Technical Meeting on Topical Issues of Infrastructure Development:
Managing the Development of a National Infrastructure for Nuclear
Power
PRACTICE OF COLLABORATION WITH
LOCAL INDUSTRY IN PROJECTS OF
NPP CONSTRUCTION WORLDWIDE
L. Yanko
Vienna, 9-10 February 2010
NPP of Russian (Soviet) Design Worldwide
 Cooperation with the foreign countries since 1950s
in the fields of NPP construction, establishing of
nuclear research centres, exchange of scientific and
engineering experience, training of engineering and
scientific personnel
 Wide references:
Since 1960s more than 30 NPP units with
VVER reactors and 10 nuclear research
centres have been constructed abroad (in the
Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Finland,
Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, Rumania,
Poland, Libya, Egypt, China, etc.)
 Loviisa NPP with VVER type reactors in
Finland was recognized as one of the best
worldwide
 Unite diversified infrastructure of scientific,
engineering and production cooperation of the
partner-countries within the framework of the
Council
for
Mutual
Economic
Assistance
(COMECON)
 In the last ten years contracts for 7 NPP units
construction
our references:
Finland
Germany Poland
Czech Republic
Ukraine
Slovakia
Hungary
Romania
Bulgaria
Egypt
Libya
Kazakhstan
China
Iran
India
2
International Cooperation between Russia
(former USSR) and the Countries of Eastern
Europe in Nuclear Energy

Creation of nuclear scientific and research centers

Construction of manufacturing enterprises

Construction of pilot NPP

Exchange of scientific and engineering experience

Establishment of oint institute of nuclear research and joint activities of
Russian and foreign specialists therein

Training of engineering, technical and scientific staff
3
INTERNATIONAL SPECIALIZATION
The Agreement on multilateral international specialization and cooperation in
the manufacture and mutual supplies of NPP equipment for the period of 1981
– 1990 (June 1979)
Each country was specializing in manufacture of certain types of NPP
equipment:
 CSSR – reactor plants, steam turbines, steam generators, pipelines
of large diameters
 Bulgaria – biological shield, condensers, axial and artesian pumps
 Hungary – refueling machines, special water treatment equipment
 East Germany – bridge cranes, transport-technological equipment
 Poland – pressurizers, heat exchanging equipment, standby diesel
generator plants, in-core instrumentation systems
 Rumania – accumulators of emergency core cooling system, MCP
 Yugoslavia – bridge cranes, feedwater and special pumps, equipment
of forced multiple circulation and drums-separators for RBMK
reactors
4
AGREEMENTS

The agreements were aimed at training of national staff, joint choice and
testing of nuclear reactor option for industrial NPP from the physical and
technological points of view

NPP «Reinsberg» became a center of scientific and research activities
of the nuclear engineering industry in GDR, and when a simulator was
put in operation in 1974 it turned at the same time into a center of
training and skill raising of NPP personnel from GDR and other
countries-COMECON members

On the basis of NPP «Bohunice» was formed a large scientific and
engineering center of nuclear engineering industry of Czechoslovakia
which included the Nuclear Power Plant Research Institute (VUJE), NPP
V-1 and V-2 «Bohunice», as well as a scientific center for personnel
training
5
SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO CREATION OF
NUCLEAR ENGINEERING INFRASTRUCTURE
The large-scale cooperation with the countries of
Eastern Europe during NPP construction was
 systematic and integrated
 provided regular activities
 starting with siting
 elaboration of design adapted for concrete
conditions
 supply of complete plant for NPP and
finishing with performance of specific
installation works
 providing technical assistance by all
equipment installation supervision
 NPP commencement works and putting in
operation
6
STABILITY OF CREATED INFRASTRUCTURE

The infrastructure, created under assistance of Russian (Soviet)
organizations, demonstrated its stability to political and economical
changes

Technical and economic performances of the power units constructed with
participation of Russian (Soviet) specialists were and continue being one
of the best globally

