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Soldiers
Spies
Nurses
Camp Followers
Soldiers
• Jennie Hodgers – Union soldier
– Fought for several months in the Missouri
artillery unit
– Served under the name Albert Cashier
– Fulfilled entire army enlistment
– Fought at the battles of Vicksburg, Nashville,
and Mobile
• Frances Clalin -Union soldier
– Fought in the Missouri cavalry units
Spies
• Belle Boyd (La Belle Rebelle)
– Confederate Spy
– Provided valuable info to General Turner
Ashby and Stonewall Jackson
– Imprisoned twice and arrested six times
– Married Samuel Harding, a Union officer
Rose O’Neal Greenhow
• Confederate Spy Known as “Wild Rose”
• Known for sending General Beauregard a tenword secret message to help win the Battle of
Bull Run
• Jefferson Davis credited her with winning the
battle of Manassas
• Imprisoned in her own home and then in the Old
Capitol Prison
– After her second imprisonment, she was exiled to the
Confederate States
Sarah “Emma” Edmonds
• Was a Union Spy
– Was both a spy and a soldier
– Was enlisted under the name Frank Thompson
– Her missions:
• “Cuff” Mission – joined the confederacy as a black
slave
• “Bridget O’Shea Mission – disguised as a Irish peddler
• “Black Mammy” Mission – disguised as a laundress
and discovered Confederate documents
• Had 11 total missions
More Spies
• Emmeline Piggott - Confederate
– North Carolina’s most famous spy
– Carried dispatches under her long skirts
• Elizabeth Howland - Confederate
– Sent messages through her young children
• Elizabeth Van Lew - Union
– Visited Union prisoners taking them food and
medicine
– Set up a network of couriers and devised a
code to send messages
Relief Help
• Many women helped the war effort by
acting as nurses.
– A few of the most famous include:
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Clara Barton
Dorothea Dix
Louisa May Alcott
Sally Tompkins
Famous Nurses
• Clara Barton
– Overcame the military
bureaucracy and traveled
to the front line
– After the war, created the American Branch of the
International Red Cross.
• Dorothea Dix (Dragon Dix)
– First worked in a mental hospital
– Was put in charge of all army hospitals
– Established a nurse dress code
Relief Help
• Dr. Mary Walker
– Was awarded the Medal of Honor by President
Jackson for her skill as a surgeon during the
Civil War
• Not allowed on the battlefield but served in D.C.
Jobs during the War
• Factory workers – making artillery pieces,
uniforms
• Government Positions – copying
documents, postal workers, minting money
• Camp Followers – Women who were there
to lift morale of the troops
Pair-Share
• Women played many roles in the war such
as soldiers, spies, nurses, and more.
• If women didn’t play these roles do you
think that outcome of the war would be
different?
During the Civil War
Fashion during the Civil War Era
• Fashion depended on your class during the war
 Victorian Era
• Common styles for women:
– Hoop skirt with ruffles, silk blouses, shawls, hat
or bow, bonnet, parasol, fans, corsets, gloves,
brooches
• Common styles for men:
– Pants, vests, suit jackets, top hats, caps, bow ties,
soldiers gear
Men’s
Wear
Women’s
Clothing
Music during the Civil War
• Songs are split into different categories
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Inspirational marches used to boost morale
Traditional slave songs
Soldier’s songs
Family songs
• Instruments used
– Drums – tell soldiers what to do and how to march
– Fifes – also told what to do because shrill sound
could be easily heard
– Bugles – Gave commands such as morning, retreat,
reverse, etc.
Popular Songs
• Both the Union and Confederate sides had songs
they sang.
• Soldier Songs
– Examples: When Johnny Comes Marching Home
• Union Songs
– Examples: Battle Hymn of the Republic, Battle Cry
for Freedom, The Army of the Free
• Confederate Songs
– Examples: Dixie’s Land, God Save the South, The
Yellow Rose of Texas
Questions about the Songs
• What are some of the symbols used in the
song?
• Why is the song significant for that side of
the war?