South America
Chapter 16
Lesson 1 Objectives
 Learn about the geography of Brazil.
 Discover why the rain forests are
important to Brazil and to the whole
world.
 Find out what groups make up the people
of Brazil and how they live.
Brazil
 The Amazon Rain Forest
 Makes up 1/3 of the country
 Located in the Amazon River
lowlands
 Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil’s former capital
 Harbor city
 Brasilia
 Brazil’s new capital city
 Interior of the country
Using the Rain Forest
 Brazil’s most valuable
resource is its rain forests
 Many modern medicines
have been made from rain
forest plants
 Produce 1/3 of the world’s
oxygen
 Holds 1/5 of the world’s
fresh water
Threats to the Rain Forest
 Brazil’s rainforest is also it’s
most fragile resource
 If too much timber is cut
down, there will not be
enough trees to absorb
carbon dioxide.
 Animals being smuggled out
of Brazil.
 Pollution caused by mining.
The People of Brazil
 Mix of Native American, African,
and European (Portuguese)
descent
 Farming is becoming a major
source of economy
 World’s leader in coffee production
 1/3 of farmland is still unused
 Building more factories
 Iron and steel
 Cars
 Electrical equipment
Lesson 1 Objectives
 Learn about the geography of Brazil.
 Discover why the rain forests are
important to Brazil and to the whole
world.
 Find out what groups make up the people
of Brazil and how they live.
 ASSIGNMENT!!!
Lesson 2 Objectives
 Learn how geography has affected the
way people live in the three regions of
Peru.
 Discover what life is like in the cities and
towns of the Altiplano.
The Regions of Peru
 Sierra
 The mountain region, including
the Andes and the Altiplano
 A high plateau in the Andes
Mountains
 Coastal region
 Dry and dotted with oases
 Oasis – a fertile area in a
desert that has a source of
water
 Selva
 Large forested area in
northeast Peru
The People of Peru
 The coastal region is the
economic center of Peru
 Lima – Capital city
 Native Americans make
up almost half of Peru’s
population
 Most are Quechua and
mestizo
 Rest are of European,
African, and Asian descent
Life in the Altiplano
 Native Americans follow
traditions that are hundreds of
years old.
 Ruins of Incan cities in the
countryside
 Times are changing
 Many are leaving for jobs in the
cities
 Cuzco
 Modern houses built on remains
of Incan stonework
 Paved roads
 Electricity
Adapting to a New Life
 The Uros
 Live on Lake Titicaca
 Build islands as
needed
 The Quechua
 Live on the tundra
 Raise sheep
Lesson 2 Objectives
 Learn how geography has affected the
way people live in the three regions of
Peru.
 Discover what life is like in the cities and
towns of the Altiplano.
 ASSIGNMENT!!!
Lesson 3 Objectives
 Find out how the geography of Chile
creates regions where people live very
differently.
 Learn how Chile’s people live and what
products they produce.
 Find out how Chile restored democracy.
Geography of Chile
 Longest, narrowest country
 Only about 100 miles wide
 2,650 miles long
 The Atacama Desert
 Driest region in the world
 Rich in copper
Many Varied Landscapes
 Santiago
 Capital city
 Rolling hills and dense
forests
 Farming and mining
 Lakes Region
 Glaciers
 A huge mass of slowly
moving ice and snow
 Tierra del Fuego
 “Land of Fire”
 Only 600 miles from
Antarctica
Chile’s People
 Mestizos make up 90%
of the population
 Far South
 Sheep herders
 Central Valley
 Farmers
 Wheat, potatoes, sugar
beets, corn, tomatoes, and
many fruits
 Cities
 Santiago
 Valparaiso
 Concepcion
Chile’s Agricultural
Revolution
 Copper is the major
product of Chile
 In 1980’s copper prices
fell quickly
 Chile switched to
agriculture
 Summer during our winter
 Can produce fruits and
vegetables for the U.S.
when we cannot
 Do not have pests
Lesson 3 Objectives
 Find out how the geography of Chile
creates regions where people live very
differently.
 Learn how Chile’s people live and what
products they produce.
 Find out how Chile restored democracy.
 ASSIGNMENT!!!
Lesson 4 Objectives
 Find out how Venezuela was made
wealthy by oil.
 Learn how the ups and downs of oil
prices affected the economy and people
of Venezuela.
 Understand how Venezuela is changing.
Welcome to Venezuela
 Caracas
 Capital and largest city
in Venezuela
 Very modern
 Cars, buses, subway
system, etc.
 Museums, public
gardens, theatres, etc.
Venezuela’s Oil
 Second largest oil
deposit in the world
 Both the government
and private businesses
own oil companies.
The Rise and Fall of Oil
 During the 1970’s, there was
an oil boom.
 Period of business growth and
prosperity
 Government spent large amounts
of money.
 During the 1980’s, the price of
oil plummeted.
 The oil industry suffered
 Millions of people lost their jobs.
Government Goes Public
 Government couldn’t pay for all its
organizations
 Privatization
 Government sells its industries to
individuals or private companies
 Paid workers less than the
government had paid
 Companies turn big profits
 Hire back the people who lost their
jobs
Venezuela’s Government Crisis
 1989
 People riot against the
government
 Coup attempts
 The overthrow of a ruler
or government by an
organized group, which
then takes power
 1998
 Hugo Chavez, the leader
of a failed coup attempt,
elected president of
Venezuela
 2002
 People revolt against
Chavez
 Cause the oil production
to drop
 Almost causes the country
to collapse
 Chavez still around
because of the support of
the poor
Lesson 4 Objectives
 Find out how Venezuela was made
wealthy by oil.
 Learn how the ups and downs of oil
prices affected the economy and people
of Venezuela.
 Understand how Venezuela is changing.
 ASSIGNMENT!!!