World History
Unit 4
Connecting Hemispheres:
900 - 1800
Chapter 20
The Atlantic World,
1492-1800 A.D.
Section 1
Spanish Conquests in the Americas
Spanish Conquests in the Americas
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Objectives
To describe the Spanish conquest of the Americas
beginning with Columbus.
To describe the conquest of the Aztec and Inca by
the Spanish.
To identify the effects of Spanish colonization on
the Americas.
Vocabulary: Christopher Columbus, colony,
Hernando Cortez, conquistadors, Montezuma II,
Francisco Pizarro, mestizo, encomienda
Spanish Conquests in the Americas
Columbus’ Voyages
– Goal: trade route to Asia (west)
• gold and spices
– 1492: San Salvador
• los Indios
– 1493
• empire builder
– 17 ships, 100 settlers
• colonies
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Pedro Alvares Cabral - 1500
– Brazil for Portugal
Amerigo Vespucci - 1507
– discovery of ‘new world’
Vasco Nunez de Balboa - 1512
– 1st to gaze Pacific Ocean
Ferdinand Magellan - 1519
– 1st to circumnavigate globe
Exploration Voyages
Spain’s American Empire
Hernando Cortes - 1519
– conquistadors (conquerors)
• gold and silver
– Aztec Empire - 1521
• 600 men
• Tenochtitlan
– Aztec capital
• Montezuma II
– Aztec emperor
• Reasons for conquest
– weapons, allies, disease
Francisco Pizarro - 1532
– 200 men vs. 30,000 men
• Atahaulpa
– Incan emperor
Spain’s American Empire
New World Society
– mestizos
• mixed Spanish / native people
– encomienda
• native labor system
– Brazil
• Portuguese sugar plantations
Spanish Influence
– Florida, SW United States
• Santa Fe mission capital
• Bartolome de Las Casas
– advocate of natives
– Native Resistance
• 1680 Pope Rebellion
• Christian conversion
Spanish Conquests in the Americas
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Objectives
To describe the Spanish conquest of the Americas beginning with
Columbus.
Columbus: San Salvador, Cabral - Brazil, Magellan - globe
To describe the conquest of the Aztec and Inca by the Spanish.
Cortez - Mexico-Aztec conquest, Pizarro - Peru-Inca conquest,
disease and slavery decimate native populations
To identify the effects of Spanish colonization on the Americas.
Spanish advance to N. America, missionaries establish Catholic
missions, Native American peoples resist colonization
Vocabulary: Christopher Columbus, colony, Hernando Cortez,
conquistadors, Montezuma II, Francisco Pizarro, mestizo,
encomienda
Assessment
1) Columbus’ 1st named island
2) main reason for Columbus’ 2nd voyage
3) lands controlled by another nation
4) he claimed Brazil for Portugal
5) new continent America named for him
6) 1st to circumnavigate the earth
7) he conquered the Aztec Empire
8) this term means ‘conquerors’
9) he conquered the Incan Empire
10) define ‘encomienda’
1) San Salvador
2) Spanish settlement
3) colonies
4) Pedro Alvares Cabral
5) Amerigo Vespucci
6) Ferdinand Magellan
7) Hernando Cortes
8) conquistadors
9) Francisco Pizarro
10) native labor system
Chapter 20
The Atlantic World,
1492-1800 A.D.
Section 2
Competing Claims in North America
Competing Claims in North America
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Objectives
To identify the French, English, and Dutch colonial
activities in North America.
To summarize competing claims in North America.
To describe the Native American response to the
land claims made by Europeans.
Vocabulary: New France, Jamestown, Pilgrims,
Puritans, New Netherland, French and Indian
War, Metacom
Competing Claims in N. America
Settling North America
– route to Asia
• settle for trade / colonies
– New France
• Jacques Cartier
– St. Lawrence, Montreal
• Samuel de Champlain - 1608
– Quebec
• Sieur de La Salle - 1683
– Louisiana
• fur trade over colonies
• midwest U.S. & E. Canada
– England
• Jamestown - 1607
– gold
– 70% death rate
– 1st permanent settlement
Competing Claims in N. America
Puritan New England
– Pilgrims - 1620
• Plymouth
• separatists
– Puritans - 1630
• Massachusetts Bay
• purify
• families
– Dutch
• Henry Hudson - 1609
– Hudson Bay
• Dutch West India Co. - 1621
– New Netherland
» N. American holdings
• trade
• diversity
Dutch Hudson Bay Company
Competing Claims in N. America
Fight For N. America
– James, Duke of York - 1664
• ousts Dutch (New York)
– English colonists
• 1.3M by 1750
– French and Indian War
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1754-1763
Seven Years’ War
English defeat French
England gets E. North America
Spain gets Louisiana
– Dutch & French / Indians
• trade alliance
– English / Indians
• land and religion
• Metacom
– King Philip’s War
French and Indian Wars
Competing Claims in North America
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Objectives
To identify the French, English, and Dutch colonial activities in
North America.
