 Naval
Officer’s Guide, Chapter 12
 The
student will know . . .
• (1) the current organization and missions of the
Department of Defense, and the relationship of
this organization to the Armed Forces, the
National Security Council, Joint Chiefs of Staff,
and unified and specified commands.
• (2) the major missions of the US Army, US Air
Force, and US Coast Guard
 The
student will know . . .
• (3) the major organizational components of the US
Army, US Air Force, and US Coast Guard
• (4) the mission and organization of the U.S. Merchant
Marine as an element of Nat’l Defense preparedness
• (5) the role of commissioned officers as members of
the US Armed Forces and know the obligations and
responsibilities assumed by taking the Oath of
Office, accepting a commission, and the
constitutional requirement for civilian control.
 The
student will know . . .
• (6) the concept of command and control as exercise
of authority and direction by a properly designated
commander over assigned forces in the
accomplishment of a mission.
• (7) the concepts of naval command and control
within the Armed Forces
• (8) the chain of operational command from the
National Command Authority to the platform
commander.
 The
DOD was created by the National
Security Act of 1947.
• (Shortly after the end of WWII.)
 It
was established as an executive
department of the government by the
National Security Act Amendments of
1949.
 Headed by the Secretary of Defense
(SECDEF)
 Three
primary provisions of the
amendments:
• Establishment of 3 military departments (Army,
Navy, Air Force) under the SECDEF
• Organization of each military department under
its own secretary
• Establishment of unified and specified
commands.
 Intent
of the National Security Act and its
amendments:
• Increase civilian control of the Armed Forces to
be consistent with Constitutional requirements
• Eliminate unnecessary duplication
• Provide more efficient inter-service cooperation
• Provide a unified strategic direction of the
Armed Forces
 Missions
of the DOD:
• To support and defend the Constitution of the
United States against all enemies
• Protect the United States, its possessions, and
areas vital to its interests
• Advance the policies and interests of the United
States
• Safeguard the internal security of the United
States
 The
Office of SECDEF was created by the
National Security Act of 1947 as the
successor to the Secretary of War.
 SECDEF is the principal defense policy
advisor to the President
 Responsible for the formulation of
general defense policy
 Who
holds this
office today?
 Who
holds this
office today?
 The Honorable
Robert M. Gates
 Established
informally during WWII and
was modeled after the British Chiefs of
Staff.
 National Security Act of 1947 made this a
permanent agency.
 Appointed
by the President from the
Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps
 The principal military advisor to the
President, NSC, and SECDEF.
 This person may not exercise military
command over the JCS or any of the
armed services.
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Organization
Chairman, JCS
Vice-Chairman
US Army
Chief of Staff
Chief of Naval
Operations
US Air Force
Chief of Staff
Commandant
US Marine Corps
 Allow
for joint operations between the
armed services. In other words, we can
effectively combine forces.
 The National Security Act requires that
each service must coordinate to fulfill
certain specific combat functions.
 composed
of forces from two or more
services
 has a broad and continuing mission
 normally organized on a geographic
basis
 Ex. US CENTCOM
 also
have a broad and continuing mission
 organized on a functional basis
 normally made up of forces from a single
service and a functional basis.
 (ex: Forces Command is primarily an
Army command)
 Used
for direction of actual combatant
forces
 Consist of task groups, task forces, etc.
 Normally change as one deploys
 Operational
Chain
of Command
 Provide
support for the operational
forces
 Normally located in CONUS because
they provide at-home support
 A “Force
Projection” Army
 Primary mission
• To prepare land forces for war
• To fight our country’s wars and win
•
Three phases or elements in an Army
operation:
– Mobilization (Active and Reserve Units)
– Deployment
– Operational
•
Operations may or may not involve
conflict
– OOTW - Operations Other than War
– Disaster relief, drug interdiction, fighting forest
fires, etc.
