Currency
National School Pannala.
Grade 12 & 13
Currency = $ (USA Dollar)
• Haiti
• Bahamas
•Barbados
•Belize
• Bermuda
•Uruguay
•Iraq
•Cambodia
•CostaLebanon
•Liberia
•North Korea
•Somalia
•Timor-Leste
•Zimbabwe
Currency
Dollar (USA)
Buying Rate
(Rs.)
128.95
(13.10.2014)
Selling Rate
(Rs.)
131.82
• The dinar was introduced in 1961 to replace the
Gulf rupee. It was initially equivalent to one pound
sterling. As the rupee was fixed at 1 shilling 6
pence, this resulted in a conversion rate of 13 1⁄3
rupees to the dinar.
• When Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990, the Iraqi dinar
replaced the Kuwaiti dinar as the currency and
large quantities of banknotes were stolen by the
invading forces. After liberation, the Kuwaiti dinar
was restored as the country's currency and a new
banknote series was introduced, allowing the
previous notes, including those stolen, to be
demonetized.
• A 10 Kuwaiti Dinar banknote of the Central Bank of Kuwait.
• To date six series of the Kuwaiti dinar banknote
have been printed. The first series was issued
following the pronouncement of the Kuwaiti
Currency Law in 1960 which established the
Kuwaiti Currency Board. This series was in
circulation from 1 April 1961 to 1 February 1982
and consisted of denominations of 1⁄4, 1⁄2, 1, 5
and 10 dinars.
• After the creation of the Central Bank of Kuwait
in 1969 as a replacement to the Kuwaiti Currency
Board, new 1⁄4, 1⁄2 and 10 dinar notes were issued
from 17 November 1970, followed by the new 1
and 5 dinar notes of the second series on 20 April
1971.This second series was likewise withdrawn
on 1 February 1982.
• The third series was issued on 20 February
1980, after the accession to the throne of Emir
Jaber al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah, at that time
in denominations of 1⁄4, 1⁄2, 1, 5 and 10 dinar.
A 20 dinar banknote was introduced on 9
February 1986. As a result of the state of
emergency after Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, this
series was ruled invalid with effect from 30
September 1991. Significant quantities of
these notes were stolen by Iraqi forces and
some have appeared on the international
numismatic market.
• After the liberation, a fourth series was issued on 24
March 1991 with the aims of replacing the previous
withdrawn series as quickly as possible and
guaranteeing the country's swift economic recovery.
This fourth series was legal tender until 16 February
1995. Denominations were 1⁄4, 1⁄2, 1, 5, 10 and 20
dinar.
• The fifth series of Kuwaiti banknotes has been in use
since 3 April 1994 and include high-tech security
measures which have now become standard for
banknotes. Denominations were as in the fourth
series.
• In both 1993 and 2001, the Central Bank of Kuwait issued
commemorative 1-dinar polymer banknotes to celebrate its Liberation
from Iraq. The first commemorative note, dated 26 February 1993, was
issued to celebrate the second anniversary of the Liberation. The front
features the map of the State of Kuwait, the emblem of Kuwait and on
the left and right side of the note is the list of nations that assisted in
its Liberation, in both English and Arabic. The second commemorative
note, dated 26 February 2001, was issued to celebrate the tenth
anniversary of the Liberation. One feature from the note is an optically
variable device (OVD) patch that shows a fingerprint, a reference to the
victims of the invasion and occupation of Kuwait. Even though they
were denominated as 1 dinar, both of the commemorative notes state
that they were not legal tender.
• The sixth series of Kuwaiti banknotes was announced and unveiled on
19th May, 2014. CBK brought them into circulation on June 29, 2014,
with the current ones continuing to be circulated as they are gradually
withdrawn from the market. Some of the bills are coarse so that the
blind can identify them by touch.
• From 18 March 1975 to 4 January 2003, the
dinar was pegged to a weighted currency
basket. From 5 January 2003 until 20 May
2007, the pegging was switched to 1 US
dollar = 0.29963 dinar with margins of
±3.5%.The central rate translates to
approximately 1 dinar = $3.53 (USD)
• From 16 June 2007, the Kuwaiti dinar was repegged to a basket of currencies, and is now
worth about $3.55. It is the world's highestvalued currency unit.
Five hundred rubles featuring Peter the Great and a personification of
Mother Russia, 1912
 First ruble, antiquity–31 December 1921
• 1898 Russian Empire one ruble bill, obverse
• The ruble has been the Russian unit of
currency for about 500 years. From 1710, the
ruble was divided into 100 kopeks.
