1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Atoms Molecules Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organisms Use the following sites to help you complete the chart: www.interactivesites.weebly.com (Click on the science link) www.brainpop.com (Id: svhigh, pw: brainpop) www.quizlet.com Use this as a search engine http://www.shmoop.com/ (Click on for students then click on biology) o Forms external body covering o Protects deeper tissues from injury o Synthesizes vitamin D o Site of cutaneous receptors o (pain, pressure, etc.) and sweat and oil glands o Protects and supports body organs o Provides a framework for muscles o Blood cells formed within bones o Stores minerals o Allows manipulation of environment o Locomotion o Facial expression o Maintains posture o Produces heat Fast-acting control system Responds to internal and external changes Glands secrete hormones that regulate › Growth › Reproduction › Nutrient use Blood vessels transport blood › Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide › Also carries nutrients and wastes Heart pumps blood through blood vessels Figure 1-2(f) Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels Disposes of debris in the lymphatic system Houses white blood cells (lymphocytes) Mounts attack against foreign substances in the body Keeps blood supplied with oxygen Removes carbon dioxide Gas exchange occurs through walls of air sacs in the lungs Breaks down food into absorbable units Indigestible foodstuffs eliminated as feces Eliminates nitrogenous wastes Regulates water, electrolyte, and acidbase balance Overall function is to produce offspring Testes produce sperm and male sex hormones Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones Mammary glands produce milk Figure 1-2(l) Marty Martian was sent to Earth by the Martian government to find life. While on Earth, Marty captured a car and brought it back to Mars. He thought he'd found a good example of life on Earth. The Martian government does not believe that the car Marty brought back is alive, so Marty was put on trial. At the trial, Marty spoke in his defense. "I first saw these life forms rolling along roads in great numbers. They were giving off thick clouds of poisonous waste as they moved. They seemed to exhibit herding behavior, as many of the cars moved in the same direction. They appeared to have a great deal of energy, some of them moved faster than 60 kilometers per hour. When one of these life forms stopped or slowed down, the others behind it responded. They slowed down and gave off a reddish light from the back, and sometimes they would make honking noises. I observed that they would stop to feed on a liquid substance." 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Metabolism Responsiveness Movement Growth Differentiation Reproduction 1. You are working in a lab and think you may be observing a new organism. What minimal level of structural organization would you need to be observing? What are some of the characteristics you would need to observe that it is a living organism? The body’s ability to maintain a relatively stable internal condition despite a changing environment. Occurs within a narrow range Organ systems work together to make it happen. Maintain homeostasis in the body Have 3 keys features › Receptor › Integrating center › Effector Cells and organs must communicate to respond to the change The activity of the effector produces a result that reverses the effect of the stimulus Reverses the change http://www.moillusions.com/2006/03/scar iest-optical-illusion.html The system responds to change in the same direction as the change E.x blood clotting, lactation, contractions http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9uv 4OSJmLqA Control center responds Increase is detected Decrease because Set point Normal Range Increase is detected Increase is detected Increase is detected 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Heating Unit is activated Oven Temperature rises Temperature in oven rises above 375 degrees Heating unit shuts off Temperature in oven deceases because heating unit is off Open oven door, cold air goes in, temperature falls. Lifeguard adds water 2. Lifeguard adds chlorine 3. Lifeguard tests for chlorine level and the result is decreased levels of chlorine 4. Lifeguard tests for chlorine levels and the result is increased levels of chlorine 5. Pool water level rises diluting chlorine concentration 6. Chlorine level in pool rises 1. 1. What would happen to the heart rate if some stimulus caused blood pressure to decrease? Would this occur by positive or negative feedback? 1. 2. 3. 4. Pancreas detects increase in blood glucose. Increase in insulin secretion because of increase in blood sugar and parasympathetic stimulation. Increased uptake of glucose due to insulin excess converted to glycogen or fat which causes decrease in glucose in the blood. Pancreas detects decrease in glucose. Physical activity causes increased sympathetic stimulation of pancreas; increase in epinephrine from adrenal medulla. 