French - St. Lawrence and Mississippi, fur trade; English Jamestown, religious freedom; Dutch - diverse population
To summarize competing claims in North America.
English drive Dutch from New Netherland; English defeat French
in Seven Years’ War
To describe the Native American response to the land claims
made by Europeans.
French & Dutch trade with natives; English colonies conflict;
Metacom / English in King Philip’s war; disease decimation
Vocabulary: New France, Jamestown, Pilgrims, Puritans, New
Netherland, French and Indian War, Metacom
Assessment
1) What passage were Europeans looking
for?
2) founded French colony at Quebec
3) French / Dutch traded natives for these
4) 1st permanent English settlement
5) wanted to separate from the English church
6) religious reformers who founded colony at
Massachusetts Bay
7) Dutch colony that would later be New York
8) the Europeans who had the most colonists
by 1750
9) the winners in the French and Indian War
10) Indian also known as King Philip
1) western route to Asia
2)
3)
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5)
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Champlain
beaver furs
Jamestown
Pilgrims
Puritans
7) New Netherland
8) English
9) England
10) Metacom
Chapter 20
The Atlantic World,
1492-1800 A.D.
Section 3
The Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic Slave Trade
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Objectives
To summarize the evolution of the slave trade.
To describe the triangular trade and the middle
passage.
To describe the life of slaves in the colonies.
To identify the consequences of the Atlantic slave
trade.
Vocabulary: Atlantic slave trade, triangular trade,
middle passage
The Atlantic Slave Trade
Evolution of Slavery
• Africa
– minor institution
– Islam - 7th century
• non-Muslim POWs
• 4.8 million slaves
– men - military
– women - domestic servants
• not hereditary
• European Colonies
– mines and plantations
– Advantages
• immunity to European diseases
• experience in farming
• less likely to escape
The Atlantic Slave Trade
Atlantic Slave Trade
– buying and selling of Africans for
work in the Americas
– 1500-1600: 300,000
– 1600-1700: 1.5 million
– 1700-1870: 9.5 million
• Spain
– 1511 - 1st to import slaves
– mines and plantations
• Portugal
– Brazilian sugar plantations
– 3.6 million
• Caribbean
– sugar, tobacco, coffee
• North America
– 400,000 imported slaves
The Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic Slave Trade
African Rulers
– Africans captured inland
– Slave port cities
– gold, guns, metal tools
Triangular Trade
– Europe to Africa
• slaves
– Africa to Americas
• sugar, coffee, tobacco
– Americas to Europe
Middle Passage
– 250-300 per ship
– 20% death rate
• disease, suicide, executions
The Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic Slave Trade
Slavery in America
– highest bidder
– mines, fields, domestics
– hereditary
• Resistance
– sabotage, slowdowns, escape,
rebellions
Consequences
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lost generations
families torn apart
introduction of firearms
economic development
cultural diffusion
mixed populations
The Atlantic Slave Trade
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Objectives
To summarize the evolution of the slave trade.
Spain, Portugal, Holland, France, and England import slaves; Many
Africans profit, some rulers oppose
To describe the triangular trade and the middle passage.
Europe, to Africa, to Americas;Middle passage=millions of slaves;
1 in 5 African slaves die in middle passage
To describe the life of slaves in the colonies.
Africans sold for work on plantations or mines; slaves resist through
sabotage, uprisings, escape, and heritage preservation
To identify the consequences of the Atlantic slave trade.
African families torn apart; loss of African generations; Americas
economies prosper; multicultural Americas populations
Vocabulary: Atlantic slave trade, triangular trade, middle passage