The Industrial Revolution
Kirby-CHS
*
North Clackamas School District Social
Studies Priority Standards:
 HK
2. Analyze the complexity and
investigate causes and effects of
significant events in World
History.
I Can define and explain in writing the
following key concepts:
Innovation
Cotton Gin
Steam Engine
EXCEEDING
5
PROFICIENT
4
PROGRESSING
3.5
EMERGING
3
Your K.I.M. vocabulary
is detailed and
complete (including
memory device).
Critical thinking
answers and summary
paragraph are
detailed, clear and
accurate with specific
supporting details in
complete sentences.
Your K.I.M. vocabulary
is complete (including
memory device). Critical
thinking answers and
summary paragraph are
clear and accurate with
specific supporting
details in complete
sentences.
Your K.I.M. vocabulary is
complete . (including
memory device). Critical
thinking answers and
summary paragraph are
accurate with minimum
supporting details in
complete sentences.
Your K.I.M. vocabulary
is complete –”sloppy”,
“rushed.”Critical
thinking answers and
summary paragraph are
and accurate with little
supporting details in
complete sentences.
Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution (beginning in England
during the 18th century): society shifted from
using tools to make products by hand to using
new sources of energy, such as coal, to power
machines to produce products in factories.
*
The Water Wheel
 Read through the review section on the “Water
Wheel.”
 Hi-lite or underline 3 key pieces of information
learned
 Draw a memory device to the left.
*
Mechanization of the Textile Industry
The flying shuttle, invented by John Kay in
1733, increased the speed at which cloth could be
woven.
The carding
machine was
developed by Daniel
Bourn and Lewis Paul in
1748. It speeded up the
process of brushing raw
or washed fibers to
prepare them for
spinning, called carding.
Innovation: The creation, development
and implementation of a new product,
process or service.
*
Innovations in Cotton
Spinning:
Hargreaves and Arkwright
• In 1764 James Hargreaves
invented the spinning jenny.
• It could spin eight threads
at a time.
• Richard Arkwright
developed an
improved spinning
machine called a water
frame.
*
Spinning jenny demonstration, click to view
*
The Spinning Mule
In 1779 Samuel Crompton invented the
spinning mule, bringing water power to
large-scale factory production of thread.
The spinning mule could spin large
numbers of threads at a time.
*
spinning mule machine
*
The power loom, invented by Edward
Cartwright in 1785, used mechanical
power from water wheels. It was designed
so one person could operate many looms.
The Jacquard
loom, a type of
punch card loom,
was developed by
Frenchman Joseph
Marie Jacquard
around 1804. It
automated pattern
weaving, using
punch cards to
control the design.
Cartwright
Jacquard
The roller spinning machine was
developed in 1839 by Lewis Paul and John
Wyatt. It increased the speed of making
thread. They powered their machines
using a donkey.
*
HOT Question #1:
Make a quick
horizontal timeline
showing
innovations in the
textile industry.
Include the DATE
and a ONE
SENTENCE
DESCRIPTION of
the innovation
Cartwright
Jacquard
*
Eli Whitney
• In 1793, Eli Whitney invented the cotton
gin, a mechanical device used to remove the
seeds from cotton fiber.
• Prior to the cotton gin, seeds were
removed by hand.
• Not only did the cotton gin allow faster
production of cotton, it was also capable of
processing the short fiber or "short staple"
cotton, thereby increasing the amount and
type of cotton available for the industry.
An unintended consequence of the
cotton gin was that, in expanding
cotton production in the southern
United States, it caused an increase
in the use of slave labor used to
plant and harvest cotton.
*
HOT Question #2: Create a
T-chart showing the
POSITIVE effects of the
cotton gin as well as the
NEGATIVE effects of the
cotton gin.
PAIR/SHARE your answers
*
Interchangeable Parts
• In 1778, Honoré Blanc demonstrated
that muskets could be built using
interchangeable parts.
•
• In America, John H. Hall, the inventor of
the M1819 Hall breech-loading rifle,
perfected the production of
interchangeable parts, using specialized
milling machines to produce his rifles in
1819.
Flintlock Musket
A lathe is a type of
milling machine.
*
Thomas Newcomen
• Thomas Newcomen built the first practical steam engine. It
was used for pumping water out of mines in the first decade
of the 18th century.
• His engine converted steam power into mechanical energy.
• It used reciprocal (back and forth) motion.
• It was called the atmospheric or Newcomen steam engine.
*
HOT Question #3: Make a list of three inventions
in complete sentences during this time period that
used steam power. Make a “quick sketch” of one
and title it.
*
James Watt and Practical Steam Power
• James Watt was a Scottish engineer who, in 1775,
modified the steam engine and made it practical for
industrial use.
• He is credited with the invention of the sun and planet
gear, a method of converting reciprocal (back and forth)
motion to rotary (circular) motion.
Sun and Planet Gear
James Watt
*
Steam Coaches were an early potential competitor to
trains. However, the danger of steam engine explosions and
other safety issues made them impractical.
This comic depicting two large steam coaches demonstrates the
public’s doubts about their safety.
*
George Stephenson
• George Stephenson (1781–1848) was an English
engineer.
• He built the first fully locomotive rail line in 1819,
to haul coal.
• It was eight miles long.
Locomotion Number 1
Stockton-Darlington Opening
*
Replica of the Sans Pareil
The Novelty
The Rocket
Stephenson
*
America’s Transcontinental Railway
• Railways transformed industry across the world, connecting raw
materials with manufacturing centers.
• The greatest railway accomplishment of the Industrial Revolution
was the Transcontinental Railroad in the United States, connecting
the eastern seaboard of the US with California on the Pacific coast.
• It was completed on May 10, 1869, at Promontory Summit, Utah.
• The railway ran between Omaha, Nebraska, and Sacramento,
California, with 1,777 miles of track. At Omaha, a bridge built over
the Missouri River in 1872 connected it to eastern rail lines.
Sacramento, California
Omaha, Nebraska
*
Promontory Summit, Utah
Robert Fulton’s Steamboat with James Watt’s Steam Engine
Robert Fulton (1765–1815) built the first
commercial steamboat, called the Clermont, in
1807. It used James Watt’s steam engine.
• The Clermont carried passengers between New
York City and Albany, New York.
•Fulton also designed the first practical submarine,
the Nautilus, for Napoleon Bonaparte.
•
Left to Right: Robert Fulton, the
Clermont, the Nautilus,
Symington’s Paddleboat, Marquis
de Jouffroy’s Steamship
*
HOT Question #3: Make a list of three inventions
in complete sentences during this time period that
used steam power. Make a “quick sketch” of one
and title it.
*
Industrial Revolution
 Summary/Partner comparison: Summarize the most
important facts from today’s lesson in 3-4 complete
sentences.
 Steal share two ideas from your partner and write in the
Partner comparison section.
 Show me your notes. I will initial.
*
Partner Social Studies Book Practice:
 Skim pages 263-266
 Answer questions 2-4 with your partner.
 Turn directly into me.
 Continue to work on your “Invention
Brainstorm” assignment.”
*