With participation of Russian organizations, modernization activities have
been performed and are being performed presently at NPP power units in
Bulgaria, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia
7
CURRENT RUSSIAN NPP PROJECTS ABROAD
Form of intergovernmental agreements
Kudankulam
NPP, India
2 Units with
VVER-1000
Tianwan NPP, China
2 Units with VVER–1000


Commercial operation - 2007.
Principal Agreement on units 3,4 - November 6,
2007
Busher NPP, Iran
1 Unit with VVER-1000

Agreement on additional 4 Units

Additional construction site in Haripur
district
New economic conditions – MARKET
Belene NPP,
Bulgaria
2 Units with VVER1000 type reactors
Belene NPP
utility
Form of open
partnership and
international
cooperation
ASE
Siemens
8
TIANWAN NPP IN CHINA
Russian side: design, equipment and materials supply




Chinese personnel training
Computer codes handover
Contracted installation activities
NPP commissioning
Chinese side:
 Construction work
 Installation work in four buildings of the "nuclear island“ - 23rd Construction
Corporation of China Nuclear Industry
 Electric and lighting equipment, instrumentation, laboratory equipment, part of
the low-pressure pipelines and some pipe fittings
Chinese design and research organizations were involved in work on the
construction of TNPP, starting from the design stage
JSC ASE
technical responsibility for the project as whole
9
KUDANKULAM NPP CONSTRUCTION IN INDIA






Russian side:
Development of working documents
Designer’s supervision over construction
of buildings and structures
Supply of equipment and materials
Engineering support during installation
and startup
Indian personnel training
Engineering support during guarantee operation
period
Indian side:
 Implementation of construction, installation and commissioning work
at the NPP site
JSC ASE
technical responsibility for the project as whole
10
BELENE NPP CONSTRUCTION IN BULGARIA
Russian side:
 Development of working documents
 NPP power units construction on “turnkey” basis
 Bulgarian personnel training
Bulgarian side:
 According to the tender conditions participation of Bulgarian companies is
up to 30% of construction costs
JSC ASE
technical responsibility for the project as whole
11
PROSPECTS OF COOPERATION
Open Partnership and Localization
Implementation of joint reference NPP project – MIR-1200
12
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF NUCLEAR POWER
PROJECTS
 Higher capital costs
 Prolonged process of permitting
 Long construction period
 Relatively low and constant operational costs
 Significantly longer operational period (up to 60 years)
 Risks related to nuclear fuel – for population, property, environment
 Decommissioning costs and long term storage of spent fuel
Different life cycles of projects (different evaluation and financing principles) of
“expensive” nuclear plant with long operational period
and cheap plant with short life cycle
13
OPTIONS OF THE SUPPLIER & USER
INTERACTION
LOCALIZATION GROWTH WITH NPP EXTENTION:
step-by-step increase of national participation for
subsequent units
PERSONNEL EDUCATION AND TRAINING
SUBSTANTIAL USING OF LOCAL LABOR FORCES:
maximum possible participation of domestic companies
in civil works
LICENSING SUPPORT
COLLABORATION IN NPP MODERNIZATION
COLLABORATION IN PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE IMPROVING :
exhibitions, seminars, workshops etc.
14
FEATURES OF THE SUPPLIER & USER
INTERACTION
 Language of technical documentation, including procedures
Russian – English – Official Language
 Personnel training:
general education in Russian VVER technologies (operated
NPP, simulator)
specific on-site simulator training (2 years before operation)
 Differences in national regulatory requirements in user and
supplier countries:
supplier supports User’s collaboration with Regulatory
Authority
developed countries use IAEA recommendations
15
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
Needs:
•
•
•
•
•
workers’ township
roads
electricity transmission lines and grids
social services
setting up new and loading existing factories
Building and installation staff rises up to
2 200 people
During the construction more than 50 000 people
should be employed
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APPLICATION OF HUMAN RESOURCES
The nuclear energy sector is characterised by long term horizons,
technical complexities and need for knowledgeable and technically
competent staff necessary for safe operations
EXPERIENCE
IN HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT
staffing/organization
recruitment/retention
work force planning
training/education
Critical factors to have an impact on training and education:
– process of long duration
– quite expensive
– in some cases considered as correlations with specific technologies
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THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION !