____________________________________
7 Grade Social Studies
Canada, Mexico, & U.S. History from the Revolution to Reconstruction
th
Class 93—Sectionalism, the Great Triumvirate, and Lt. Randolph Outrage
January 26, 2015
Focus: “Dressed in deepest mourning black, Andrew Jackson presented a somber figure at his presidential inauguration
on March 4, 1829.” Why?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Student Objectives:
1. I will identify the leaders and the political philosophies of the three sections of the nation.
2. I will define a “Lieutenant Randolph outrage.”
Homework:
-Read and outline Chapter 10, Section 2 pgs. 327-329 stop at Jackson Attacks the Bank (due 1/27)
-Read and outline Chapter 10, Section 2 pgs. 329-330 stop at Panic of 1837 (due 1/28)
-Read and outline Chapter 10, Section 3 pgs.332-335 (due 1/29)
-Read and outline Chapter 10, Section 2 pgs. 330-331 (due 1/30)
-Current Events due 2/2
-Chapter 10 Test Monday 2/2
Handouts:
none
I. The Great Triumvirate
II. Jackson and Lt. Randolph
Key terms/ideas/ people/places:
The Great Triumvirate
Henry Clay
Daniel Webster
South
West
North
Sectionalism
Nullify
Andrew Jackson
Lt. Randolph
Nose
Unionist
By the end of class today, I will be able to answer the following:
Who were the members of the Great Triumvirate?
What member of the Great Triumvirate would we consider Unionists?
How did Calhoun’s political philosophy change over the years?
What is a Lt. Randolph Outrage?
John C. Calhoun
Honor
Notes
Class 93—Sectionalism, the Great Triumvirate, and Lt. Randolph Outrage
January 26, 2015
Great Triumvirate:
 Henry Clay
 Daniel Webster
 John C. Calhoun
 Some think Thomas Hart Benton should be included with these three
 “Golden Age” of the Senate
Sectionalism:
Individual
John C. Calhoun
Location
South
Daniel Webster
North
Henry Clay
West
Beliefs
Supported the war of 1812;
opposed polices that would
strengthen the power of the
federal government; slave
owner/honor system;
nationlist-nullifiersectionalist
Opposed the War of 1812;
federal government larger
role in building the nation’s
economy
Supported the War of 1812;
favored a more active role for
the central government; slave
owner/honor system
Lt. Randolph Outrage:
 One of the greatest insults to a man of honor was having nosed pulled or tweaked-more aggressive form of
calling someone a liar
 Lt. Randolph pulls Andrew Jackson’s nose-physical attack and attack on Jackson’s honor
____________________________________
7 Grade Social Studies
Canada, Mexico, & U.S. History from the Revolution to Reconstruction
th
Class 94— Tariff, Nullification, & Petticoat Affair
January 27, 2015
Focus: Clear everything off your desk except your outline, pencil, and focus sheet.
1.
2.
3.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Student Objectives:
1. I will define and analyze the following:
 Sovereignty (sov·er·eign·ty)
 states’ rights
 nullification
 secede
 Tariff of Abominations
 Nullification Crisis
2. I will re-enact the confrontation between Jackson and Calhoun in order to acknowledge Calhoun’s shift from
nationalist to nullifier.
3. I will analyze the role the “Petticoat Affair” had on American politics.
Homework:
-Read and outline Chapter 10, Section 2 pgs. 329-330 stop at Panic of 1837 (due 1/28)
-Read and outline Chapter 10, Section 3 pgs.332-335 (due 1/29)
-Read and outline Chapter 10, Section 2 pgs. 330-331 (due 1/30)
-Current Events due 2/2
-Chapter 10 Test Monday 2/2
Handouts:
none
I. Tariff of Abominations and Nullification Crisis
II. Petticoat Affair
Key terms/ideas/ people/places:
Andrew Jackson
John C. Calhoun
Robert Hayne
Daniel Webster
Compact Theory
states’ rights
Sovereignty
Nullification
Secede
Nullification Crisis
Force Bill
Tariff of Abominations
John Eaton
Peggy Eaton
Floride Calhoun
Martin Van Buren
Petticoat Affair
“Our Federal Union—it must be preserved!”
“The Union—next to our liberty, the most dear. May we always remember that it can only be preserved by respecting
the rights of the states and by distributing equally the benefits and the burdens of the Union.”
By the end of class today, I will be able to answer the following:
What impact did the Petticoat Affair have on Jackson and his cabinet?
