1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Atoms
Molecules
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems
Organisms
Use the following sites to help you complete
the chart:
 www.interactivesites.weebly.com (Click on
the science link)
 www.brainpop.com (Id: svhigh,
pw:
brainpop)
 www.quizlet.com
Use this as a search engine
 http://www.shmoop.com/ (Click on for
students then click on biology)
o Forms external body
covering
o Protects deeper tissues
from injury
o Synthesizes vitamin D
o Site of cutaneous
receptors
o (pain, pressure, etc.)
and sweat and oil
glands
o Protects and
supports body
organs
o Provides a
framework for
muscles
o Blood cells
formed within
bones
o Stores minerals
o Allows
manipulation of
environment
o Locomotion
o Facial expression
o Maintains
posture
o Produces heat
Fast-acting control
system
 Responds to
internal and
external changes


Glands secrete
hormones that
regulate
› Growth
› Reproduction
› Nutrient use

Blood vessels transport
blood
› Carries oxygen and
carbon dioxide
› Also carries nutrients
and wastes

Heart pumps blood
through blood vessels
Figure 1-2(f)
Picks up fluid leaked
from blood vessels
 Disposes of debris in
the lymphatic system
 Houses white blood
cells (lymphocytes)
 Mounts attack against
foreign substances in
the body




Keeps blood supplied
with oxygen
Removes carbon dioxide
Gas exchange occurs
through walls of air sacs in
the lungs
Breaks down
food into
absorbable units
 Indigestible
foodstuffs
eliminated as
feces

Eliminates
nitrogenous wastes
 Regulates water,
electrolyte, and acidbase balance

Overall function is to produce offspring
 Testes produce sperm and male sex hormones
 Ovaries produce eggs and female sex
hormones
 Mammary glands produce milk

Figure 1-2(l)


Marty Martian was sent to Earth by the Martian
government to find life. While on Earth, Marty captured
a car and brought it back to Mars. He thought he'd
found a good example of life on Earth. The Martian
government does not believe that the car Marty
brought back is alive, so Marty was put on trial.
At the trial, Marty spoke in his defense. "I first saw these
life forms rolling along roads in great numbers. They
were giving off thick clouds of poisonous waste as they
moved. They seemed to exhibit herding behavior, as
many of the cars moved in the same direction. They
appeared to have a great deal of energy, some of
them moved faster than 60 kilometers per hour. When
one of these life forms stopped or slowed down, the
others behind it responded. They slowed down and
gave off a reddish light from the back, and sometimes
they would make honking noises. I observed that they
would stop to feed on a liquid substance."
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Metabolism
Responsiveness
Movement
Growth
Differentiation
Reproduction
1.
You are working in a lab and think you
may be observing a new organism.
What minimal level of structural
organization would you need to be
observing? What are some of the
characteristics you would need to
observe that it is a living organism?



The body’s ability to
maintain a relatively
stable internal
condition despite a
changing
environment.
Occurs within a
narrow range
Organ systems work
together to make it
happen.


Maintain
homeostasis in the
body
Have 3 keys features
› Receptor
› Integrating center
› Effector

Cells and organs
must communicate
to respond to the
change


The activity of the
effector produces a
result that reverses
the effect of the
stimulus
Reverses the change
http://www.moillusions.com/2006/03/scar
iest-optical-illusion.html


The system responds
to change in the
same direction as
the change
E.x blood clotting,
lactation,
contractions

