Chronology Self-Test from
the Depression to Present
Timeline Self-Test
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1929-1933
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Causes of Depression—name some
Overproduction on farm and in factory; too
much credit; stock speculation
1929-1933


Hoover’s Response to the Depression—what
did he do?
Let states/locals fix; later he supports
Reconstruction Finance Corp (build dams)
1932


Hoovervilles—what
were they?
Shacks/tents
encampments for
homeless; government
sometimes broke them
up
1932


Vets march on Wash. to
demand pay; Hoover
busts up encampment
and looks bad—what
do you call this march?
Bonus March or
Bonus Expeditionary
Force
1933-1945


Elected 4 times; got U.S. through Depression
and WWII: Practical and tough—who are we
talking about?
Richard Nixon
3-33 to 6-33


1st 100 Days of FDR’s term—name the
three R’s and some alphabet soup stuff
Relief, recovery, reform; alphabet soup (CCC,
FERA, TVA, AAA)
March 1933

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Puts young men to
work in 3Fs:
reforestation,
firefighting, flood
control; good deal—
name the organization
Civilian Conservation
Corps
May 1933

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FERA—what was it and what did it do?
Federal Emerg. Relief. Admin. provides
money for immediate help; simple jobs
May 1933
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AAA (Agric. Adjustment Act)—what did it
provide?
Price supports for farmers; USSC strikes
down; new AAA in 1938 still with us; pays
farmers to not plant crops
June 1933


HOLC—what is it and what did it do?
Home Owner’s Loan Corporation = $ for nonfarm mortgage help
1933


CWA—what was it and what did it do?
Civil Works Admin. provides $ for all kinds of
simple jobs (part of FERA)
June1933


NRA—what was it and
what did it do?
National Industrial
Recovery Act:
businesses voluntarily
limit hours to increase
jobs; USSC declares
unconstitutional
(Congress can’t
regulate intrastate
commerce)
June 1933
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Public Works
Administration –what
did it provide?
PWA = $ for dams,
roads, buildings = long
term recovery in major
public works
May 1933
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
Tennessee Valley
Authority—what did it
do?
TVA electrifies
Appalachia; provides
long-term employment
to present
1934
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
SEC –what is it and what does it do?
Securities and Exchange Commission
regulates stock market
1935


Second New Deal—name three laws
3 laws: Social Security; Wagner Act (unions
can organize/bargain); WPA for jobs
1930s


Immigration, Mexican—what do you know?
U.S. holds back visas; deports many
Mexicans; U.S. trying to protect jobs at home
1930s


Name some radicals or
crackpots who
promoted programs to
end Depression
Huey Long, Father
Coughlin, Upton
Sinclair, Francis
Townsend/all crazy
schemes
1934


John Collier gets abandonment of ’87 Dawes
Act in favor of respect for tribes—name the
act
Indian Reorganization Act
1935


CIO—what organization is this; what did it do;
who was its main man?
Congress of Industrial Organizations; all
workers in an industry; John L. Lewis
1937
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
FDR’s Supreme
Court—name some
problems
USSC strikes down
AAA/NIRA; FDR upset;
court-packing scheme
fails; FDR=good guy
but bad here
1937
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
Keynesian Economics—comment on it and
FDR
FDR buys into Keynes idea on deficit
spending to prime the economic pump
1939
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Grapes of Wrath –who
wrote it and what is
involved in the story?
John Steinbeck writes
about 1930s Dust Bowl
migrants and criticizes
farmers/landowners
1930s


Trilogy--who wrote it and what’s involved?
John Dos Passos’s 3 books on struggles of
Americans in early 1900s
1932


Tobacco Road--who wrote it and what is the
story?
Erskine Caldwell writes about alienated poor
white Georgia farmers
1938


Recession of 1938—comment on it
Unemployment rises proving New Deal is not
final answer to depression; WWII is
1931, 1937


Japan invades China in
1931 (also in 1937);
Sec. State Stimson
says U.S. won’t
recognize territorial
gains –name the
doctrine
Stimson Doctrine
1933


