An introduction to the periodic table
What is the periodic table???
 It is a table which shows the 117 elements that
scientists have discovered.
 The periodic table is arranged such that:
1. A higher atomic weight than the one on its left.
2. Similar chemical properties to other elements in the
same column.
Information on the periodic table
 The first periodic table was devised by Dmitri
Mendeleev and published in 1869 and only had 65
elements
 117 elements
 9 classifications of the 117 elements
9 classifications
1.
Alkali Metals
2.
Alkali Earth Metals
3.
Transition Metals
4.
Other Metals
5.
Metalloids
9 Classifications continued
6.
Other Non Metals
7.
Halogens
8.
Noble Gases
9.
Rare Earth Metals
Some facts about the different
groups
 Group 1
 Alkalis
 all have the same number of outer electrons
 similar chemical properties.
Some facts about the different
groups
 Group 2
 Alkaline Earth Metals
 2 electrons
 Examples: Barium, Calcium
Some facts about the different
groups
 Group 3
 Transition metals
 3 electrons on the outside
 Rather reactive
Some facts about the different
groups
 Group 4
 Other Metals
 4 electrons
 examples: C, Pb
Some facts about the different
groups
 Group 5
 Metalloids
 5 electrons
 An example is nitrogen
Some facts about the different
groups
 Group 6
 Other non-metals
 6 electrons
 Examples: Oxygen, selenium, sulfur
Some facts about the different
groups
 Group 7
 Halogens
 gain an electron
 negatively charged ions
 Each ion has the same electron configuration as the
noble gas in the same period.
 chemically stable than the elements from which they
formed.
Some facts about the different
groups
 Group 8
 Noble gases
 Not reactive
 Atoms of these gases strongly prefer their own
electron configurations
 Featuring a full outer shell of electrons
What is an element???
 material which cannot be broken down
using chemical means
 Cannot be changed using chemical means
 basic chemical building blocks of matter.
How to read the atomic numbers
 The numbers at the top tell you the total number of
neutrons and protons.
 The number at the bottom left hand corner represents
the number of protons/ electrons as an element has
the same number of protons and neutrons.
The periodic table
Some of the elements we should
know
 Iron
 Symbol: Fe
 Transition metal
 Uses: outdoor seating, decorative fences, arbors,
trellises, skillets, Dutch ovens, cake
pans, cornbread trays and a number of other forms of
cooking hollow ware
Some of the elements we should
know
 Sulfur
 Symbol: S
 Non-metal
 Uses: meteorites, volcanoes, hot springs, and as
galena, gypsum, Epsom salts, barite
Some of the elements we should
know
 Aluminum
 Symbol: Al
 Other metals
 Pure aluminium is soft and lacks strength, but alloys
with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon,
manganese, and other elements have very useful
properties.
Some of the elements we should
know
 Zinc
 Symbol: Zn
 Transition metals
 Did you know? zinc-deficient animals require 50%
more food to gain the same weight of an animal
supplied with adequate amounts of zinc.
Some of the elements we should
know
 Hydrogen
 Symbol: H
 Non-metal
 Did you know? Hydrogen is the lightest gas. Hydrogen
gas was used in lighter-than-air balloons for transport
but is far too dangerous because of the fire risk
(Hindenburg).
Some of the elements we should
know
 Carbon
 Symbol: C
 Non-metals
 It is found in abundance in the sun, stars, comets, and
atmospheres of most planets.
Some of the elements we should
know
 Chlorine
 Symbol: Cl
 Halogens
 Chlorine is a respiratory irritant.
Some of the elements we should
know
 Oxygen
 Symbol: O
 Non-metal
 Oxygen in excited states is responsible for the bright
red and yellow-green colours of the aurora. About two
thirds of the human body, and nine tenths of water, is
oxygen.
Some of the elements we should
know
 Nitrogen
 Symbol: N
 Non- metal
 When nitrogen is heated, it combines directly with
magnesium, lithium, or calcium. When mixed with
oxygen and subjected to electric sparks, it forms nitric
oxide (NO) and then the dioxide (NO2).
Acknowledgements
 http://www.chemicool.com/
 http://www.google.com.sg/imglanding?q=periodic%2
0table&imgurl=http://www.corrosionsource.com/han
dbook/periodic/periodic_table.gif&imgrefurl=http://
www.corrosionsource.com/handbook/periodic/&h=48
0&w=580&sz=19&tbnid=G4wY8RtD2Q3AMM:&tbnh=1
11&tbnw=134&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dperiodic%2Btabl
e&hl=en&usg=__KR-goEH-LEQbPghRgsxInCdc4A=&ei=yhTIS4fJDZTDrAfczdG5CQ&sa=X&oi=image_r
esult&resnum=4&ct=image&ved=0CBYQ9QEwAw&sta
rt=0
Acknowledgements
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http://www.webelements.com/aluminium/
http://www.webelements.com/sulfur/
http://www.webelements.com/zinc/
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-some-uses-for-iron.htm
Chemicool Periodic Table. 4/16/2010
http://www.chemicool.com/
http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryfaqs/f/element.htm
http://www.webelements.com/chlorine/
http://www.webelements.com/nitrogen/
http://www.webelements.com/oxygen/
http://www.ucc.ie/academic/chem/dolchem/html/elem/group.
html