Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
Overview
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Safety Awareness
Recognizing Hazards
First Aid
Protecting the Spine
Treating for Shock
Control Severe
Bleeding
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Choking & Rescue
Breathing
Fractures
Eye Injuries
Substance Abuse
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Safety is # 1

SAFETY must be your number 1 priority
AT ALL TIMES!

ALWAYS remember that work in the elevator
industry can be dangerous to coworkers &
the public
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Safety Awareness
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Other Workers
Housekeeping
Falling Objects
Moving Machinery
Fall Hazards– Open Hoistways
Airborne Hazards
Familiarize Yourself with Hazards of Equipment
You’re Working on
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Workplace Accidents
Construction Industry Accidents
6
OSHA
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Occupational Safety & Health Administration

Compiles data & keeps records of workplace
accidents
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Recognizing Hazards
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Watch out for distractions & carelessness
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Always follow safety procedures
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Typical geared
traction elevator
system
Complicated
piece of
machinery with
numerous
possibilities for
injury
Figure 3-Geared Traction Elevator
Falls and Falling Objects
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Falls CAN be prevented: Use safety
equipment!
Install Lifelines: a wire rope suspended from
the top of the hoistway and extended down to
the pit
Keep your work area clean
Correctly place ladders to avoid slipping or
falling backward
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Falls & Falling Objects
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Avoid reaching more than an arm’s length
when on a ladder
Watch out for falling objects, i.e., concrete
blocks, reinforcement rods, angle iron,
channel iron
On a construction site, wear a hard hat at all
times
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Review Questions
1. To prevent falls, the lanyard on your body
harness is attached to a ________
suspended in the hoistway.
2. (True or False) If you fall only ten or twelve
feet, you will probably not be injured.
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Review Questions
3. (T/F) When working from a ladder, you
should not try to reach too far to the side
because the ladder might tip.
4. (T/F) Falling objects have been responsible
for a number of Elevator Constructor
fatalities.
5. (T/F) Cleaning solvents used in the Elevator
Industry are non-flammable.
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Traction Elevator Machine Room

Tuck in loose-fitting clothing, confine long hair
& remove all jewelry
Figure 4-Geared Traction Machine
 Lockout/
tagout the
main line
disconnect
switch
before
working on
energized
equipment
Figure 5-Motor Generator Set
Fly Ball Governor

Note pinch points where the governor rope
passes over sheave and where flyballs are
spinning around

AGAIN, watch for loose clothing!
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Figure 6Flyball
Governor
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Hydraulic Elevator Machine Room
• Power/pumping
unit of a
hydraulic
elevator is
usually enclosed
with some type
of guard
Figure 7-Hydraulic Power Unit
Hydraulic Elevator Machine Room
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Motor drives the pump directly
No belts
Motor and pump are completely submerged
in oil. The only exposed part is the valve
assembly.
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Figure 8-Submersible Hydraulic Power Unit
20
Review Questions
6. (T/F) A motor-generator set that is not
running may start unexpectedly at any time.
7. (T/F) Loose clothing could become
entangled between the hoist ropes and the
drive sheave of an elevator machine.
8. (True or False) The governor is not a hazard
because it is totally enclosed.
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Review Questions
9. (True or False) Pump drive belts on a
hydraulic elevator must be checked when the
elevator is running to get a true reading.
10. (True or False) Oil in a hydraulic reservoir is
often hot enough to burn your skin.
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Electricity
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Greatest hazard in the machine room
NEVER forget that you’re surrounded by
LIVE electrical equipment
.005 amperes is enough to be fatal
Remove: rings, metal-framed glasses, large
belt buckles, watches, hand tools, etc.
Mild shock can cause you to react & injure
yourself
Introduction to Safety - Trade Skills 105
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There are
numerous
exposed
electrical
terminals on
the back
side of the
controller as
well.
Figure 9- Elevator Controller
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Review Questions
11. (True or False) As little as .005 amperes of
electric current can be fatal.
12. (True or False) A mild shock is not
dangerous because you will automatically
react by pulling away from it.
13. (True or False) When in the machine room,
you are surrounded by live electrical
equipment.
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Hazards in the Hoistway
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During service, it’s often necessary to ride on
top of the elevator car using the car top
inspection station
Always a possibility you could fall from car
top
Due to the chance of entanglement, personal
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Trade Skills 105
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Hazards in the Hoistways
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Fall-arrest system shall never be used on top
of a completed, operational elevator car
unless the elevator locked-out & tagged-out

