Huck, 2003
THE TYPICAL FORMAT OF A
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Place the following parts of a
journal article in correct order…
o Discussion
5
3
o Abstract 1
o Results 4
o References 6
o Method
o Introduction
2
The abstract
What do you think is
the point of an
abstract?
The abstract presents the important points of an
article so that potential readers can get an idea
about the content of the article in a short period of
time.
The abstract is like a free sample. It helps
the potential reader decide if he/she wants
to spend time reading the whole article.
According to the abstract you’ve been given,
what information does an abstract contain?
o Reasons for doing the study and/or
Theoretical context for the study
o Method:
o Participants
o The way(s) in which data were collected
o Results
o Conclusions and connections to the
theoretical/overall context of the study
Abstract vs. Summary
 What is the difference between an abstract
and a summary?
A summary is generally longer than an abstract….
So, then, how does the content differ between an abstract
and a summary?
The content of a summary and an abstract are quite
similar; however, the summary generally provides more
details about the study in general, especially the results.
Original vs. Summary vs. Abstract
The original:
The data for this article come from an interview study, which sought to
provide perspectives on the feasibility of task-based teaching for
schooling. Its main focus was on identifying and analysing key
challenges facing successful implementation of task-based approaches
in Hong Kong secondary schools. Ten teachers were interviewed in order
to provide a direct viewpoint from the classroom. Ten teacher educators
were also interviewed to provide wider perspectives based on their
experience of working with andobserving in classrooms, both preservice and in-service teachers. Semistructured interviews were chosen
as a research method in order to permit informants to express in their
own words their views about school implementation of task-based
teaching. Interviews lasted from around 45 minutes to one and a half
hours, were transcribed and analysed inductively in order to identify
themes and emerging insights.
Original vs. Summary vs. Abstract
Summary:
In order to learn practitioners‘ perspectives
on students’ incorporation of their first
language in the task-based second language
classroom ın Hong Kong, Carless (2008)
conducts semi-structured interviews with
twenty total participants. Ten of these
participants are teachers; ten of them are
teacher trainers.
Original vs. Summary vs. Abstract
Read from the abstract. Find the lines that
address the participants, the methods, and
the objective of the study.
“This article draws on an interview study with
teachers and teacher educators on the topic of the
feasibility of task-based teaching for implementation
in schools. It focuses on a single theme from the
study: student use of the mother tongue.”
Now it’s your turn.
 Pretend that you have finished your study.
(Make up some results.)
 Write an abstract for it that contains all of the
important points of your study.
Inside the Introduction…
 Topic: İstanbul residents´ perspectives about
the positive aspects of Ankara
The introduction contains 2 parts:
1.) Background:
In the tradition of Milan vs. Rome, and Rio vs. Sao Paulo,
there is also a strong rivalry between Turkey`s two
largest cities, Ankara vs. İstanbul. Although both cities
have contributed to the growth of Turkey, Istanbul
residents can often be observed making negative
comments about their capital city.
Inside the Introduction Cont’d…
2.) Statement of purpose:
The purpose of this study was to create a list of
the most positive aspects of Ankara
according to Istanbul residents’ perspective.
Hypothesis: (sometimes here): What do you
think will be Istanbul residents’ three most
favorite parts about Ankara?
Method
 There are three parts to the method. What
are they? Materials: Procedure: Where
did the study take place?
careful
Participants:
Who conducted the
includes number,
age, gender,
description of
the tool used
to collect data
study? In what order did
events take place?
 Describe these three parts in terms of
Ankara/Istanbul study…
Results: a brief sample
 Nineteen of the fifty participants surveyed (38%)
listed “freedom from distractions” as a positive
aspect of Ankara.
 Twenty-two of the fifty participants surveyed
(44%) listed “ease of movement” or “little traffic”
as an appealing part of Ankara.
 Forty-five of the fifty participants surveyed
(95%) listed “returning to Istanbul” as their
favorite part of going to Ankara.
Discussion…a sample…
 Based on the results, it is possible to state
that a majority of the participants surveyed
have difficulty finding positive aspects about
Ankara;
 sitting on a form of transportation (that will go to
Istanbul) is considered better than spending time in
Ankara.
 The hypothesis, therefore, was supported.
Discussion continued…
 Limitations of the study: The people
administering the study were from Istanbul. It is
possible that participants’ knowledge of their
common hometown stimulated typical Ankara
jokes that istanbulites often share. This could
have contributed to the participants’ negativity.
 Suggestions for further research: To ensure the
reliability of these results, it will be necessary to
conduct the study again with researchers who
come from neither Ankara nor Istanbul.
Discussion vs. Results
 How is the results section different from the
discussion section?
The results generally provide all of the technical
(as well as numeric if quantitative) details.
The discussion, on the other hand, generally
provides a non-technical interpretation of the
results. It addresses the data from the study
in terms of the hypothesis and statement of
purpose.
And there is one more
section left…
 What is it?
References!!!! Don’t forget
them!! (Otherwise, you are a
dirty, no-good plagiarizer.)