FDR promotes nonintervention in Latin
America; TR rolls over in his grave—name
the policy
Good Neighbor Policy
1933


FDR is a no-show due to not wanting to
stabilize currency in world; isolationism—
name the conference
London Economic Conference
1934


Nye Committee report—what did it say?
Senator Nye says arms merchants/bankers
got us into WWI, not subs; isolationism here
1930s


Japan./Italy/Ger. Aggression—what did these
bad guys do—when and where?
Japan=China/’31,’37; Italy=Ethiopia/’35;
Germany=Poland/’39: U.S. avoids
1935-1937


Neutrality legislation—provided what?
Americans can’t travel on combatant ships,
sell goods, loan money during war (including
civil)
1938


Appeasement of Hitler by Brit—what does
this mean?
Britain OKs Hitler taking Sudetenland, but
Hitler then takes all of Czech.
1941


U.S. can lease, loan,
sell war goods to help
British and others
fighting Germany—
name the act
Lend-Lease Act
1941


In secret meeting on
ship in Atlantic,
FDR/Churchill OK what
becomes U.N.—name
the PEP
Atlantic Charter
12-07-41


Pearl Harbor
12-07-41—what
happened?
Japan sinks Pacific
fleet (except carriers) at
Pearl; U.S. declares
war; isolationism ends
with the attack;
Congress declares war
on 12-08
June 1942



Great U.S. carrier
victory stops Japanese
advance in Pacific (6
mo after Pearl!!!)—
name the battle
Midway, June 3-6, 1942
[Out of respect for
courage that exceeds
understanding, please
remember Torpedo
Squadron 8 off the
Hornet]
1943


FDR, Churchill, Stalin agree to open 2nd front
in 1944; leads to D-Day (6-6-44)—name the
conference
Teheran Conference
6-6-44


Ike leads Normandy
invasion on French
coast; Germany
surrenders in May
1945—what name do
we give to this day, May
6, 1944?
D-Day
1941-1945


Two U.S. commanders
who win war in
Pacific—name them
Adm. Nimitz/Gen.
MacArthur
1945


Stalin OKs elections in Europe (he reneges)
and U.S.S.R. to enter war in Pacific—name
the conference
Yalta
Later in 1945


Truman, Stalin, Churchill/Atlee: Japan must
surrender or be destroyed—name the
conference
Potsdam
1945


U.S. creates this organization in San
Francisco (cf. with rejection of League after
WWI)—name the organization
United Nations
1945


8/6&8/9 atomic bombs;
Japan surrenders 8/15;
WWII ends—name the
two cities bombed
Hiroshima and
Nagasaki
1941-1945
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
1) Must convert industry to war: no more cars but
lots of tanks, planes, ships, artillery 2)Draft begun in
1940—before war but in anticipation of war (cf.
WWI/draft during) 3)Women go to work: Rosie the
Riveter 4)Blacks to NO/West cities for jobs;
Mexicans (braceros) brought into U.S. 5)War
Production Board has power to ration critical items
(gas, oil, metal, rubber) [cf. War Industries Board in
WWI which was much weaker and less effective]-–
name this process
Wartime mobilization
1941-1945


Urban migration—describe
Blacks, Mexicans, Native Americans go to
cities for jobs, creating communities
1941-1945


Name cities that flourished due to the war
L.A., Detroit, Seattle flourish with wartime
jobs
1941-1945


Comment on expansion of govt. power during
war
U.S. power to regulate economy and people
grows much during WWII
1941-1945


Women and work
during war—comment
Women make tanks,
planes, artillery’ “We
Can Do It!”
campaign=patriotic
1942-1946


Internment of
Japanese—comment
120,000 (most citizens)
interned in ten camps
under E.O. 9066
(USSC says OK in
Korematsu v. U.S.):
horrible event
(Congress apologizes,
pays $20,000 to
internees in 1988)
1941-1946