Electrical and mechanical hazards
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Hazards in the Hoistways
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Covers should be placed over all electrical
terminals and connections
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If you need to remove a cover-- replace it before
leaving
Exposed live electrical equipment
The door operator control box “music box” –
many electrical hazards

Be cautious lighting or convenience outlets
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Figure 10Double Wrap
Gearless
Machine
29
Figure 11- Divided Beam
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Dumbwaiter
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Mini elevator used to transport materials
Capacity is limited by Code based on the
inside net car volume
Not designed/intended to carry passengers
Car gate assembly
If trapped, don’t stand on top of car until you
are certain it can support your weight & tools
and car is equipped with safeties
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Review Questions
14. (True or False) You must be aware of
electrical and mechanical hazards, as well as
the danger of falling, when working on top of
the elevator car.
15. If the elevator is roped 2:1, there will be a
________ ________ on top of the car,
mounted to the crosshead.
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Review Questions
16. As the elevator car runs up or down through
the hoistway, the ________ travels in the
opposite direction.
17. (True or False) Usually, there are no more
than 1¹⁄2 to 2 inches of clearance between
the car and counterweight.
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Review Questions
18. (T/F) The capacity of a dumbwaiter is
limited by Code to 800 pounds.
19. (T/F) Because they are small, dumbwaiters
are not very dangerous to work on.
20. (T/F) Some types of dumbwaiter doors
cannot be opened from inside the hoistway.
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Traction Elevator Pit
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Never jump into a pit
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Use a ladder when pit is below the access point
Never work in a pit with standing water
Always plug tools & portable lights into a
GFCI protected outlet
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Traction Elevator Pit
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Counterweight assembly of a traction
elevator system
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Danger whenever you’re working in the pit
When the car is traveling toward the top of the
hoistway, the counterweight is plunging downward
toward the pit without making a sound— “SILENT
KILLER”
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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
On some
elevators,
compensating
ropes or chains
are attached to
the bottom of the
car and
counterweight

