1. idiom (noun): A phrase or expression that means something different from what the words actually say. An idiom is usually understandable to a particular group of people. ex: using “over his head” to communicate “doesn’t understand” (Mass. Curriculum
Framework Common Core Glossary of Terms)
2. prefix (noun): A word part that is added to the beginning of a base word that usually changes the sense or meaning of the root or base word. ex: re-, dis-, com-, un-, inter - (Mass. Curriculum Framework Common Core Glossary of
Terms).
3. suffix (noun): A word part that is added to the end of a root word and establishes that word’s part of speech. ex: the suffix -ly added to the adjective immediate creates the word, immediately , which is an adverb; -ed; -er; - or; -ness (Mass. Curriculum Framework Common Core Glossary of
Terms).
4. verb (noun): A word, or set of words, that expresses action or state of being.
5. adjective (noun): A word that modifies (describes) a noun or pronoun. Old, white, busy, careful, and horrible are all adjectives. Adjectives either come before a noun, or after linking verbs (be, seem, look).
6. wretched (adjective): characterized by or causing misery ex. “It was going to be another hot August day. Another long, hot August day. Another long, hot, boring, wretched August day” (2).
7. abhorred (verb) : hated ex. “Instead he jumped on Mother’s quilt and prepared to pick apart his breakfast.
Mother’s best quilt. Mother abhorred mice”(3).
8. wharves (noun): an area to which a ship may be moored; pier ex. “I could see the masts of the ships tied up at the wharves on the Delaware River” (4).
9. victuals (noun): food or provisions for humans

ex. “If not for Eliza’s fine victuals, and the hungry customers who paid to eat them, we’d have been in the streets long ago” (8).
10. lathered (idiom - in a lather): worried or upset about something ex: “Your mother is in a lather , I promise you,” she warned. “If Polly doesn’t get her soon, she may need to find herself another position” (10).
11. dawdling (verb): wasting time ex. “I bet she’s dawdling by the forge,” I said, “watching Matthew work with his shirt collar open” (10).
12. disreputable (adjective): dishonorable; having a bad reputation ex: “I tied a disreputable straw hat atop the cap, one I could never wear in the street, and snatched a bite of dough from Eliza’s bowl…” (11).
13. robust (adjective): strong and healthy ex: “She was a healthy girl, robust . Never saw her so much as sneeze before” (15).
14. horrid (adjective): disagreeable; unpleasant ex: “She was my friend! You must allow me. Why are you so horrid ?” (16).
15. miasma (noun): harmful odors or germs polluting the atmosphere ex: “It’s the source of a deadly miasma , a foul stench, indeed” (19).
16. interjected (verb): came between; interrupted ex. “Hold there, Marks, hold there, I say,” interjected the government clerk” (20).

17. noxious (adjective): poisonous or harmful ex. “There are noxious fumes all around the district. Mark my words, it will be a killer yet”
(20).
18. fervent (adjective): having or showing great warmth or intensity of spirit, feeling, enthusiasm, etc.
ex. “One night, I fell asleep in the necessary and woke with a fervent prayer of thanks that I had not fallen in” (24).
19. impudence (noun): rudeness; boldness ex. “He snatched an apple from my basket and took a bite. The impudence ” (31).
20. demure (adjective); modest; reserved ex. “I would fish like a lady, with good posture and a demure manner “ (32).