights.
3. All other conquered people = allies. (They were left
alone as long as they sent troops to the Roman army
and did not make treaties with other states.)
•
Rome built a long lasting Empire that spread far
beyond Italy.
Background:
• While Rome conquers Italian peninsula, other
peoples are growing stronger too
– Macedonians defeat Persians in 331 BCE
– Alexander’s Empire grows & divides in 323 BCE
– Carthage gains North Africa, Iberia, Sardinia, Corsica &
Sicily around 307 BCE
Rome’s Location:
• Rome had access to the lands surrounding
the Mediterranean Sea.
• Roman merchants moved by land and sea.
• Traded Roman wine and olive oil for a
variety of foods, materials, and goods.
Rome’s Enemy: Carthage
•Carthage was a large and powerful city that
interfered with Roman access to the
Mediterranean Sea.
•Carthage was once a colony of Phoenicia
(Phoenicians = Creators of the alphabet)
•Carthage was located on a peninsula on the
North African coast.
Background:The Punic Wars:
•Fought between 264 and 146
BC Rome and Carthage fought
three wars.
1.The First Punic War
• The First Punic War was
fought over Sicily and the
Western Mediterranean and
lasted 23 years.
•Rome beat Carthage
•Rome gained control of Sicily
as a result of the 1st Punic War.
Second Punic War
2.The Second Punic War
• Began in 218 BC
•29 year old Carthaginian leader
was Hannibal.
•Brilliant leader who wanted
to avenge Carthage’s earlier
defeat.
•Used 50,000 infantry, 9,000
cavalry, and 40 elephants to
capture Rome.
•Led his troops from Spain across
France and through the Alps to
attack Rome.
•He lost most of his men and
elephants but still pursued Rome
for more than a decade.
•His men seized Roman land, cattle,
crops, and farm houses.
•Romans prevented Hannibal from
capturing Rome
•A Roman general – Scipio
devised a plan to attack
Carthage.
•202 BC at Zama: Romans
defeated Hannibal.
3.Third Punic War
• Carthage was no longer a threat in 149
BCE but the Romans were still angry at the
devastation Carthage had brought to Italy earlier.
•They believed, “Carthage must be destroyed.”
•149 BCE Rome attacked Carthage.
•146 BCE Carthage was set on fire and
50,000 people were sold into slavery.
(“scorched earth” warfare)
Major People of the Punic Wars
vs.
vs.
Results of the Punic Wars
• Rome’s army and navy are
experienced and trained.
• Rome gained control of the
entire Mediterranean area
– including Macedonia, Greece, and
parts of Anatolia.
• The span of the Roman Empire
after the Punic wars was
Anatolia in the east to Spain in
the West.
Rome’s Imperial Expansion Creates Problems
• As a result of conquest, Rome
became wealthy and powerful,
but there were problems in
Rome post-Punic Wars:
– 1. Conquered lands fell into
the hands of wealthy elites
who organized plantations
known as latifundia.
• Owners of latifundia
operated at lower costs
than did owners of
smaller holdings who
often were forced to sell
their land to wealthier
neighbors.
– 2. The constitution had
worked for a small city-state
but would not for a large
empire.
The Problems of Expansion
• 3. Because Rome controlled such a large area the
Republic and their government had to change
– The Punic Wars increased the size of Rome and
increased the power of the Senate (patricians)
– The senate now controlled the army and the
foreign policy
• The nobles gained even more power
• 4. The people Rome conquered became “subjects”
of Rome
– This did not make them citizens or allies of Rome
but they had a governor that was backed by the
Roman army
Problems of Expansion (cont’d)
• 5. Corruption enters the government:
– Some governors took bribes and paid little attention to
the needs of the people
– Tax collectors wanted to take as much money as they could
• 6. Romans also had problems at home
– When the farmer soldiers returned home they found their
farms in ruin and no money to restore their farms
– They had to sell their lands and as time passed Rome
came dependent on importing grain from their provinces
Result of War: More Money = More
Problems
• 1. Many farmers moved from the country into the
cities
– They couldn’t all find jobs and most became dependent on
their government for food
• 2. Trade within Rome’s vast empire created a class
of business people and landowners called equites
– They had great wealth and political influence and the gap
between the rich and poor, the powerful and the
powerless continued to grow
Safari Montage Movie: Carthage