Offset transfer of
weight as the
hoist ropes pass
over the main
driving sheave
Figure 12- Traction Elevator Pit
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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
In the pit of
every traction
elevator you will
see a governor
tension sheave
like the one
shown in Figure
13
Figure 13-Governor Tension Sheave Assembly
38
Figure 14-Pit Stop Switch
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Hydraulic Elevator Pit
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Contains very little equipment
The jack:
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cylinder which may be in the ground
plunger which pushes the elevator up
packing head to seal the oil around the plunger
buffer springs, limit switches
Introduction to Safety - Trade Skills 105
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Figure 15-Hydraulic Elevator Pit
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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
Elevator
Constructors
have been
crushed to death
by improperly or
inadequately
supported
hydraulic
elevators
Figure 16- Elevator Car supported on Jack Posts42
Adequate Lighting
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YOU are responsible for a well lit working
area
Portable lights should be equipped w/ guards
to prevent contact with the bulb
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Shouldn’t be suspended from their cords
Extension cords: good condition, correctly sized,
plugged into a GFCI protected outlet
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Adequate Lighting
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Rough service light bulbs recommended
(filament doesn’t break when you lay the light
down)
Don’t run cords through openings (i.e.doorways) unless protected
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Review Questions
21. (T/F) When working in the pit of a traction
elevator, the counterweight can be a hazard.
22. (T/F) There will usually be a governor
tension sheave in the pit of a traction
elevator.
23. (T/F) The governor tension sheave is not a
hazard because it is mounted up out of the
way.
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Review Questions
24. You must always place the ________
________ ________ in the OFF position
before entering the pit.
25. (True or False) It is possible for a hydraulic
elevator car to move downward without
power.
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Lifting, Strains & Sprains
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Most common injuries in industry are back
sprain and strain
Inspect & clear the route over which you will
carry an object
Don’t attempt to lift more than you are
physically able-- Know your limits!
Wear gloves to protect your hands
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Figure 17- Right & Wrong Ways to Lift
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Lifting, Strains & Sprains
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Strain: muscle is stretched beyond its limits
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Can happen when lifting more than your capacity
For a strain to heal, you must rest
Sprain: tendons/ligaments become torn
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Twisting/turning while lifting can cause a sprain
Treatment may require surgery
Introduction to Safety - Trade Skills 105
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Lifting, Strains & Sprains
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Most serious consequence of incorrect lifting:
spinal injury
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Almost always requires surgery
Recovery is slow
You may never fully recover
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Safest/Easiest Way to Lift
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Get a secure footing
Bend at knees to grasp the object
Keep back straight & as upright as possible
Get a firm hold
Lift gradually by straightening legs, keeping
the back as straight as possible
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Hoisting
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Greatest danger during hoisting: lack of clear
communication
If assisting, DO NOT initiate any action
unless you’re certain
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If you think you hear “STOP,” stop immediately
If you think you hear “START,” DON’T start
hoisting unless you’re certain
Repeat command and wait for a positive response
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Review Questions
26. (True or False) You should keep your back
straight when lifting.
27. (True or False) The most serious
consequence of incorrect lifting is a strain.
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Review Questions
28. (True or False) A sprain results when
ligaments or tendons become torn.
29. (True or False) Treatment of a sprain never
requires surgery.
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Review Questions
30. (True or False) One of the greatest dangers
in hoisting is lack of clear communications.
31. (True or False) You should request
equipment if you feel you need it.
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Your Working Companions

Regardless of personal feelings, your working
relationship must be professional

If you are working high in the hoistway, be careful
not to drop anything

When moving heavy parts, communicate w/
coworkers before you lift, pry, force, or move an
object
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Your Working Companions

Be certain everyone’s hands & feet are clear
before rolling a machine or carton

When moving an unbalanced object (i.e. elevator
platform) don’t let go until the platform is
supported & everyone is ready to let go
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Other Trade Workers
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Be aware of falling debris from other building
trades
New installation-- stay out of the hoistway
when other trades are working above
Watch for the person carrying a plank that
could make a sudden swing around a corner
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Other Trade Workers

Powder activated anchoring devices—
dangerous!
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a hollow spot, called a void-- can allow the anchor
to shoot straight through like a bullet

