Exam 2 for 50points
1. Differentiate between Founder and Bottleneck effects.
2. Mention two limitations of natural selection
3. Differentiate between Lamarck and Darwin theory of evolution
4. Explain industrial melanism
5. Differentiate between pre and post zygotic isolating mechanisms with one example of
mechanism for each type
6. Give an example of how phylogenetic studies can be used to understand evolution.
7. Differentiate between lytic and lysogenic cycles of virus reproductive stages
8. Differentiate between virion and viriod
9. Name the three mechanisms via which prokaryotes can transfer their DNA.
10. What is the main difference between Gymnosperms and Angiosperms?
11. Match the following:
Gram staining (
)
a. Choanoflagellates
HIV
(
)
b. Deuteromycetes
Tuberculosis (
)
c. Zoospores
Diatoms
(
)
d. Yeast
Red tide
(
)
e. Peptidoglycan
Commensal (
)
f. Foraminifera
Animal ancestors (
)
g. Prokaryotes
Imperfect fungi (
)
h. Rusts and Smuts
Basidiomycetes (
)
i. one partner is not harmed
Ascomycetes
)
j. Silica
(
Lime stone
Rhizopus
(
)
(
k. AZT inhibitors
)
l. Dinoflagellate
12. What is a Prion?
13. Isotope dating is a technique used in
a. Carbon fixation studies, b. dating of microfossils, c. study of biomarkers, d. all of the
above
14. A chemolithoautotroph bacterium gets its carbon from _________ and its energy from
___________ a. carbon dioxide; sunlight, b. organic molecules; organic molecules, c.
carbon dioxide; inorganic molecules, d. organic molecules; sunlight
15. Which of the following diseases is not caused by bacteria?
a. Peptic ulcers b. the flu, c. Tuberculosis, d. Dental carries
16. Which of the following processes involves removal of toxic compounds from the
environment using a bacterial species?
a. Commensalism, b. Decomposition, c. Nitrogen fixation, d. Bioremediation
17. A protest that lacks mitochondria would most likely be classified with the
a. Rhodophyta , b. Parabasalida, c. Euglenozoa, d. Stramenophila
18. Which flagella group has fine hairs?
a. Chlorophyta, b. Eulgenozoa, c. Alveolata, d. Stramenophila
19. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a fungus?
a. Cell walls made of chitin
b. A form of mitosis different from plants and animals
c. Ability to conduct photosynthesis
d. Filamentous structure
20. Which of the following is correct regarding the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae?
a. It reproduces asexually by a process called budding.
b. It produces an ascocarp during reproduction.
c. It belongs to Deuteromycetes
d. All of the above are correct
26. Differentiate between arbuscular and ectomycorrhizae.
27. The Hardy-Weinberg equations only hold true, that is, a population is only in equilibrium
A. when immigration in and out of the area are held constant.
B. when changes only take place over long periods of time.
C. when it includes episodes of extinction.
D. when the population is designed to survive in new habitats.
E. when all of the Hardy-Weinberg assumptions are met.
28. The wings of birds and butterflies are examples of structures that resemble each other and
have similar function, but are the result of parallel evolution in separate lineages. These
structures are called
A. analogous structures.
B. homologous structures.
C. vestigial structures.
D. embryonic structures.
E. homozygous structures.
29. Natural selection as a mechanism of evolution that acts on variants within populations and
ultimately leads to the evolution of different species was proposed by
A. Mendel.
B. Lyell.
C. Malthus.
D. Darwin.
E. Founder.
30. Two groups of organisms that differ from one another in one or more characteristics and do
not hybridize extensively if they occur together in nature are considered to be different
A. races.
B. species.
C. kingdoms.
D. hybrids.
E. cohabitants.
31. Of the following, the correct order from largest, most inclusive group to smallest, most
specific group, is
A. species, genus, family, class, order.
B. species, family, genus, class, order.
C. class, genus, order, family, species.
D. class, order, family, genus, species.
E. class, family, order, genus, species.
32. A phylogenetic analysis of HIV suggests
a. a single origin of HIV from primates, b. multiple origins of HIV from different primates
species, c. multiple origins of HIV from a single primate species d. that SIV originated from HIV
33. A paraphyletic group:
a. includes an ancestor and all of its descendants, b. an ancestor and some of its descendants, c.
descendants of more than one common ancestor, d. all of the above
34. Sieve tubes and Sieve elements
a. are homoplastic because they have different function, b. are homologous because they have
similar function, c. are homoplastic because they have common ancestor was single-celled, d. are
structures involved in transport within animals
35. A taxonomic group that contains a common ancestor, but leaves out a descendant group
a.is paraphyletic, b. is monophyletic, c. is polyphyletic d. is a good cladistic group
36. Genome comparisons have suggested that mouse DNA has mutated about twice as fast as
human DNA. What is a possible explanation for this discrepancy?
a. Mice are smaller than humans, b. Mice live in much less sanitary conditions than humans and
are therefore exposed to a wider range of mutation-causing substances, c.Mice have a smaller
genome than humans, d. Mice have shorter generation time.
37. Convergent evolution
a. involves species that are closely related evolutionarily, b. depends on natural selection to
produce similar phenotypic responses in unrelated lineages, c. occurs only on islands, d. is
expected when different lineages are exposed to vastly different selective environments
38. What is Panspermia theory?
39. As a researcher you discover a new species that is eukaryotic, motile, possesses a cell wall
made up of chitin, but lacks any evidence of a nervous system. To what kingdom of life would
you assign it?
a. Protista, b. Animalia, c. Fungi, d. Plantae
40. Kingdom Plantae is being replaced by a new kingdom named Viridiplantae based on
evidence obtained from which
a. Molecular phylogenetics, b. newly discovered fossils, c. Biochemical differences, d. all of the
above
41. Animals are unique in the fact that they possess ______ for movement and ______ for
conducting signals between cells.
a. brains;muscles b. muscle tissue; nervous tissue c. limbs; spinal cords d. flagella; nerves
42. The evolution of bilateral symmetry was a necessary precursor for the evolution of
a. tissues, b. segmentation, c. a body cavity, d. cephalization
43. Which of the following is not true regarding segmentation?
a. Segmentation allows the evolution of redundant systems. b. segmentation is a requirement for
a closed circulatory system, c. Segmentation enhances locomotion, d. It represents an example of
convergent evolution
44. The evolution of which of the following occurs after the Cambrian explosion?
a. Cephalization, b. True coelom, c. Segmentation d. None of the above
45. A coelomate organism may which of the following characteristics?
a. A circulatory system, b. Internal skeleton, c. Larger size than a pseudocoelomate d. all of the
above
46. Match the following:
Parazoa ( )
a. Annelids
Reefs
b. Invertebrate chordates
( )
Flatworms (
)
c. Reptilia
Rotifera
)
d. Birds
(
Coelomate Invertebrate (
)
e. Hair
Tunicate
( )
f. Monkeys
Dry scaly skin (
)
g. Pseudcoelomates
Air sacs
(
)
h. Platyhelminthes
Mammals
(
)
i. Cnidarians
Primates
(
)
j. Sponges
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