UNIT 07:
EARLY STATEHOOD
1836-1845
DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS OF
MAJOR ERAS IN TEXAS HISTORY
• Early Statehood – (1845)
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Slave State
Mexican War
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Rio Grande River determined as border
Compromise of 1850
Manifest Destiny
WHY HISTORIANS DIVIDE THE PAST
INTO ERAS
• History is divided into eras so it is
easier to identify cause and effect
of the great events/people in history
CAUSES OF AND EVENTS LEADING
TO TEXAS ANNEXATION
• Texas independence
• American Texans desired to
become part of the United States.
• United States’ desire for Manifest
Destiny
• The Republic’s financial problems
• Sam Houston supported
annexation.
CAUSES OF AND EVENTS LEADING
TO TEXAS ANNEXATION
• Early Statehood Concerns
• Defining Texas Borders
• Expanding Texas Population
• Texas Annexation Delayed
• Annexation might cause a war with
Mexico
• Texas as a slave state, which would
switch the balance to southern
slave states
• Why Texans wanted Annexation
• Annexation meant Texas debts
would be paid
INDIVIDUALS, EVENTS, AND ISSUES
DURING EARLY TEXAS STATEHOOD
• U.S. – Mexican War
• Cause – Mexico claimed the Nueces River
as its border, and the United States/Texas
claimed the Rio Grande.
• The war began at Brownsville when a
small battle breaks out, and American
blood is shed.
• Effect- Rio Grand becomes official border
• Events that led to War
• First- Shots fired by both sides north of Rio
Grande
• Second-The United States declares war on
Mexico
• Third- Thousands of Texans volunteer to
serve during the war
• Finally- General Zachary Taylor defeats Santa
Anna
INDIVIDUALS, EVENTS, AND ISSUES
DURING EARLY TEXAS STATEHOOD
• Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
• Ended the Mexican War
• Mexican Cession – the Southwest is
claimed by the United States.
• Mexico accepts Texas as part of the
United States, and the United States
paid $15 million to Mexico.
• The Rio Grande River is the border
of Texas.
INDIVIDUALS, EVENTS, AND ISSUES
DURING EARLY TEXAS STATEHOOD
• Population Growth
• Population doubled since annexation
• Towns grew into cities – largest city was
Galveston
• Migration of Americans to Texas
• Immigration of Europeans (e.g., Germans
to the Hill Country)
• Compromise of 1850
• The Texas-New Mexico Boundary Act
states that Texas would receive $10 million
in return for giving up part of their western
and northern territory, paying off Texas’
debt, and determining the western
boundary of the state.
• This agreement was intended to deal with
the slavery issue. Did not abolish slavery!
EARLY STATEHOOD AND
MEXICAN CESSION
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND PATTERNS
IN TEXAS DURING THE 19TH, 20TH, AND 21ST
CENTURIES
• Statehood
• Where did European immigrants settle
and why?
• What proportion of Texans were
slaveholders?
• By 1850, the slave population in Texas
had increased to 58,161; in 1860 there
were 182,566 slaves, 30 percent of the
total population. In 1860 almost 25
percent of all white families in Texas
owned at least one slave. Texas
ranked 10th in total slave population
and 9th in percentage of slave
population (30 percent of all
residents)
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND PATTERNS
IN TEXAS DURING THE 19TH, 20TH, AND 21ST
CENTURIES
• Where were plantations located in
Texas? SOUTH and EAST Texas
• Durazno Plantation
• Freeman Plantation
• William Garrett Plantation
• Hatfield Plantation
• Liendo Plantation
• Old Brulay Plantation
• Col. Elijah Sterling Clack
• Robertson Plantation
• Varner-Hogg Plantation
IMMIGRATION INTO TEXAS
• In 1860 foreign-born citizens of Texas
numbered 43,422
• Some 20,000 were from Germany
• Living in Houston, Galviston, and
San Antonio
• Most German immigrants settled in
central and South Texas
• Houston and Galveston are located
along the Gulf Coast of Texas