loudness of the noise can damage your hearing
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Power Tools
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The power tool you will use most of all is the
electric drill motor
Probably also be using a bench grinder,
portable grinder & various power saws
One common cause of injury from power
tools is insufficient knowledge
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Other Causes of
Power Tool Injuries
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Failure to keep guards in place
Failure to properly adjust guards
Failure to wear eye protection
Tampering w/ or removing 3 prong grounding
plugs or pins
Failure to use a GFCI when plugged in even
when using double insulated tools
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Other Causes of
Power Tool Injuries
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Forcing tools; let the tools do the work
Failure to unplug power when
adjusting/cleaning the tool
Using tools for purposes other than intended
Using tools with worn or defected cords
Not on firm footing/not braced properly
Horseplay
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Eye Protection
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Eye Injuries: flying particles, strains & falls,
burns, cuts, abrasions and electrical shocks
Prevention: WEAR EYE PROTECTION!
Non-metallic eye protection should be worn
while working on/near electrical circuits/
electrical apparatus
Wear goggles that cover eyes completely
(made to fit over prescriptions)
Introduction to Safety - Trade Skills 105
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Figure 18- Symbol for Double Insulated Tool
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Always use a
GFCI when
plugged in
even when
using double
insulated
tools
Figure 19- Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
65
Review Questions
32. (True or False) Powder activated anchoring
devices can be very dangerous.
33. (True or False) Powder activated anchoring
devices use a cartridge that is similar to rifle
or pistol ammunition.
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Review Questions
34. (True or False) Other trades are not
permitted to work in the hoistway when
Elevator Constructors are working there.
35. The power tool you will use more than any
other is the ________________ ________.
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Review Questions
36. To prevent eye injuries, you should wear
________ ________.
37. Unless it is a double-insulated tool, all
electrical power tools must be ________.
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Review Questions
38. A ground fault circuit interrupter works by
detecting small imbalances in current
between the ______ and ________ wires.
39. (T/F) Your hard hat should be made of
aluminum because it is very light in weight.
40. (T/F) Electricity seeks the most direct path
to ground.
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Hand Tools

Don’t use any tool for a task for which it was
not designed


Example: never use a screwdriver as a chisel or
pry bar
Must be kept in good condition

Never use tools that are worn, broken, or cracked
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Scaffolds
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Improper use can cause injury
Must be on good footing & properly erected
to be safe
Assembly/disassembly must be done using a
safety harness & lifeline anytime there’s more
than a 6 FT. exposure
Beyond a certain height-- must be anchored
to prevent tipping
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Ladders

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Secure footing and proper angle
Elevator installation & service– must be made
of non conducting material
Wood ladders are most common
Metal ladders CANNOT be used because
they conduct electricity
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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The proper ladder
angle is determined
as ¹⁄4 of the length
from vertical as
measured from the
ladder feet to
location where the
ladder rests
Figure 20-Correct Ladder Placement73
Welding and Cutting

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
Electric arc welding & acetylene gas welding
& cutting are special skills
Unless trained, do not use equipment
May require a permit or license
Require special protective equipment

Example: electric arc welding generates UV light
 sunburns
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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
Recommen
ded lens
shade for
acetylene
and electric
welding
Figure 21- Eye Protection for Welding
75
Welding and Cutting



Wear eye protection, leather jacket for skin
and shoes high enough to cover ankles
If working in the vicinity of electric welding,
never look at the arc– can cause temporary
or permanent blindness
Keep away from acetylene gas cutting
operations
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Molten Metals: Babbitt
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Babbitt: alloy of lead, tin, and other metals
Used in some elevator machine bearings and
to secure hoist ropes, governor ropes, and
compensating ropes in their sockets
A full face shield is required when melting
and pouring babbitt
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Molten Metals: Babbitt

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
Water is dangerous when melting babbitt and
will cause and explosion
Don’t use cutting torches to melt babbitt– an
electric pot should be used
Avoid breathing fumes
Pour babbitt in well ventilated areas
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Molten Metals: Babbitt


When replacing babbitt bearings or when
socketing elevator ropes, babbitt metal is
melted and poured
A full face shield is required when melting
and pouring babbitt
Introduction to Safety
Trade Skills 105
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Figure 22- Full Face Shield
80
Solvents and Chemicals

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

Used for cleaning parts and polishing bright
metal surfaces
Check all labels on containers
If, label says “Do not use in confined spaces,”
make sure you’re in an area where fresh air
is flowing
Only use approved solvents

Employer responsible for providing document
Introduction to Safety - Trade Skills 105
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Solvents and Chemicals