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9uv
4OSJmLqA
Control
center
responds
Increase is
detected
Decrease
because
Set point
Normal Range
Increase is
detected
Increase is
detected
Increase is
detected
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Heating Unit is activated
Oven Temperature rises
Temperature in oven rises above 375
degrees
Heating unit shuts off
Temperature in oven deceases
because heating unit is off
Open oven door, cold air goes in,
temperature falls.
Lifeguard adds water
2. Lifeguard adds chlorine
3. Lifeguard tests for chlorine level and the
result is decreased levels of chlorine
4. Lifeguard tests for chlorine levels and
the result is increased levels of chlorine
5. Pool water level rises diluting chlorine
concentration
6. Chlorine level in pool rises
1.
1.
What would happen to the heart rate if
some stimulus caused blood pressure to
decrease? Would this occur by positive
or negative feedback?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Pancreas detects increase in blood glucose.
Increase in insulin secretion because of
increase in blood sugar and parasympathetic
stimulation.
Increased uptake of glucose due to insulin
excess converted to glycogen or fat which
causes decrease in glucose in the blood.
Pancreas detects decrease in glucose.
Physical activity causes increased
sympathetic stimulation of pancreas; increase
in epinephrine from adrenal medulla.
5.
6.
Decreased blood sugar causes
decreased secretion of insulin,
sympathetic stimulation of epinephrine.
Decreased uptake of glucose in tissue
provides more glucose for brain,
glycogen broken down to glucose,
glucose synthesized, fat is broken down
which increases glucose in blood and
release from liver.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Body temp increase is detected by receptors in skin
and brain.
Heat-loss mechanisms activated by brain’s response
to receptors.
Sweating increases, blood vessels in skin dilate which
decrease body temp.
Receptors in skin and brain cause decrease in body
temp.
Heat-conserving and heat-generating mechanisms
within the body are activated by the brain.
Blood vessels in skin constrict, shivering occurs.
Behavioral modifications take place which increases
heat in the body.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Receptors in blood vessels detect increase in
blood pressure.
Brain’s control center for heart rate responds
which decreases heart rate.
Decrease in heart rate causes a decrease in
blood pressure.
Receptors in blood vessels detect decrease in
blood pressure.
Brain’s control center for heart rate responds
which increases in heart rate.
Increase in heart rate causes an increase in
blood pressure.
o
A common visual reference
point
o Person stands with feet
together and eyes
forward
o Palms face up with
thumbs pointed away
from the body
Figure 1.3
 names of specific body
areas
 Axial region –
 Appendicular region -
Figure 1.3
Figure 1.4a
Figure 1.4b
Where is a plantar wart located?
2. Where do you take an otic
temperature?
3. If you have carpal tunnel syndrome
where is your injury located?
4. Where do you take an axillary
temperature?
5. If humans had dorsal fins, where would
the fin be located?
1.
6.
7.
8.
Women get botox to get rid of wrinkles
in which body region?
Which body region is Homer always
choking Bart?
Which body region is Dave Grohl’s
goatee growing?
Describe Gaston using body region terms
Zebra
Gaston

Which body region is
the zebra showing
you?
http://www.purposegames.com/game/f
606295531
 http://www.wiley.com/college/apcentr
al/anatomydrill/

Answer questions 5, 7 and 10-12 in your
notebook
 Yes, you must write the questions
 You do not need to write down each
answer option, just the correct answer to
the question.

Superior
 Toward the head or
the upper part of a
structure
Inferior
 Away from the head
or a lower part of a
structure
Anterior
 Nearer to or at the
front of the body
Posterior
 Nearer to or at the
back of the body
Medial
 Nearer the midline
Lateral
 Farther from the
**Midline = midsagittal
plane
Distal
(Reference to the extremities only)
Farther from the
attachment of a
limb to the trunk
Proximal

(Reference to the extremities only)

Nearer to the
attachment of a
limb to the trunk
Proximal
Distal
Carpals
Radius
Clavicle
Ventral
 Towards the front or
belly
Dorsal
 Towards the back
Write the following terms on the index
cards at your lab bench
 Superior, inferior, anterior, posterior,
medial, lateral, proximal, distal, ventral
and dorsal
 Then use each term in a sentence

Supine
 Lying face up
Prone
 Lying face down
Superficial
 Toward or on the
surface of the body
Deep
 Away from the
surface of the body
Unilateral
 Pertaining to one
side of the body
Bilateral
 Pertaining to both
sides of the body

Frontal (Coronal)
plane
› Lies vertically and
divides body into
anterior and
posterior parts

Transverse plane
› runs horizontally
and divides body
into superior and
inferior parts

Sagittal
› a vertical plane that
divides the body into
right and left halves

Midsagittal
› Passes through midline
and divides body or
organ into EQUAL right
and left halves

Parasagittal
› does not pass through
midline and divides the
body or organ into
UNEQUAL right and left
halves

Oblique
› Passes through the
body or organ at an
angle
Superior or Inferior?
1.
2.
3.
Abdomen is ________________ to the pectoral region
Oral region is ______________ to the nose
Cervical region is __________ to the tail bone
Anterior/ventral or posterior/dorsal?
1.
Nose is _______________ to the ear
2.
Knuckles is __________ to the palm
3.
Heel is ________________ to the toes
Medial or lateral
1.
Radius bone is _________________ to the ulna bone
2.
Middle toe is ___________________ to the big toe
3.
Orbital region is _______________ to the ear
Proximal or distal
1.
Fingers is ___________________to the carpal region
2.
Upper arm is _______________to the clavicle
3.
Lower leg is ________________to the thigh

Protect, separate
and support internal
organs

Divide the abdomen into nine regions

Divide the abdomen
into four quadrants
› Right upper and left
upper quadrants
› Right lower and left
lower quadrants
Anatomical Planes Quiz
http://www.proprofs.com/quizschool/story.php?title=identify-anatomicalplanes-directions--human-body
 Directional Terms Fill in
http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Introduction_t
o_Regional_Anatomy/Lesson_3
 Anatomy Drill
http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/bio
/tortora366927/resources/student/anatom
ydrill/ch1.html

Directional Terms Game
http://www.wisconline.com/Objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=
AP15305

Purpose Games Quizzes
www.purposegames.com
