10.1 Properties of Acids and Bases
& 10.2 Theoretical Acid-Base
Definitions
Recall: Properties of Acids and Bases
Acid
Base
-
- pH >7
- tastes bitter
- feels slippery
- neutralizes an acid
- Ex. NaOH
pH < 7
tastes sour
no special feel
neutralizes a base
Ex. HCl
Reactions of Acids
1) With a metal:
Mg (s) + 2 HCl (aq)  MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
A metal and an acid will react to produce hydrogen
gas.
Reactions of Acids
2) With a carbonate compound:
CaCO3 (aq) + 2 HCl (aq)  CaCl2 (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
Carbonate compounds and an acid will react to
produce carbon dioxide gas and water.
Reactions of Bases
 Bases react with carbon dioxide gas to produce
carbonates:
Ex. Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2 (g)  CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l)
Naming Acids Without Oxygen
 Without oxygen—start with prefix hydro- and end
with –ic acid
Examples:
 H2S (aq)=
 HI (aq) =
Naming Acids With Oxygen
 With oxygen—based on the name of the oxyanion (the anion with
the oxygen attached):
Oxyanion name ending in –ate, the acid name ends in –ic acid
Examples:
 HClO3-=
 HNO3=
Oxyanion name ending in –ite, acid name ends in –ous acid
Examples:
 HClO2 =
 HNO2 =
Arrhenius Theory of Acids and Bases
 ACIDS= molecular compounds that ionize in water and release H+
ions
Ex. HNO3 (aq)  H+ (aq) + NO3- (aq)
 BASES= ionic compounds that dissociate in water and release OH-
ions
Ex. Ca(OH)2 (s)  Ca2+ (aq) + 2 OH- (aq)
 NEUTRALIZATION REACTIONS= can be represented by the
following
H+ (aq) + OH- (aq)  H2O (l)
Strong and Weak Acids
 Strong acid= will completely ionize in water (lower
pH and react vigorously)
Ex. HCl (aq)  H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
 Weak acid= will partially ionize in water (higher pH
and react less vigorously)
Ex. HC2H3O2 (aq)  H+ (aq) + C2H3O2- (aq)
In General…
 The strength of an acid, HA (aq), depends on how
much it ionizes in aqueous solution.
HA (aq)  H+ (aq) + A- (aq)
pH and Acidity
 pH = 7, neutral
pH > 7 = basic
pH < 7= acidic
 a pH change of 1 unit represents a 10-fold change in
how basic or acidic a solution is
 Ex. Lemon juice (pH = 2) is 10x more acidic than pop
(pH = 3)
pH Scale
Homework
 Read pp. 464 – 475
 Answer the following questions:
 p. 469 # 1 – 9
 p. 475 # 1, 3 - 12