Bellwork
 What is the monomer & polymer of:

Carbohydrate=

Protein=

Lipid=

Nucleic Acid=
AP Biology
Molecular
Structure of
Macromolecules
AP Biology
2007-2008
Review
 Smaller organic molecules join together
to form larger molecules

macromolecules
 4 major classes of
macromolecules:
carbohydrates
 lipids
 proteins
 nucleic acids

AP Biology
Review
 Long molecules built by linking repeating
building blocks in a chain

monomers
 building blocks
 repeated small units

H 2O
covalent bonds
HO
H
HO
H
Dehydration synthesis
HO
AP Biology
H
Target #36- I can state how a polymer is
synthesized
 Synthesis

H 2O
HO
H HO
HO
 one monomer donates
OH–
 other monomer donates
H+
 together these form H2O
H
H
requires energy &
enzymes\
 Also known as
condensation reaction

You gotta
be open to
“bonding!
AP Biology
joins monomers by
“taking” H2O out
Target #37- I can state how to break down
a polymer
Breaking up
is hard to do!
 Hydrolysis

use H2O to breakdown polymers
 reverse of dehydration synthesis
 cleave off one monomer at a time
 H2O is split into H+ and OH–
 H+ & OH– attach to ends
H2O
requires enzymes
HO
 releases energy

AP Biology
HO
H
H
HO
H
Target #38- I can identify the molecular
structure of each macromolecules
 Carbohydrates
 Characterized
by the
presence of the
atomic grouping H-COH
 Has a hexagonal
shape
 Created with a ring
of carbon molecules
 Proteins

Characterized by the
presence of the
monomer amino acid
 There
are 20 different
amino acids
 Vary in Shape
 Identified by 3
components



Amino group
Carboxylic acidic group
R group
 Lipids

Characterized by the
presence of a glycerol
and three fatty acid
chains
 Molecular

Glycerol= H-C-O
 Fatty



group
Acid Choins
Muliti-carbon chain with
many hydogens
Connects to glycerol in a
O-C=O group
Has no polymer
 The
monomer of a Nucleic Acid is a
nucleotide


Nucleotides consist of a phosphate, a
pentose sugar, and a nitrogencontaining base
Five nitrogen containing bases





Adenine
Guaninie
Thymine
Cytosine
Uracil