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Chapter 15 –Evolution
15.1 – Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection (pg. 418)
Use your book to define the vocabulary for 15.1. Use the text not the glossary
Artificial selection
Natural selection
Evolution
Identify the four principles of natural selection
1.
2.
3.
4.
Summarize natural selection by completing the sentences below:
Natural Selection
Organisms with ____________________
traits are able to ____________________
and pass on their traits to their
________________, who then reproduce.
Those without such favorable traits are
more likely to ______________ before
reproducing.
Sequence the events and studies that led to the publication of Darwin’s ideas.
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Apply information. What have you learned about heredity and genetics that could
support Darwin’s theory of natural selection?
Section 15.2 Evidence of Evolution (pg. 423)
Scan Section 2 of the chapter. List the lines of evidence that support the history of life.
Use your book or dictionary to define the following terms. Use the in-text definition, not
just the glossary!
Derived Trait
Ancestral Trait
Homologous structure
Vestigial Structure
Analogous structure
Embryo
Biogeography
Fitness
Camouflage
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Mimicry
(The following terms can be found in chapter 14.1 pg. 392)
Fossil
Law of Superposition
Relative Dating
Infer meaning. Explain why some biologists say that “fitness is measured in
grandchildren.”
Summarize the role that anatomy plays in teaching us about evolution by completing
the table below.
Structure
What is it?
Example
Homologous Structure
Analogous Structure
Vestigial Structure
Embryo
Identify ways scientists interpret relationships among species by completing the
organizer below.
Scientists combine
data from …
…to interpret
relationships among
species.
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Section 15.3 Shaping Evolutionary Theory (pg. 431)
Use your book to define the following terms. Do NOT simply use the glossary, instead use
in-text definitions and examples.
Hardy –weinberg principle
Genetic drift
Founder effect
Bottle neck
Types of natural selection (pgs 434-436): Describe the different types of natural
selection. Include simple sketches of the graphs for each type.
Stabilizing selection
Disruptive selection
Directional selection
Sexual selection
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Reproductive Isolation (pg437): define the following terms and provide
explanations/examples from the text.
Prezygotic isolation mechanism
Postzygotic isolation mechanism
Speciation (pg 438): there are two types of speciation recognized by biologists,
allopatric and sympatric. Define the two terms and provide similarities and differences
between them.
Patterns of Evolution (pgs 439-440): Even though many details of the speciation process
remain unsolved, the evidence of speciation is visible in certain patterns of evolution.
Describe the three patterns of evolution and provide examples.
Adaptive radiation/divergent evolution
Coevolution
Convergent Evolution
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Label each model as representing divergent evolution or convergent evolution.
SPECIES A
SPECIES B
SPECIES C
SPECIES X
SPECIES Y
Share similar traits
Rate of speciation (pgs 440-441):
Evolution is a dynamic (changing) process. Sometimes traits change rapidly and other
times traits remain unchanged for millions of years.
Most scientists think that evolution happens in small, gradual steps; a theory called
gradualism. Explain how the fossil record challenges gradualism and explain the theory
that attempts to explain the differences seen in the fossil record.