 Functions
of the US Army
• Organize, train, and equip forces for land-
combat operations designed to defeat enemy
land forces, seize and occupy land areas
• Provide air defense units to defend friendly
territory from air attack
• Coordinate for joint amphibious operations with
other services
• Conduct special operations
 Functions
of the US Army
• Develop doctrines, procedures, and plans in
conjunction with other services engaged in
airborne operations
• Train and provide occupational forces and
establishment of military government
• Provide humanitarian relief during national
disasters
 Functions
of the US Army
• Assist civilian communities during disturbances
• Assist with civic action programs
 Basic
branches
• Infantry
• Military Police Corps
• Armor
• Military Intelligence
• Field artillery
• Civil Affairs
• Air defense artillery
• Adjutant General
• Aviation
• Special Forces
•
• Corps of Engineers
•
• Signal Corps
•
•
Corps
Finance Corps
Chemical Corps
Ordnance Corps
Quartermaster Corps
•
Special branches
– Judge Advocate General Corps (JAG)
– Chaplain Corps
– Medical Corps
– Dental Corps
– Veterinary Corps
– Nurse Corps
– Medical Specialist Corps
– Medical Service Corps
 Secretary
of the Army (Civilian)
 Staffs
• Office of the Chief of Staff
• General Staff
• Special Staff
 Army Reserve
 National Guard
 From
smallest to largest:
• Squad (4 - 10 individuals)
• Platoon (2 or more squads, led by LT)
• Company (2 or more platoons, led by CAPT)
• Battalion (2 or more companies, led by LCOL)
• Brigade (2 or more battalions, led by COL,
BGEN)
• Division (up to 15 battalions)
• Corps (largest tactical unit)
•
Missions
– Strategic aerospace offense
– Strategic aerospace defense
– Counter air
– Air interdiction (AI)
– Close-air support (CAS)
– Airlift
– Aerospace surveillance and reconnaissance
– Aerospace maritime operations
 Strategic
aerospace offense
• The objective is to neutralize or destroy an
enemy’s war-sustaining capabilities or will to
fight.
• Attacks directed against an enemy’s key military,
political, and economic power base.
• (Example: NATO vs. Yugoslavia in Kosovo)
 Strategic
aerospace defense
• Integrate aerospace warning, control, and
intercept forces to detect, identify, and destroy
enemy forces attacking our nation’s warsustaining capabilities or will to fight.
• SAD forces provide warning and assessment of
strategic attack to the NCA through extensive
network or warning sensors, both on the earth’s
surface and throughout aerospace.
 Counter
Air
• Objectives are to gain control of the aerospace
environment.
• Offensive Counter Air (OCA)
• Suppression of enemy air defense (SEAD)
• Defensive Counter Air (DCA)
 Air
Interdiction (AI)
• The objectives are to delay, disrupt, divert, or
destroy an enemy’s military potential before it
can be brought to bear effectively against
friendly forces.
 Close-air
support (CAS)
• Support ground operations by attacking hostile
targets near friendly ground forces.
• Requires detailed coordination with friendly
forces.
 Special
Operations
• Influence accomplishment of strategic or tactical
objectives through low-visibility, covert ops.
• Conducted in enemy-controlled areas
 Airlift
• Deploy, employ, and sustain military forces
through transportation of men, equipment, &
supplies.
• Combat missions
 Air drop
 Extraction
 Air landing of ground forces & supplies into combat
 Airlift
• Combat support missions
 Logistics support transportation of personnel &
equipment
• Two perspectives of airlift
 Strategic: Inter-theater
 Tactical: Intra-theater
 Aerospace
surveillance &
reconnaissance
• Collect information from airborne, orbital, &
surface-based sensors.
• Reconnaissance ops directed toward localized or
specific targets.
 Aerospace
maritime ops
• Neutralize or destroy enemy naval forces
• Protect friendly naval forces & shipping
 Newly
defined role under The
Department of Homeland Security –
cabinet level –
 Pres. Bush est. this department in
response to Sep 11th terrorist attacks.
 Missions
• Enforcement of all maritime laws and treaties
• Search and rescue (SAR)
• Enforcement of national anti-drug policy
• Maintenance of all aids to navigation
• Ice-breaking operations
• Scientific research projects
• Environmental cleanup & control
 Missions, cont’d.
• Fulfill any military function as directed
• Boating safety in inland lakes & waterways
• Military reconnaissance (wartime)
• Safeguard ports & harbors
• Investigation of marine disasters in domestic waters
(TWA Flight 800, JFK Jr.)
• Instruct general public on boating safety
 Mission
• Augment overseas lifting capabilities of the Air
Force, Navy and Marine Corps personnel,
equipment and stores.
Organization – Maritime Administration (MARAD)
– part of DOT
MARAD administers the officer training program
at the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy
 What
act of Congress created the DoD?
 What are the SECDEF’s responsibilities?
 Who makes up the JCS?
 What is a unified command? Specified
command?
 What is the mission of the Army? Air Force?
Coast Guard?
 What are some of the functions of the Army? Air
Force? Coast Guard?
 Presentation
• 5 to 6 minutes, ppt, ovhd etc….acceptable
• Overview of paper – hit the main points and be
ready to answer questions –

Paper –
• As per syllabus – What, when why, who, where…
• Content – get into what happened (sequence of
events), why it happened, could it have been
prevented (be careful here), what was the outcome…
• Strategic Implications…..