DO NOT use any toxic or cancer causing
chemicals


If you’re unsure, ask your employer or local
Material Safety Data Sheet: lists
characteristics, hazards, precautions, and
medical information for any given substance
Introduction to Safety - Trade Skills 105
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Review Questions
41. (True or False) A mushroomed end on a
chisel makes it easier to hang on to, making it
less dangerous.
42. The correct angle of ladder placement is
determined by placing the feet ________
(fraction) the distance out from the vertical
height.
Introduction to Safety - Trade Skills 105
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Review Questions
43. (True or False) The infra-red rays from a
welder are dangerous.
44. (True or False) You should never work in
the hoistway when welding or cutting is being
done overhead.
Introduction to Safety - Trade Skills 105
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Review Questions
45. (True or False) A drop of water can cause
molten babbitt metal to explode.
46. (True or False) Many industrial solvents are
hazardous to use.
Introduction to Safety - Trade Skills 105
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Hazardous Locations



Many elevators are located in hazardous
places
You will required to attend training sessions
Air can be contaminated with toxic fumes and
gases


Paint
Automotive and Aircraft finished
Introduction to Safety - Trade Skills 105
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Hazardous Locations

Never run a gasoline engine in confined
space– gives off deadly carbon monoxide
gas



Sticks to your red blood cells that carry oxygen to
all parts of your body
Ratio of 200:1
Carbon Monoxide prevents oxygen to getting to
vital parts of the body
Introduction to Safety - Trade Skills 105
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Figure 23- Self Contained
Breathing
Apparatus
Introduction to Safety
- Trade Skills
105
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Review Questions
47. (T/F) In many working locations, the air you
breathe may be contaminated with toxic
fumes and gasses.
48. (T/F) You should wear a filter mask when
working near a running gasoline engine.
49. (T/F) Carbon monoxide sticks to your red
blood cells.
Introduction to Safety - Trade Skills 105
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First Aid
Administer first aid ONLY if you’ve been
trained
Strongly encouraged to take CPR class
Take the following steps:



1.
2.
3.

Survey accident scene; is it safe to approach?
Assess the situation; call for help
Person doesn’t respond/is unconscious,
remember ABC
Shout: “HELP—Call 911”
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ABC

A: Airway—Is it open/will it remain open?

B: Breathing– Is the person breathing?

C: Circulation– Check for a pulse
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Protecting the Spine

To stabilize the victim’s head

kneel above the head and place the palm of each
hand flat against the sides of the victim’s head
with the fingers spread against the jaw line
Introduction to Safety - Trade Skills 105
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Protecting the Spine

If you must move the person, use the log roll
technique


With 1 person keeping the victim’s head stable &
aligned with the spine, use as many people as
necessary to roll the victim on his side
Then place a blanket/other improvised stretcher
against the victim & roll him onto it
Introduction to Safety - Trade Skills 105
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Figure 26- Human
Spinal Column
Introduction to Safety - Trade Skills 105
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Protecting the Spine

If victim’s head is twisted to 1 side & is not
breathing:


Straighten the head & open the airway
Must use proper technique (requires 2 people)


Grasp victim’s head as before-- palms against sides of
the head w/ fingers spread at the jaw line
Pull moderately upward while other rescuer presses
his hands against the victim’s shoulders to keep the
body steady 
Introduction to Safety - Trade Skills 105
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Protecting the Spine


The rescuer holding the head counts to 3, aligning the
head with the body at three
Support & stabilization of the head must be
maintained to prevent further injury
Introduction to Safety - Trade Skills 105
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Treating for Shock





Keep victim lying down
Elevate his/her feet about 12 in.
Cover with blanket/clothes to preserve body
heat
Don’t give the victim any liquids
Don’t leave the person—in some states you
will be legally charged with abandonment
Introduction to Safety - Trade Skills 105
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Review Questions
50. (True or False) Your very first action when
an accident happens is to survey the scene
to be sure it is safe for you to enter.
51. The ABC’s of immediate treatment stand
for________, ________, and ________.
Introduction to Safety - Trade Skills 105
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Review Questions
52. After determining that an accident is
serious, you should shout, “________.”
53. Every victim of a serious accident,
especially a fall, should be treated as though
they have a ________ injury.
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Review Questions
54. The technique of keeping the victim’s body
in a straight line while rolling them on their
side is called ________.
55. Proper first aid for any accident victim
includes treatment for________.
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Controlling Severe Bleeding




