Speciation:
How New
Species
Form!
April 5
Warm-Up: How does a species
form?
Speciation: formation
of new species!
What is a species?
A group of similar
organisms that can breed
and produce fertile
offspring
✩Formation  Speciation begins with
of New
Species
divergence: the
accumulation of differences
between groups.
Subspecies
Species: Wolves
Kingdom: Animalia (Animals)
Phylum: Chordata (Animals with notochords; A flexible
structure that forms the main support)
Subphylum: Vertebrata (Animals with backbones)
Class: Mammalia (Chordates that produce milk via
mammary glands)
Subclass: Eutheria (Placental Mammals: Mammals with
a membranous organ that develops in female mammals
during pregnancy which lines the uterine wall and
partially enveloping the fetus)
Order: Carnivora (Meat eaters)
Suborder: Caniforma (Canine-like carnivores)
Family: Canidae (See below)
Genus: Canis (Coyotes, dingos, domestic dogs, jackals,
and Wolves)
Species: lupus (Gray Wolves)
The Arctic Wolf -subspecies
 Canis lupus arctos:
The Arctic Wolf
 Habitat: The arctic
region of North
America.
The Eastern Timber Wolf- subspecies
 Canis lupus lycaon:
The Eastern Timber Wolf
 Habitat: Eastern
Canada and the U.S.
At one time found as
far south as Florida
and west as
Minnesota.
Canis lupus arabs:
The Arabian Wolf
Habitat: The desert of Saudi
Arabia.
Characteristics: The Arabian
Wolf is the smallest
subspecies of Wolf,
weighing 18 kg (40 pounds)
and standing 66 cm (26
inches) at the shoulder.
Their fur is short and of a
pale beige color.
North America
Canis lupus...
1. alces
2. arctos
3. baileyi
4. beothucus
5. bernardi
6. columbianus
7. crassodon
8. fuscus
9. hudsonicus
10. griseoalbus
11. irremotus
12. labradorius
13. ligoni
14. lycaon
15. mackenzii
16. manningi
17. mogollonensis
18. monstrablis
19. nubilus
20. occidentalis
21. orion
22. pambasileus
23. tundrarum
24. youngi
✩Forming
 Subspecies: populations of the
subspecies
Arctic wolf
same species that differ
genetically due to adaptations
to different living conditions.
Arabian Wolf
Reproductive Isolation
When members of two populations
cannot interbreed and produce
fertile offspring. Causes two
separate gene pools. Occurs in 3
ways:
 Behavioral Isolation
 Geographic Isolation
✩ Reproductive  Barriers to reproduction usually
prevent different species from
Isolation
breeding with each other.
The time
of peak
mating
activity
varies
between
species
of frogs
✩ Maintaining
Barriers to mating:
New Species 1. Geographically isolated
2. Reproduce at different times
3. Physical differences prevent
mating
4. Not attractive to one another.
5. Hybrid offspring may not be
fertile or suited to the
environment of either parent.
Behavioral Isolation
When two populations are capable
of interbreeding but have
differences in courtship rituals
(mating dances) or other
reproductive strategies.
Behavioral Mating Dance
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgnOQqLhrlw
✩ Geographic  Two populations are separated
by geographic barriers like rivers,
isolation
mountains or bodies of water.
Distinct
flightless birds
on different
continents
exemplify diver
sification
through
geographic
isolation
Geographic Isolation
Temporal Isolation- when two or more
populations reproduce at different times
The time
of peak
mating
activity
varies
between
species
of frogs
Evolution in Action:
Salamanders in California
 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/evolution/evolution-
action-salamanders.html
A Step in
Speciation:
Salamander
Speciation
Lab