Double-V Campaign—
what is it?
Blacks soldiers fight
racism abroad and at
home, thus the doubleV (for victory)
1945-1950s


Post WWII Economic
Boom—comment
Middle class=prosperity;
baby boom; TV, cars,
washing machines,
homes
1944


10 million veterans get
$ for education and
homes: fuels economic
boom—name the act
G.I. Bill
1947


Anti-union law (passed
over Truman veto)
outlaws closed shop +
more anti-union—name
the act
Taft-Hartley Act
1949


Truman’s plan: [Extension of New Deal] Min.
wage increased but Congress opposes
health insurance—name Truman’s plan
Truman’s Fair Deal
1946


Signals U.S. govt. intrusion into national
economy (cf. Laissez Faire)—name the act
Employment Act of 1946
1948


Truman for civil rights;
Thurmond leads racist
states’ rights party in
election of ’48—name
the political party
Dixiecrats
1948


Accused of being Communist; convicted of
perjury; elevates Nixon’s career—name him
Alger Hiss
1951-1953


Executed as spies;
some saw trial as anticommunist witch hunt
gone too far—name the
two people
Julius and Ethel
Rosenberg
1947


George Kennan argues
U.S. must vigilantly
“contain” Soviet
expansionism—what is
the word we use to
describe this?
Containment
1947


Must get $ to Greece and Turkey to fight
Commies; let’s help “free peoples” fight—
name the doctrine
Truman Doctrine
1947 on


U.S. provides billions to rebuild Europe and
erode attractiveness of Communism—name
the plan
Marshall Plan
1948-49


Truman airlifts supplies
to Berlin (cutoff); Stalin
loses and reopens
roads to Berlin—what
do we call this?
Berlin Airlift
1949


U.S. joins this organization=alliance to
confront U.S.S.R.=attack on one is attack on
all—name the organization
No. Atlantic Treaty Org. (NATO)
1951


MacArthur wants big
war and won’t shut up:
Truman fires this
national hero—what
war is being fought at
the time?
Korean
1950-1954


Wis. Senator conducts
anti-commie witch
hunt=hurts many; in
end he loses—name
the senator and name
the “ism”
Joseph McCarthy and
McCarthyism
1950


Truman vetoes (Congress overrides): Pres.
can detain “suspicious” people—name the
act
McCarran Act
1950s


Social Impact of Cold War—comment
Fear of atomic war; let’s help blacks so
commies won’t gain by exploiting our racism;
must be anti-commie
1950s


Science, technology, medicine –comment
Salk vaccine; transistors; NASA; NDEA ($ for
educ.)
1950s

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
Social developments in 50s—comment
Transportation: interstates go around towns; speed up transport
of goods/people
Housing: low-cost loans, most Americans own homes by 1960;
suburbs
Standard of living: many have homes, cars, TVs, washing
machines: “happy days”
Black migration: many escape Jim Crow and move to NO/West.
Cities
Baby boom: largest generation in U.S. history
Rock and roll: Elvis merges black and country producing new
genre: very popular“
“Happy Days”: OK for white, middle class, but blacks stuck in Jim
Crow
1950s


Literature of criticism –name some books and
authors
1. The Lonely Crowd (David Riesman), The
Organization Man (William H. Whyte), The
Man in the Gray Flannel Suit (Sloan
Wilson)=U.S. society=pack of conformists
2. The Affluent Society (John Kenneth
Galbraith) questions the relation between
private wealth and the public good. These
critics represent the conscience of America
1950s


McDonald’s; homogenization of society;
same cars, same homes; same everything—
what words characterize this?
Consensus and conformity
1950s


Jack Kerouac (On the Road); counter-culture
filled with casual drugs, booze, sex—name
these people
Beatniks
1954


Sec. of State John Foster Dulles’s foreign
policy—describe
“Brinksmanship”; massive retaliation; mutual
assured destruction
1957


U.S.S.R. satellite scares U.S., sparks U.S.
space program and $ for scientific educ.—
name the Russian satellite
Sputnik
1961


Ike warns of power, influence, cost of merger
of the military with U.S. industry—what do we
call this union of military and industry?
“Military Industrial Complex”
1954


Plessy ’96 and separate but equal overturned
by USSC; big victory for NAACP—name the
decision
Brown v. Board of Education
1955
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
Refuses to move; convicted; Montgomery
Bus Boycott; MLK begins; buses integrated—
name her
Rosa Parks
1957
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
Weak commission foreshadows CRA of ’64
and Voting Rights Act of ’65—name the
commission
Civil Rights Commission
1960
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
JFK ’60 campaign promises: improve Social
Security; increase minimum wage—name
JFK’s program
"New Frontier"
1960
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
4 black students NC A & T sit-in at
Woolworth’s; Jim Crow attacked; blacks winwhat is happening here?
Greensboro sit-in
1961
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
CORE sponsors interstate bus rides to attack
Jim Crow; successful—what do we call these
rides?
Freedom Rides
1961
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
Khrushchev builds wall to stop flow of East
Germans to West; Cold War increases—
name the wall
Berlin Wall
4-17-61
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
CIA-backed invasion of Cuba; Castro beats;
embarrassment for JFK—name the invasion
Bay of Pigs
1962
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
Khrushchev puts missiles in Cuba; JFK
blockades; JFK wins; nuclear war near—
name the incident
Cuban missile crisis
1962
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
Rachel Carson’s book launches
environmental protection movements—name
the book
Silent Spring
1950s-1960s
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
Early, he fights Jim Crow and he fights for
political rights, later for economic justice—
name this great civil rights leader
Martin Luther King
1963
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Betty Friedan book launches modern
women’s rights (feminist) movement—name
the book
The Feminine Mystique
1950s-1960s
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
U.S. must stop Communism; U.S. backs
corrupt govt; antiwar protests; U.S. loses—
name the war
Vietnam War
1964


LBJ says U.S. attacked in Tonkin Gulf;
Congress gives LBJ authority to fight—name
the resolution
Tonkin Gulf Resolution
1965-1972


Antiwar Movement –comment
Massive antiwar movement turned U.S.
public against Vietnam war
1964


Nobody can discriminate on account of race,
color, creed, national origin, sex—name the
act
Civil Rights Act
1965


MLK marchers beaten at bridge; leads to
Voting Rights Act later in year—name the
bridge
Selma Bridge
1965


LBJ domestic agenda: Medicare; immigration
reform; Head Start; voting rights—name
LBJ’s program
The Great Society
1965


LBJ backed this law to register blacks in
Southern states; changed Southern politics—
name the act
Voting Rights Act
1965 on


Black Militancy after 1965—comment
Frustration in cities over jobs and justice; riots;
blacks promote separateness
1960s


Black nationalist leader; for black pride and
economic self-sufficiency; wrote important
autobiography—name him
Malcolm X
1960s


SNCC; Black Panthers later—name him
Stokely Carmichael
1960s

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Head of NAACP—name him
Roy Wilkins
1960s
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CORE; Freedom Rides—name him
James Farmer
1960s


Founder of militant Black Panthers—name
him
Huey P. Newton
1968


Vietnamese Communists’ attack is beaten
back but discredits U.S. war effort—name the
communist offensive
Tet Offensive
1968


He is assassinated while in Memphis
supporting garbage collectors’ strike—who is
he?
Martin Luther King
1968
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
Treaty is first effort to put a stop to Cold War
arms escalation—name the treaty
Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty
1968


JFK brother killed while running for
president—name him
Robert F. Kennedy
1968


After RFK killed, riots hurt this city’s economy,
crime rises-name the city
Washington, D.C.
1968


What do we remember about the Democratic
National Convention in Chicago?
Antiwar riots on TV fuel antiwar movement
1968


Nixon=president on appeal to this group who
oppose 1960s protest excesses—what did he
call this group?
“Silent Majority”
1968
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
He leads a 3rd party=states’
rights=racist=against civil rights, for
segregation—name him
George Wallace
1969-1973


