Objectives
• Know the main characteristics of animals
• Know the difference between invertebrate
and vertebrates
• Know examples and characteristics of the 8
invertebrate phylum
• Know the main characteristics of the 5
vertebrate classes
• Know the difference between endotherm and
ectotherm
• Know what fertilization and development are
• Know complete and incomplete
metamorphosis
• Main Characteristics
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–
–
–
–
multi-cellular
eukaryotic (nucleus)
no cell wall
move on their own
consumers
Invertebrates
Invertebrates are
animals without a
backbone.
hydra
There are 8
invertebrate phyla.
leech
sponge
Sea anemone
8 Phyla
• Sponges
• Cnidarians (Coelenterates)
• Flatworms
• Round worms
• Segmented worms
• Mollusks
• Arthropods
• Echinoderms
Sponges
•
•
•
•
•
osculum
Many pores
Move slowly
No gut, no nerves
Reproduce asexually by budding
Regenerate (replace body parts)
Eating:
- Water enters pores
- collar cells filter food
- water is removed by
osculum (hole)
Cnidarians
• Tentacles with stinging
Hydra reproducecells (nematocysts)
asexually by • 2 cell layers thick
budding
• Gut for digesting food
• Nerve net
Coral (live in colonies)
Flatworm
•
•
•
•
Very thin, flat body
Eyespots
3 cell layers thick
Sensory lobes to
detect food
• Some are parasites
• Nerves
fluke
Draw the head of
the planaria.
Label the following
parts:
eyespots
sensory lobes
Roundworm
• Round, smooth
body
• 2 body openings
• Primative brain
heartworm
• Parallel nerve cords
• Parasites
pinworm
Ascaris
hookworm
Trichinella- found in
uncooked pork
slug: no shell
mussel
• Most have a soft body with a hard shell clam: two shells
(bivalve)
• Have a mantle: tissue that produces shell.
• Have a foot: used to move
squid
octopus
cephalopods: head-footed
Annelids (Segmented worms)
•
•
•
•
Body has segments
Have a coelom (body cavity for organs)
2 body openings
Circulatory system, brain and nerve cord
leech
earthworm
clitellum
(helps with reproduction)
shrimp
Crustacean
•
•
•
•
grasshopper
Insect
tick
Arachnids
Jointed limbs
Body in segments (head, thorax & abdomen)
Exoskeleton (external skeleton for protection)
Compound eye
Insect
millipede
Centipede & Millipede
bee
crab
Crustacean
butterfly (Insect)
lobster
(Crustacean)
centipede (Centipedes & Millipedes)
ladybug (Insect)
spider (Arachnids)
starfish
sand dollar
• Spiny-skinned
• Endoskeleton (internal skeleton)
• Tube feet
Tube feet
• Simple nervous system
• Simple eye that senses light
brittle star
sea urchin
sea cucumber
Vertebrates are animals
with a backbone.
There are five classes of animals in the Chordate Phylum.
Ectotherms
– Cold-blooded
– Body temperature can
change slightly with
the surroundings
• Bony Fish
• Amphibians
• Reptiles
Endotherms
– Warm-blooded
– Body temperature
remains constant
regardless of their
surroundings
• Birds
• Mammals
Fertilization
The union (joining) of egg
and sperm.
Can be:
Internal – inside the body
Development
The growth of a new
External – outside the body
organism before birth.
Internal – inside the body
External – outside the body
http://www2.hu-berlin.de/sexology/ECC2/html/fertilization.html
Main Characteristics:
•
•
•
•
Ectotherms
Use gills to breathe
Live in water
Covered with scales
salmon
trout
Sexual Reproduction:
catfish
- Lay soft eggs in water
- External fertilization
- External development
newt
toad
Main Characteristics:
•
•
•
•
Ectotherms
Breathe with gills then lungs
Live in water then land
Breathe through moist skin
salamander
Sexual Reproduction:
frog
- Lay soft eggs in water
- External fertilization
- External development
snake
Main Characteristics:
•
•
•
•
•
Ectotherms
Breathe with lungs
Live in water or land
Covered with dry scaly skin or shell
Shed skin to grow
crocodile
lizard
Sexual Reproduction:
lizard
turtle
- Lay hard shell eggs on land
- Internal fertilization
- External development
Main Characteristics:
•
•
•
•
•
Endotherms
Use lungs to breathe
Live in water, land, or air
Covered with feathers
Have wings
Sexual Reproduction:
- Lay hard shell eggs on land
- Internal fertilization
- External development
condor
Main Characteristics:
•
•
•
•
Endotherms
Breathe with lungs
Live in water or on land
Covered with hair or fur
Sexual Reproduction:
- Born alive
- Internal fertilization
- Internal development
The process of an animal changing forms from an
embryo (egg) or larva to an adult.
Incomplete Metamorphosis
3 stages:
- egg
- nymph
- adult
Nymph looks like the adult.
Complete Metamorphosis
4 stages:
- egg
- larva
- pupa
- adult
Larva looks different than the adult.
The process of an animal changing forms from an
embryo (egg) or larva to an adult.
Incomplete Metamorphosis
3 stages:
- egg
- nymph
- adult
Nymph looks like the adult.
Complete Metamorphosis
4 stages:
- egg
- larva
- pupa
- adult
Larva looks different than the adult.
Complete
Adult
Eggs
Pupa
Larva
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Young frog
Adult frog
Tadpole frog
Complete Metamorphosis
Tadpoles:
Adult frogs:
• Live in water
• Live on land
• Use gills
• Use lungs
• Have a tail
• Have legs
Tadpole
Egg
Egg mass
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Incomplete
Adult
Nymph
Eggs
Click here to return to notes
The process of an animal changing forms from an
embryo (egg) or larva to an adult.
Incomplete Metamorphosis
3 stages:
- egg
- nymph
- adult
Nymph looks like the adult.
Complete Metamorphosis
4 stages:
- egg
- larva
- pupa
- adult
Larva looks different than the adult.