Cover the wound with a sterile dressing and
apply direct pressure
Secure the dressing in place with roller
bandage or adhesive tape
Elevate the wounded part higher than the
victim’s head
Use pressure points when necessary to
control bleeding
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Reduce Risk of Infection While
you Give Care



Avoid being splashed by blood
Place a barrier between you & the victim’s
blood. This can be done by wearing
disposable latex gloves & covering the wound
with a dressing or plastic wrap
Cover any cuts, scrapes, or skin conditions
you may have
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Reduce Risk of Infection


Wash your hands immediately after providing
care, even if you wore gloves. Use a utility
room sink or rest room sink. Do not use a
sink in a food preparation area.
Avoid eating, drinking, & touching your
mouth, eyes, or nose while providing care or
before you wash your hands
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Reduce Risk of Infection


Avoid touching objects that may have been
contaminated with blood.
Avoid handling any of your personal items,
such as pens or combs, while providing care
or before washing your hands.
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Figure 27-
Wash your hands!
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Review Questions
56. (True or False) When giving first aid, you
must take precautions against contact with
the person’s blood or other bodily fluids.
57. (True or False) You can only get AIDS
through sexual contact or shared needles.
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Review Questions
58. (True or False) Hepatitis B can be
transmitted through sexual contact.
59. (True or False) Hand washing plays a very
important role in disease prevention.
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Review Questions
60. (True or False) Hepatitis A is often
transmitted by food-handling personnel
through inadequate hand washing.
61. (True or False) Direct pressure is usually
ineffective in controlling bleeding.
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Review Questions
62. The surest indication that you have
correctly located a pressure point is that you
will feel a ________.
63. Always treat the victim of severe bleeding
for ________.
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Choking



If coughing, encourage him/her to continue
Ask, “Are you choking?” Person will usually
nod his/her head
Give quick upward thrust to the abdomen,
just above navel until airway is cleared
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To Give Abdominal Thrusts
Stand behind the victim
1.


Wrap your arms around the person, slightly
above the waist w/ the thumb side of your fist
just above the navel
Grab your fist with your other hand.
2. Give quick, sharp upward thrusts
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To Give Abdominal Thrusts
3. Continue until object is dislodged or the
person becomes unconscious
4. If technique doesn’t work, get professional
help immediately
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Rescue Breathing

Steps for rescue breathing:
1. With the head tilted back and the chin lifted, pinch
the nose shut

Not necessary to pinch nose when using a mask
2. Give two slow breaths


Blow breath in gently until you see the chest rise
For infant, breathe in only the amount of air you can
hold in your cheeks to avoid damaging the infant’s
respiratory system.
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Steps for Rescue Breathing
3. Check for a pulse
4. If the pulse is present but the person is still
not breathing, give one slow breath every 5
seconds. Do this for about one minute
5. Recheck pulse and breathing about every
minute
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Steps for Rescue Breathing
6. Continue until the person starts to breathe on
his own or until professional help arrives
7. If at any time a pulse is not detected, you
must begin CPR immediately
8. If your efforts are successful and the person
revives, they must still go to a hospital to be
evaluated
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What if air won’t go in?

Tilt the person’s head and try again
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What if the airway is still
blocked?