Nixon idea to train Vietnamese to take over
U.S. role so U.S. can withdraw troops—what
is the word that describes this?
Vietnamization
1972-1974


Nixon resigns after being implicated in
criminal wrongdoing at this hotel
Watergate
1969-1989


Give more $ and power to states; grants to
states for specific programs (Nixon)—name
this idea
New Federalism
1970


Agency created for clean water and air;
environmental protection movement here—
name the agency
Environmental Protection Agency
1972


No sex discrimination in federally funded
education programs; women’s sports gain—
what do we call the law?
Title IX
1973


USSC legalizes abortion; controversy; court
decisions over time erode—name the
decision
Roe v. Wade
1975 on


Changes in Amer. Economy—describe
Higher paid industrial jobs down; lower paid
service jobs up; 1990s=outsourcing
1970s-1980s


Détente and Glasnost –what are they?
Détente=“relaxation of tension”;
Glasnost=U.S.S.R. openness in
government—attach these words to
Gorbachev
1978


Carter brokers peace between Israel and
Egypt—what is the name of the agreement?
Camp David Accords
1979


Nuclear plant meltdown = U.S. loses interest
in nuclear power; just use more oil—name
the plant
Three Mile Island
1979-1981


Iranian Hostage Crisis –describe
Iran. terrorists keep U.S. hostages 444 days
during last year of Carter administration; U.S.
can’t cope with terrorists well
1977, 1999


Carter & Panama Canal—what happened?
Carter treaty to turn Canal over to Panama in
1999; better relations w/ Latin Amer.
Late 1970s


Carter’s economic problems--describe
“Stagflation”=high inflation/high
unemployment; high interest rates; Carter
blamed
1981


Lum’s dog is born in Los Angeles—name her
Sunshine
1980


New Right = Reagan—describe the political
agenda of the New Right
Conservative social agenda: vs. ‘60s; antiporn, abortion, homosexuality, feminism,
affirmative action; pro-prayer in schools,
tougher penalties for crimes
1980s


Cut taxes to stimulate economy (but mili. $ so
high that debt becomes staggering)—what
name to we give to this Reagan era idea?
Reaganomics
1972


U.S./U.S.S.R. treaty limits anti-ballistic
missile missiles; helps thaw Cold War—name
the treaty
ABM Treaty (Nixon)
1979


Carter fails with strategic arms limitation
talks—name the talks
SALT
1993


Russia/U.S. agree to reduce long-range
nuclear weapons—name the treaty
START Treaty (Strategic Arms Reduction
Treaty)
1983


Reagan fears Marxists in Carib. Island; sends
troops to install pro-U.S. govt.—what is the
name of the island nation?
Grenada
1986-1987


Sells arms to Iran, then give profits to
Contras; illegal; Reagan escapes (Teflon)—
name the scandal
Iran-Contra Scandal
1980s


Resurgent Fundamentalism—name a
prominent leader and the organization he
founded
Jerry Falwell, Moral Majority
1980s on


Good life=material goods; selfish; little
concern for poor or environment—name the
“ism”
Consumerism
1991


U.S.S.R. collapses into separate republics—
what does this signal in general?
End of the Cold War
1990s on


Interconnectedness of global money and
markets make isolationism impossible—what
word do we assign to this phenomenon?
Globalization
1990s on


Name some environmental Issues
Global warming; nuclear waste disposal; oil
spills, hybrid cars, clean air efforts
1991


U.S. led coalition forces Iraq out of Kuwait—
name the operation
Operation Desert Storm
1999


Clinton not convicted of perjury and
obstruction of justice—what is going on here?
Clinton Impeachment
1970s to present


What does the “Graying of America” mean?
More and more people are living longer and
have a great financial impact on health
system costs. Also, the older population is
becoming increasingly more politically
powerful.
2001 on


Terrorism 9/11/2001—name the new “ism”
that is the organizing principle of U.S. foreign
policy after 9/11
Anti-terrorism