Cellular Energy
Biology
Mr. Hamilton
Use of Energy
Autotrophs: Make their own energy
during photosynthesis. Includes:
plants, some bacteria & algae.
Heterotrophs: Obtain food from other
sources. Cells carry out cellular
respiration. Includes: mammals, fungi,
some bacteria and protists.
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate
Energy carrying molecule.
Made during cellular respiration carried
out in all living organisms.
Created from adding a phosphate group
onto ADP.
Provides energy by breaking phosphate
group off.
ATP
Photosynthesis
Chemical Reaction:
6CO2 +
6H2O ---Light---C6H12O6 + 6O2
(Carbon
Dioxide)
(Water)
Reactants
(Sugar: Glucose) (Oxygen)
Products
Which of the following is an
autotroph?
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R
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Fi
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D.
D
C.
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B.
Cat
Dog
Fish
Rose
C
A.
15
What is produced during
photosynthesis?
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B.
Carbon dioxide
and water
Light
Sugar and oxygen
Sugar and carbon
dioxide
C
A.
20
What organic compound is
formed during photosynthesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Water
Light
Oxygen
Sugar
0%
W
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Li
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15
Which organism below is a
heterotroph?
us
hr
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D.
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C.
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B.
Shrub
Moss
Mushroom
Tree
Sh
A.
15
Aerobic reactions…
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B.
Occur only in plants
Occur with oxygen
Occur without oxygen
Occur only in animals
Oc
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A.
20
Pigment involved in
photosynthesis is…
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B.
Chloroplast
Chlorophyll
Carotenoids
Hemoglobin
C
A.
15
Photosynthesis
Stages of photosynthesis
Light Absorption (stage 1): Energy is
captured from sunlight by pigments.
Two types of pigments


Chlorophyll: Primary pigment that causes plants
to appear green.
Carotenoids: Responsible for fall colors and red,
yellow and orange flowers.
Thylakoids: Specific location of light
absorption.
Stages of photosynthesis (cont.)
Stage 2: Light energy is converted to
chemical energy.
Electron Transport Chain: Electrons give
off energy as they get transported across
the thylakoid membrane.
 NADPH: An electron carrier that provides
energy to make sugar.

Stages of photosynthesis (cont.)
Stage 3: (Light independent) Energy in
ATP and NADPH is used to form
organic compounds using CO2.

Calvin Cycle: A series of reactions that
produces sugar.
Photosynthesis
Concept Map
3CO2 + 3H2O Light > C3H6O3 + 3O2
What does this reaction show?
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B.
Cellular
respiration
Homeostasis
Photosynthesis
Reproduction
C
A.
20
ATP and NADPH are…
A.
B.
C.
D.
Products of
photosynthesis
Energy carrying
molecules
Used during lightdependent
reactions
Unrelated
molecules
od
Pr
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20
ATP and NADPH are…
A.
B.
C.
D.
Products of
photosynthesis
Energy carrying
molecules
Used during lightdependent
reactions
Unrelated
molecules
od
Pr
ts
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..
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20
Cellular Respiration
Chemical Reaction
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ------ 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
(glucose)
(oxygen)
(carbon
(water) (energy)
dioxide)
Reactants
Products
Cellular Respiration—use of
O2
Anaerobic:
Reactions that occur
without oxygen.
Small amount of
energy produced.
Aerobic: Reactions
that require oxygen
to occur. Majority of
reactions require
oxygen to produce a
large amount of
energy.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration
Stage 1: Glycolysis: Process of
converting glucose to pyruvate.

Anaerobic

Occurs in cytoplasm

Produces 2 ATP
*Glycolysis starts
with the
phosphorylation
(adding phosphate
from ATP) of
glucose.
* For each molecule
of glucose, 2
Pyruvates (small
sugars formed from
glucose) are
produced.
Cellular Respiration (cont.)
Stage 2: When oxygen is present
pyruvate goes on into aerobic
respiration.
Aerobic
 Occurs in mitochondria
 Produces 36 ATP

Cell Respiration Stage 2 (cont.)
Krebs Cycle: A
series of enzymeassisted reactions
that create
electron carriers
that store energy
(2 ATP)
Stage 2 Cell Respiration (cont.)
Electron Transport
chain:
*Transfer of electrons
help move Hydrogen
ions along inner
lining of
mitochondria. At the
end of ETC they
combine with O2 to
form water (34 ATP)
Cellular Respiration (cont.)
Fermentation: Occurs when oxygen is
absent with no ATP being produced
Occurs in:
Microbes: Produces ethyl alcohol
 Human Cells: Produces lactic acid.
Buildup of lactic acid in muscles causes
soreness.

Where does aerobic cellular
respiration occur?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Chloroplast
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondria
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20
What is produced in our muscles
that causes muscle soreness?
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D.
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C.
TP
B.
ATP
Ethyl alcohol
Lactic acid
Fermentation
A
A.
20
What kind of process is
fermentation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Aerobic
Anaerobic
Only occurs in
plants
Only occurs in
animals
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A
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A
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20