What is states’ rights? Who supported states’ rights?
What is the compact theory of government? Who opposed the compact theory of government?
What was the Nullification Crisis? How did Jackson deal with South Carolina?
Notes
Class 94— Tariff, Nullification, & Petticoat Affair
January 27, 2015
Sovereignty
 supreme power or authority
Compact Theory of Government:
 Robert Hayne and John C. Calhoun (SC)
 the states granted the Constitution its power
 States rights’- states have the final authority, and not the federal courts, to pass on the constitutionality of federal
laws (nullification)
 Calhoun
o states rights’ designed to protect minority rights
o Used the VA and KY Resolutions to show that states could interpose their sovereignty and nullify
unconstitutional federal legislations
o Sovereignty resided in the people of the separate states and not in the national people…Calhoun argued
that it was the state conventions that had ratified the original Constitution
Daniel Webster:
 The Constitution had NOT been created by the states, but by the people of the Union
 states had no logical right to determine the extent of federal sovereignty-can’t nullify a law
Tariff of Abominations and Nullification Crisis:
 Tariff of Abominations-Southerners opposed high tax on imports
 SC-attempts to nullify the tariff claiming it was unconstitutional
 SC even threatens to secede over the issue (Calhoun hopes nullification will prevent that from happening)
 The Toasts
o Andrew Jackson-“Our Federal Union—it must be preserved!” (against states’ rights in this instance)
o John C. Calhoun (Jackson’s VP)- “The Union—next to our liberty, the most dear.”
 Force Bill-Jackson can use the army (force) against SC if needed
 Crisis Averted
o Henry Clay-gets compromise tariff passed in Congress
o Force Bill passed
o No other states support SC
Petticoat Affair:
 Peggy Eaton-married to John Eaton, Jackson’s secretary of state
o She has a bit of reputation and people gossip about her and the other “ladies” of Washington, like Floride
Calhoun won’t have anything to do with her
 Causes tension in Jackson’s cabinet-Jackson sees Peggy in the same light as his wife, Rachel, who he felt was
destroyed by gossip-Jackson defends Peggy’s virtue
 Martin Van Buren leaks that the Calhouns are behind the gossip
 Jackson’s entire cabinet resigns over the matter
 Calhoun out, Van Buren becomes Jackson’s right hand man and is now set-up to become the next president
____________________________________
7 Grade Social Studies
Canada, Mexico, & U.S. History from the Revolution to Reconstruction
th
Class 95— Bank of the United States
January 28, 2015
Focus: Clear everything off your desk except your outline, pencil, and focus sheet.
1.
2.
3.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Student Objectives:
1. I will analyze the long and turbulent road of the Bank of the United States.
Homework:
-Read and outline Chapter 10, Section 3 pgs.332-335 (due 1/29)
-Read and outline Chapter 10, Section 2 pgs. 330-331 (due 1/30)
-Current Events due 2/2
-Chapter 10 Test Monday 2/2
Handouts:
None
I. History of BUS
II. Bank War
Key terms/ideas/ people/places:
Andrew Jackson
Nicholas Biddle
Henry Clay
Daniel Webster
Alexander Hamilton
“monster”
Bank War
By the end of class today, I will be able to answer the following:
How did Jackson kill the bank?
What were the results of the Bank War?
Why did Jackson hate the bank?”
Thomas Jefferson
Pet Banks
Notes
Class 95— Bank of the United States
January 28, 2015
Jacksonian Economics:
“independent farmers are everywhere the basis of society and the true friends of liberty”
-Favors Jeffersonian beliefs-farming
-doesn’t like: paper money, machine technology , and large scale production
-advance of commerce, banking, and industry undermined independence, virtue and equality
-government aid to commerce, banking, and industry was “corruption”
-oppose national bank, paper money, and federal aid for internal improvements
-repayment of national debt
Bank War:
-Nicholas Biddle vs. Andrew Jackson
- “The bank, Mr. Van Buren, is trying to kill me, but I will kill it!”
-Jackson sees the bank as creating class struggle (rich getting richer and poor getting poorer)-eliminate the bank,
eliminate class struggle
-Jackson withdraws all federal deposits and places them in state banks
The bank dies a another tragic death in 1836. Jackson allows the money to go to state chartered banks, called pet banks.
