April 4th, 2006
Sexually Transmitted
Infections
What have YOU caught lately?
Natalie Mulling
Vanessa Sooknanan
Lisa Elson
Daneen Bianchi
Maya George
STIs
• Group # 4
• Chapter #29
• Sexually Transmitted Diseases/
Infections
• Lesson #1
• Topic: Knowledge and Prevention
Audience Background
• College Level: 1st through 4th
STI Video
Introduction
• Sexually transmitted infections are most
commonly broken into three main
categories:
– Bacterial STIs, viral STIs and parasitic
STIs.
– Among the most common bacterial
STIs are chlamydia (also the most
frequently found STI on college
campuses), gonorrhea, pelvic
inflammatory disease (PID) and
syphilis.
– The most commonly seen viral STIs
are herpes, genital warts (HPV),
hepatitis B and HIV/AIDS, while
trichomoniasis is the most frequent
parasite.
– All types of infections can occur
whether one engages in
heterosexual or homosexual sexual
behavior.
Sexually Transmitted
Infection
• Types of STIs
– Chlamydia
– Genital Herpes
– Trichomoniasis
– Human Papilloma Virus
– Gonorrhea
– Syphilis
Chlamydia
• Chlamydia is the most frequently
reported bacterial sexually transmitted
infection.
• Chlamydia is known as a “silent” disease
because about ¾ of infected women and
½ of infected men have no symptoms.
Chlamydia — Rates by state:
United States and outlying areas, 2004
287.6
284.2
161.8
285.6
244.1
229.3
203.8
351.2
331.3
215.9
308.0
409.2
236.3
307.5
301.2
298.5
372.9 297.6
164.0
344.4
311.0
300.8
482.0
275.1
295.2
344.3
152.3 292.9
373.7
157.1
288.5
444.2
Guam 457.2
295.8
394.7
Rate per 100,000
population
317.5
485.7
609.4
183.6
134.8
205.8
319.8
274.2
202.0
361.3
362.2
344.5
385.4
654.7
VT
NH
MA
RI
CT
NJ
DE
MD
250.0
(n= 2)
<=150.0
150.1-300.0 (n= 25)
(n= 26)
>300.0
422.0
Puerto Rico 92.5
Virgin Is. 278.5
Note: The total rate of chlamydia for the United States and outlying areas
(Guam, Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands) was 316.7 per 100,000 population.
Chlamydia
• Contraction
– Transmitted during vaginal, anal,
or oral sex.
• Symptoms
– Usually no signs or symptoms
– Low back pain
– Nausea, fever, pain during
intercourse
– Discharge from the genitals
– Burning sensation when urinating
Chlamydia
• Complication
– cause Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
(PID).
– Chronic pelvic pain and infertility.
– Complication for men are rare
• Treatment
– Easily treated and cured with
antibiotics
– Single dose of azithromycin or a
week of doxycycline (2 x daily).
Chlamydia
• Prevention
– Abstain from sexual conduct
– Latex male condoms
– Annual screening test
Genital Herpes
• Caused by Herpes Simplex virus
type 1 and 2
• Nationwide, at least 45 million
people ages 12 and older (1 out of
every 5) have had a genital HSV
infection.