• The amount of precious metal in a ruble
varied over time. In a 1704 currency reform,
Peter the Great standardized the ruble to
28 grams of silver. While ruble coins were
silver, there were higher denominations
minted of gold and platinum. By the end of
the 18th century, the ruble was set to 4
zolotnik 21 dolya (almost exactly equal to
18 grams) of pure silver or 27 dolya (almost
exactly equal to 1.2 grams) of pure gold, with
a ratio of 15:1 for the values of the two
metals. In 1828, platinum coins were
introduced with 1 ruble equal to 77⅔ dolya
(3.451 grams).
• The ruble was redenominated on 1 January 1998, with one new
ruble equaling 1000 old rubles. The redenomination was a purely
psychological step that did not solve the fundamental economic
problems faced by the Russian economy at the time, and the
currency was devalued in August 1998 following the 1998 Russian
financial crisis. The ruble lost 70% of its value against the U.S. dollar
in the six months following this financial crisis.
• In November 2004, the authorities of Dimitrovgrad(Ulyanovsk
Oblast) erected a five-meter monument to the ruble.
• On 23 November 2010, at a meeting of the Russian Prime Minister
Vladimir Putin and the Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao, it was
announced that Russia and China have decided to use their own
national currencie for bilateral trade, instead of the U.S. dollar. The
move is aimed to further improve relations between Beijing and
Moscow and to protect their domestic economies during the Great
Recession. The trading of the Chinese yuan against the ruble has
started in the Chinese interbank market, while the yuan's trading
against the ruble was set to start on the Russian foreign exchange
market in December 2010.
• On 17 December 1885, a new standard was
adopted which did not change the silver ruble
but reduced the gold content to 1.161 grams,
pegging the gold ruble to the French franc at
a rate of 1 ruble = 4 francs. This rate was
revised in 1897 to 1 ruble = 2⅔ francs
(0.774 grams gold).
• The ruble was worth about .50 USD in 1914.
• With the outbreak of World War I, the gold
standard peg was dropped and the ruble fell
in value, suffering from hyperinflation in the
early 1920s. With the founding of the Soviet
Union in 1922, the Russian ruble was
replaced by the Soviet ruble.
 Soviet ruble in Russia, 1991–December 31, 1997
• Following the breakup of the Soviet Union in
1991, the ruble remained the currency of the
Russian Federation. A new set of banknotes
was issued in the name of Bank of Russia in
1993. During the period of hyperinflation of
the early 1990s, the ruble was significantly
devalued.
 First ruble
At the beginning of the 19th century, copper coins were
issued for ¼, ½, 1, 2 and 5 kopeks, with silver 5, 10, 25 and 50
kopeks and 1 ruble and gold 5 although production of the 10
ruble coin ceased in 1806. Silver 20 kopeks were introduced in
1820, followed by copper 10 kopeks minted between 1830
and 1839, and copper 3 kopeks introduced in 1840. Between
1828 and 1845, platinum 3, 6 and 12 rubles were issued. In
1860, silver 15 kopecs were introduced, due to the use of this
denomination (equal to 1 złoty) in Poland, whilst, in 1869,
gold 3 rubles were introduced.In 1886, a new gold coinage
was introduced consisting of 5 and 10 ruble coins. This was
followed by another in 1897. In addition to smaller 5 and 10
ruble coins, 7½ and 15 ruble coins were issued for a single
year, as these were equal in size to the previous 5 and 10
ruble coins. The gold coinage was suspended in 1911, with the
other denominations produced until the First World War.
 Constantine ruble
The Constantine ruble is a rare silver coin of
the Russian Empire bearing the profile of
Constantine, the brother of emperors
Alexander I and Nicholas I. Its manufacture
was being prepared at the Saint Petersburg
Mint during the brief Interregnum of 1825, but
it was never minted in numbers, and never
circulated in public. The fact of its existence
became known in 1857 in foreign publications.
 Last Soviet ruble
• After the fall of the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation
introduced new coins in 1992 in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20,
50 and 100 rubles. The coins depict the double headed eagle
above the legend "Банк России." The 1 and 5 rubles were
minted in brass-clad steel, the 10 and 20 rubles in cupro-nickel
and the 50 and 100 rubles were bimetallic (aluminium-bronze
and cupro-nickel-zinc). In 1993, aluminium-bronze 50 rubles
and cupro-nickel-zinc 100 rubles were issued, and the material
of 10 and 20 rubles was changed to nickel-plated steel. In 1995
the material of 50 rubles was changed to brass-plated steel,
but the coins were minted with the old date 1993. As high
inflation persisted, the lowest denominations disappeared from
circulation and the other denominations became rarely used.
• During this period the commemorative one-ruble coin is
regularly issued. It's practically identical in size and weight to a
5 Swiss franc coin (worth approx. €3 / US$4). For this reason,
there have been several instances of (now worthless) ruble
coins being used on a large scale to defraud automated
vending machines in Switzerland.