With the victim lying on his back, kneel facing
the victim’s head with your knees straddling
one of the victim’s legs. (It doesn’t matter
which leg you straddle.)
Place the heel of one hand against the
middle of the abdomen just above the navel
Give 5 abdominal thrusts
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Airway is Still Blocked



Grasp the person’s lower jaw and tongue with
your thumb and forefinger and sweep out the
mouth with the forefinger of your other hand.
Wear latex gloves if you can.
Tilt the head back, lift the chin and continue
giving breaths
Repeat breaths, thrusts, and sweeps until
your breaths go in
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Review Questions
64. (True or False) If a choking person is
coughing, you should slap them on the back.
65. (True or False) If a person appears to be
choking, you should ask, “Are you choking?”
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Review Questions
66. (True or False) To begin the Heimlich
Maneuver, you must stand facing the person.
67. (True or False) You should keep repeating
the Heimlich Maneuver until the object is
dislodged or the person loses consciousness.
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Review Questions
68. Direct mouth to mouth contact is
discouraged because of the possibility of
________ ________.
69. What used to be called mouth to mouth
resuscitation is now called ________
________.
70. If the victim has no pulse, you must perform
________.
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Review Questions
71. (True or False) If air will not go in, you
should give up and call an ambulance.
72. (True or False) One of the steps to clearing
the airway is to pull the jaw forward and
sweep the mouth with your forefinger.
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Fractures



Treat for shock
Immobilize the fracture, if you know how
Arrange for prompt transport to a medical
facility
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Review Questions
73. (True or False) The main purpose of a
splint applied to a fracture is immobilization.
74. After applying a splint, recheck ________
beyond the fracture.
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Review Questions
75. (True or False) The best splint for a
fractured foot is a pillow.
76. If a person falls, you should always treat for
a ________ injury.
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Review Questions
77. (True or False) Fractures of the hip or knee
can cut off the circulation of blood to the
lower leg.
78. (True or False) Fractures of the pelvis are
serious primarily because the legs are
attached to it.
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Eye Injuries


Chemical in Eye: Start flushing with water
immediately and continue flushing until
professional help arrives
Particles in Eye: Flush with eye irrigating
solution or with clean water


Flush away from the nose, toward the cheek.
Do not probe with finger or cotton swab.
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Burns





Thermal: Result from direct contact with hot
solids, liquids and gases
Smother flames, if clothing is on fire
Don’t attempt to remove cloths from burned
areas
Don’t apply salves or greasy substances
Cover burn with dry sterile dressings or any
available clean cloth
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Burns





Chemical: result from contact with acids or
caustic chemicals
Toxic fumes may be present
Require immediate action
Flush area with a free flow of water
Remove contaminated clothes
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Burns - Dry Lime

Exception: Dry Lime– NEVER flush with
water

Brush off as much as possible and go to a
medical facility
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Burns




Electrical: are always serious—internal
damage may be severe
Should go to a medical facility for evaluation
and monitoring
Live wires/electrically charged equipment
may still be present—TURN OFF POWER
Check victim for signs of breathing and
pulse—Do your ABCs
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Review Questions
79. (T/F) A particle in the eye is best removed
using a cotton swab.
80. (T/F) To dislodge a particle from an eye,
flush inward from cheek to nose.
81. The burn from contact with a hot liquid,
solid, or gas is called a ________ burn.
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Review Questions
82. (True or False) Dry lime, such as that used
in mortar, should be flushed off with water.
83. If a person comes in contact with live
electrical equipment, the first thing you do is
________ ________ _______ ________.
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Substance Abuse

Alcohol is the most abused substance on the
job




Don’t drink on the job
Don’t work if you’ve been drinking
Don’t work with other people that are/have been
drinking
No illegal or legal drugs

Read all labels, even on over the counter
medicines
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Summary
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Learn the hazards
Learn the appropriate safety equipment you
need to protect yourself from certain specific
hazards
Use the safety equipment furnished
Follow safety rules and safe practice
Ask questions anytime you’re not sure
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Summary
1.
2.
3.
4.
Don’t engage in horseplay– take safety
seriously
Don’t work if you’ve been using
alcohol/drugs
Refuse to work with anyone who’s been
using alcohol/drugs
Think safety at all times
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