Primary herpes, female
Primary herpes, male
Genital Herpes
• Contraction
– Sexual contact with someone who
has HSV-2
– Can occur from a partner who has
no visible sore
• Symptoms
– Most people infected with HSV-2
are not aware of it
– Sores, flu-like symptoms
Genital Herpes
• Complications
– Recurrent painful genital sores
– Psychological distress
– Fatal infections in babies
• Treatments
– No treatment that can cure herpes
•Antiviral medication can shorten
and prevent outbreaks
Genital Herpes
• Prevention
– Abstain from sexual contact
– Infection can still occur when
infected site is covered by latex
condom
– Even correct and consistent use of
latex condoms cannot guarantee
protection from genital herpes
Trichomoniasis
• The most common curable STI in
young, sexually active women
• Estimate of 7.4 million new cases
among men and women
• Caused by single cell protozoan
Trichomoniasis
• Contraction
– Penis to vagina intercourse
– Vulva to vulva (genital area outside the
vagina)
– Women can acquire the disease from
infected man or women, but men usually
contract it only from infected women
• Symptoms
– Most have no signs or symptoms
– Irritation and itching of genital
Trichomoniasis
• Complications
– Genital
inflammation
• Treatments
– Cured by
prescription drug
Trichomoniasis
• Prevention
– Abstain from sexual contact
– Latex male condoms
Human Papilloma Virus
• Approximately 20 million people
are currently infected with HPV
• At least 50% of sexually active
men and women will have had
HPV
• About 6.2 million Americans get a
new HPV infection each year
Condyloma acuminata,
penile
Human Papilloma Virus
• Contraction
– Spread primarily
through genital
contact
• Symptoms
– Most have no signs
or symptoms
– Genital warts
Human Papilloma Virus
• Complications
– Can lead to cervical cancer (in rare
cases)
• Treatment
– No ‘cure’ for HPV
– In women it usually goes away on its
own
– Pap test usually comes back
abnormal if you have HPV
– No HPV test for men
Human Papilloma Virus
• Prevention
– Abstain from sexual
contact
– Infection can still
occur when infected
site is covered by
latex condom
– Even correct and
consistent use of
latex condoms
cannot guarantee
protection from
HPV
Gonorrhea
• Cause by the bacterium
– Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
• More than 700,000 people in US
get new infections each year
• Only half the cases are reported
Gonococcal urethritis
Gonorrhea
• Contraction
– Spread through contact with the
penis, vagina, mouth or anus
– Ejaculation does not have to occur
for it to be transmitted
• Symptoms
– Some have no symptoms at all
– Burning sensation when urinating
– White, yellow, or green discharge
– Bladder or vaginal infection
Gonorrhea
• Complications
– Pelvic inflammatory
disease (PID)
– Can spread to blood
and joints
• Treatment
– Several antibiotics
can
• cure gonorrhea
• Some have drugresistant stains
Gonorrhea
• Prevention
– Abstain from sexual contact
– Latex condoms
• When used consistently and
correctly
Syphilis
• Cause by bacterium
– Treponema pallidum
• Between 2001 and 2002, cases
increased 12.5%
• Infections are highest among
– Women: 20-24 years old
– Men: 35- 39 years old
Syphilis - Treponema
pallidum
Syphilis
• Contraction
– Through direct contact from a
syphilis sore
• Symptoms
– Primary stage
•Single sore called chancre
– Secondary stage
•Skin rash and mucous
membrane lesions
– Last stage
•Secondary symptoms disappear
•Latent-no signs or symptoms
Primary syphilis - chancre
Secondary syphilis - papulopustular rash
Syphilis
• Complications
– Sore throat, fever, patchy hair loss,
headaches, muscle aches
– Damage to internal organs
• Treatment
– Easy to cure at early stages (less
than 1 year)
– Injection of penicillin
– Will not reverse any damage
already done
Syphilis
• Prevention
– Abstain from sexual contact
– Talk to partner about being tested
– Condoms lubricated with spermicide
– Washing genitals, urinating, or
douching after sex
Testing
• Where you can get tested
–
–
–
–
Planned Parenthood
Alachua County Health Department
UF Student Health Care Center
Sante Fe Community College Health
Center
• How much does it cost?
– Variable cost
Confidentiality
• What are your rights?
The patient has the right to be provided
with appropriate privacy, including
protection from access to their
confidential information from the
individuals who are not responsible for
direct health care and by other staff
working at the health care center.
Counseling Centers
•
Location
– Alachua County Crisis Center
– Shands Hospital
– UF Counseling Center
• Cost
– Variable cost
Cultural Beliefs
• Ethical and/ or moral beliefs
• Potential limitations due to cultural
beliefs pertaining to the prevention of
sexually transmitted infections are:
- Individuals are not allowed to use
condom.
- Shame associated with using a
contraceptive
