PLANT REPRODUCTION WITH MEIOSIS
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN
SEED PRODUCING PLANTS
All living things need to
reproduce to replace ones
that die.
 Seed producing plants
reproduce by making
seeds.
 Before a seed can grow
into a new plant an egg
with ½ the amount of
chromosomes (female
gamete) must join with
pollen (male gamete) with
the other ½ of the
chromosomes to be
fertilized.
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GYMNOSPERMS
A gymnosperm is a seed plant
that produces naked seeds seeds that are not enclosed by
a protective fruit.
 They do not produce flowers.
 Examples of gymnosperms are:

 Conifers
 Redwoods
 Fir
trees
 Cedar
 Spruce
GYMNOSPERMS
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Most gymnosperms have
reproductive structures called
cones.
This is where the seeds are located.
Male cones produce pollen (male gamete).
Female cones contain at least one ovule.
 An ovule is a structure that contains an egg cell (female
gamete).
After being fertilized by the pollen, the ovule develops into a
seed.
The transfer of pollen from a male reproductive structure to
a female reproductive structure is called pollination.
Both male and female cones can be on the same tree and
are usually pollinated with help from the wind.
GYMNOSPERM REPRODUCTION
ANGIOSPERMS
Pollination and fertilization take place in the
flower of the plant.
 The seeds are in a closed ovary unlike in
gymnosperms.
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PARTS OF A FLOWER
Petals: attract insects
by their bright color
and scent.
 Sepals: Green leaves
around the outside of
the flower. Sepals are
usually smaller than
the petals. Used to
protect the flower
while it is still in bud.
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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE PARTS (PISTIL)
Stigma - sticky top part
at the top where pollen
lands
 Style - stalk that is in
between the stigma and
ovary
 Ovary - where the egg
(fruit) is formed
 Ovule – inside the ovary,
turns into seeds
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MALES REPRODUCTIVE PARTS (STAMEN)

Stamens: This is where pollen is made. It is the
male part of the flower.
 The
stamen has two parts:
 the
filament (a thin stalk)
 the anther which is where pollen is made.
BRAIN BREAK
STRUCTURE OF THE FLOWERS (PG 277)
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FYI: Male or female? Flip the peppers over to
check their gender. The ones with four bumps
are female. The ones with three bumps are
male. The female peppers are full of seeds. You
can save yourself some money by getting the
males. Who knew that they were different?
ANGIOSPERM REPRODUCTION

Sexual reproduction in a flowering plant has
FOUR main stages:
 Pollination
 Fertilization
 Seed
dispersal
 Germination
POLLINATION
A plant is pollinated when
pollen from another flower
reaches it.
 Pollen is a yellow dust and it
has to reach the stigma of
the plant being pollinated.
 The pollen has to be carried
from the stamen of one
flower to the stigma of
another.
 It is usually carried by bees
(or other small animals) but it
can be carried by the wind.

Pollination Types Video Clip
FERTILIZATION
When the pollen and the
ovule join together to make
a seed.
 The seed also contains a
food store, usually starch.
 The part of the flower
surrounding the seed is
known as the fruit.
 After fertilization the petals
and stamens wither and die.
 The ovary (which forms the
fruit) swells up, sometimes
considerably. (Ex:an apple) Angiosperms and Pollinators Video
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SEED DISPERSAL
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The job of the fruit is to carry the seeds as far as possible from the parent
plant so the new plants have room to grow and do not compete for resources
such as light, water and nutrients in the soil.
A plant will disperse their seeds in many ways:
 1. Animals: The fruit is eaten by animals such as birds but are not digested.
The seeds are pooped out. Ex: cherry, blackberry.
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2. Explosion: The fruit splits open. Sometimes this happens with a lot of force
and the seeds are shot out. Ex: beans. The pod is the fruit and the beans are
the seeds.
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3. Animals Again: The fruits have little hooks that stick to the fur of animals.
Ex: burdock.
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4. Wind: The fruits have wings or hairs and this lets them get carried by the
wind. Ex: sycamore trees have winged fruits.
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5. Water: The seeds are fall into moving water and are carried away.
SEED DISPERSAL
Seed Dispersal Video Clip
GERMINATION

Germination is the process by which the seed
actually starts to grow.
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Conditions needed for germination:
 warmth
 oxygen
 water
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Without all three (water, oxygen and warmth)
the seed will not grow.