• The eventual winning Ruble sign design
• No official symbol was used during the final
years of the Empire, nor was one introduced
in the Soviet Union. The characters R and
руб. were used and remain in use today,
though they are not official.
• In July 2007, the Central Bank of Russia
announced that it would decide on a symbol for
the ruble and would test 13 symbols. This
included the symbol РР (the initials of
Российский Рубль "Russian ruble"), which has
received preliminary approval from the Central
Bank. However, one more symbol, a Р with a
horizontal stroke below the top similar to the
Philippine peso sign, was proposed unofficially.
Proponents of the new sign claim that it is
simple, recognizable and similar to other
currency signs. This symbol is also similar to the
Armenian letter.
• On 11 December 2013, the Central Bank of
Russia approved the winner of the competition
for the new ruble sign. The winning symbol is
now the official ruble sign.
• On 4 February 2014, the Unicode Technical
Committee during its 138th meeting in San
Jose accepted U+20BD RUBLE SIGN symbol
for the Unicode version 7.0, the symbol was
then included into Unicode 7.0 released on
16 June 2014. In August 2014, Microsoft
issued updates for all of its mainstream
versions of Microsoft Windows that enabled
support for the new ruble sign, but the
updates were later found to have bugs that
result in system crashes.
A 100 ruble banknote issued in 2013, printed in commemoration of the
2014 Winter Olympic Games in Sochi.
5 rubles
10 rubles
50 rubles
100 rubles
500 rubles
1,000 rubles
5,000 rubles
INDIA
The history of the rupees trace back to Ancient India in Circa 6
th
century BC.
Ancient India was the earliest issuers of coins in the world along with the Chinese
Wen and Lydian Staters. The word rupiya is derived from a Sankrit word ‘rupa’
which means “wrought silver”, a coin of silver in origin an adjective meaning
“shapely” with a more specific meaning of “stanped” “impressed” whence “coin”
it is derived from the noun rupa is “shape,likeness,image.”The word rupa is being
further identified as having sprung from the Dravidian.
1 LKR
=
0.47003
INR
Selling 1LKR you get 0.46972 INR
Buying 1LKR you pay 0.47034 INR
Exchange rates Nov 13/2014 04:43 UTC
1 LKR = 0.77685 PKR
Selling 1 LKR you get 0.77602 PKR
Buying 1LKR you pay 0.77768 PKR
Exchange rate updated Nov 13,2014
T
here are twelve currencies of the European union.The principal currency Euro is used by
the institutions of the European union and by the Euro zone states, which account for 18 of
the 28 member states of the European Union. But two states are obliged to adopt the
currency; Denmark and the United Kingdom through a legal opt-out from the EU treaties.
They have retained the right to operate independent currencies within the European Union.
The remaining eight states must join the ERM ll and attain the third stage and adopt the
Euro eventually.
1 LKR =0.0061371 EUR
Saudi Arabia
National flag of saudi arabia
Saudi Arabian Currency
A bank note of saudi arabia
1U.S.dollar = 3.75saudi riyal
1riyal = 0.26666U.S.dollar
1 rupee = 0.02877 riyal
1riyal = 34.76406 rupees
Currencies of England
The pound sterling commonly known simply as the POUND,
is the official currency of UNITED KINGDOM
1 POUND = 20SHILINGS = 240SILVER
The economy of England is the largest economy of
the countries of the UNITED KINGDOM.
CURRENCY
Country
Indicative Rate
USA
130.9
Singapore
101.3
Malaysia
39.2
Qatar
35.9
Nepal
1.3
Iran
0.00049
Saudi Arabia
34.9
England
208.4
China
21.4
Kuwait
450.02
Russia
2.8
Maldives
8.5
India
2.12
Pakistan
1.28
European Union
163.27
The rate that a unit of local currencies is exchanged with a foreign currency is
called exchange rate, or in simple and brief terms, it is the local price of a
foreign currency. The amount to be paid for the currency in different countries in
the world is increasing in the present. This increase influences the economic
activities in different ways.
The exchange rate particularly affects employment, foreign aids and loans. One of
the main incomes of the Sri Lankan economy is foreign employments .The down
fall of the foreign value of local currency has a positive influence on a county’s
foreign employment because when the payments made for the foreign employees
are converted in to local currency in the local land under such circumstances, a big
amount of money is created. Thus the increase of the exchange rate encourages
the foreign employees and makes a positive influence on the Balance of Payment.
If the foreign aids are received in the form of donations, increase of the
exchange rate is benefited because the country doesn't have to pay back the
money. But when a country takes aids and loans that should be paid back.
Decrease of the exchange rate is disadvantageous because the country has
to pay a greater amount of money by foreign currency to pay back those
loans and aids.
Indebtedness to foreign countries is disadvantageous to a country. It widens
the deficiency of the balance of payments.