It will lead to an economic downturn for the U.S-Panic of 1837
 Elimination of national bank removed restraints from regional banks and they behaved more irresponsibly than
ever
 Pet Bank system didn’t work
Bank War was a loss for both sides
 Government ended up without the services of a central bank, with an uncontrolled and fluctuating paper currency,
and was powerless to control the business cycle
 BUS got an inferior PA charter and went bankrupt
____________________________________
7th Grade Social Studies
Canada, Mexico, & U.S. History from the Revolution to Reconstruction
Class 96— Indian Removal
January 29, 2015
Focus: Turn to page 333 in your textbook. Look at the picture and answer the question in the box entitled “Indian
Removal.”
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Student Objectives:
1. I will identify the Native American tribes that were forced to leave their land under the Indian Removal Act.
Homework:
-Read and outline Chapter 10, Section 2 pgs. 330-331 (due 1/30)
-Current Events due 2/2
-Chapter 10 Test Monday 2/2
Handouts:
none
I. Five Civilized Tribes
II. Indian Removal
Key terms/ideas/ people/places:
Creek
Choctaw
Chickasaw
Andrew Jackson
Worcester v. Georgia
Cherokee
Sequoya
By the end of class today, I will be able to answer the following:
What was Marshall’s ruling in Worcester v. Georgia?
Why didn’t Jackson care about the ruling in Worcester v. Georgia?
What is the Trail of Tears?
Seminole
Trail of Tears
John Marshall
Notes
Class 96— Indian Removal
January 29, 2015
Andrew Jackson supported states’ rights with Indian Removal:
 He supported white settlers
 fought the Creeks and Seminoles
 this wasn’t a threat to the federal government
 Indian removal was the key to national development
Five Civilized Tribes:
 Creek
 Choctaw-first removed
 Chickasaw
 Cherokee-most integrated into white society (farming, newspaper, Constitution)
o Sequoya came up with a written language for the Cherokee
 Seminole
Worcester v. Georgia
 the Supreme Court and John Marshall said the Cherokee were protected under the Constitution
Trail of Tears:
1838-inadequate clothing, rations were stolen, wagons and vehicles were insufficient, winter was bitterly cold, and
disease…out of 18,000 Cherokees, about 4,000 died.
Other Indian Tribes also suffer tremendous death rates:
Choctaws: %15
Creeks: %50
Seminoles: %50
Paternalism-A policy or practice of treating or governing people in a fatherly manner, especially by providing for their
needs without giving them rights or responsibilities
Imperialism-expand geographically and economically, imposing an alien will upon subject peoples and commandeering
their resources.
____________________________________
7th Grade Social Studies
Canada, Mexico, & U.S. History from the Revolution to Reconstruction
Class 97— Panic of 1837 and Election of 1840
January 30, 2015
Focus: Analyze this political cartoon about Andrew Jackson in three sentences.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Student Objectives:
1. I will define the term depression.
2. I will recognize the reasons for the Panic of 1837.
3. I will analyze the Election of 1840.
Homework:
-Current Events due 2/2
-Chapter 10 Test Monday 2/2
Handouts:
none
I. Panic of 1837
II. Election of 1840
Key terms/ideas/ people/places:
Depression
Martin Van Buren
Panic of 1837
By the end of class today, I will be able to answer the following:
What was the Whig political philosophy?
Why did the Panic of 1837 occur?
Who won the election of 1840? What was his campaign symbol?
William Henry Harrison
Whigs
Notes
Class 97— Panic of 1837 and Election of 1840
January 30, 2015
Martin Van Buren wins Election of 1836 (“Jackson’s Third Term”)
Panic of 1837:
 Expansion west
 Speculators buying land
 No national bank to control the state banks
 State banks printing money to meet the demands
 Prices fall
 Construction stops-lose jobs
 Unemployment
 Jackson forcing people to buy land with only gold or silver (Specie Circular)-the pet banks didn’t have enough
gold or silver to cover the paper money and thus went out of business
Election of 1840:
Martin Van Buren (D) vs. William Henry Harrison (Whig)
 Harrison has image of the frontier and has the log cabin as his symbol
 Whigs
o Name “taken from the party of English politics that had traditionally resisted the prerogative power of the
Crown and that had led the American colonies to revolt against the arbitrary power of King George III.
 Goal-prosperity from commercialization and evangelical virtues
o Hardwork, temperance, self-improvement
o Tariff, B.U.S. reform, internal improvements
o Trickle down economics-promoting interests of business men promotes interests of all classes by
promoting confidence leading investors to expand their activities and create new jobs and opportunities
for poorer classes