5. 6. Decreased blood sugar causes decreased secretion of insulin, sympathetic stimulation of epinephrine. Decreased uptake of glucose in tissue provides more glucose for brain, glycogen broken down to glucose, glucose synthesized, fat is broken down which increases glucose in blood and release from liver. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Body temp increase is detected by receptors in skin and brain. Heat-loss mechanisms activated by brain’s response to receptors. Sweating increases, blood vessels in skin dilate which decrease body temp. Receptors in skin and brain cause decrease in body temp. Heat-conserving and heat-generating mechanisms within the body are activated by the brain. Blood vessels in skin constrict, shivering occurs. Behavioral modifications take place which increases heat in the body. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Receptors in blood vessels detect increase in blood pressure. Brain’s control center for heart rate responds which decreases heart rate. Decrease in heart rate causes a decrease in blood pressure. Receptors in blood vessels detect decrease in blood pressure. Brain’s control center for heart rate responds which increases in heart rate. Increase in heart rate causes an increase in blood pressure. o A common visual reference point o Person stands with feet together and eyes forward o Palms face up with thumbs pointed away from the body Figure 1.3 names of specific body areas Axial region – Appendicular region - Figure 1.3 Figure 1.4a Figure 1.4b Where is a plantar wart located? 2. Where do you take an otic temperature? 3. If you have carpal tunnel syndrome where is your injury located? 4. Where do you take an axillary temperature? 5. If humans had dorsal fins, where would the fin be located? 1. 6. 7. 8. Women get botox to get rid of wrinkles in which body region? Which body region is Homer always choking Bart? Which body region is Dave Grohl’s goatee growing? Describe Gaston using body region terms Zebra Gaston Which body region is the zebra showing you? http://www.purposegames.com/game/f 606295531 http://www.wiley.com/college/apcentr al/anatomydrill/ Answer questions 5, 7 and 10-12 in your notebook Yes, you must write the questions You do not need to write down each answer option, just the correct answer to the question. Superior Toward the head or the upper part of a structure Inferior Away from the head or a lower part of a structure Anterior Nearer to or at the front of the body Posterior Nearer to or at the back of the body Medial Nearer the midline Lateral Farther from the **Midline = midsagittal plane Distal (Reference to the extremities only) Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk Proximal (Reference to the extremities only) Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk Proximal Distal Carpals Radius Clavicle Ventral Towards the front or belly Dorsal Towards the back Write the following terms on the index cards at your lab bench Superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, proximal, distal, ventral and dorsal Then use each term in a sentence Supine Lying face up Prone Lying face down Superficial Toward or on the surface of the body Deep Away from the surface of the body Unilateral Pertaining to one side of the body Bilateral Pertaining to both sides of the body Frontal (Coronal) plane › Lies vertically and divides body into anterior and posterior parts Transverse plane › runs horizontally and divides body into superior and inferior parts Sagittal › a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left halves Midsagittal › Passes through midline and divides body or organ into EQUAL right and left halves Parasagittal › does not pass through midline and divides the body or organ into UNEQUAL right and left halves Oblique › Passes through the body or organ at an angle Superior or Inferior? 1. 2. 3. Abdomen is ________________ to the pectoral region Oral region is ______________ to the nose Cervical region is __________ to the tail bone Anterior/ventral or posterior/dorsal? 1. Nose is _______________ to the ear 2. Knuckles is __________ to the palm 3. Heel is ________________ to the toes Medial or lateral 1. Radius bone is _________________ to the ulna bone 2. Middle toe is ___________________ to the big toe 3. Orbital region is _______________ to the ear Proximal or distal 1. Fingers is ___________________to the carpal region 2. Upper arm is _______________to the clavicle 3. Lower leg is ________________to the thigh Protect, separate and support internal organs Divide the abdomen into nine regions Divide the abdomen into four quadrants › Right upper and left upper quadrants › Right lower and left lower quadrants Anatomical Planes Quiz http://www.proprofs.com/quizschool/story.php?title=identify-anatomicalplanes-directions--human-body Directional Terms Fill in http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Introduction_t o_Regional_Anatomy/Lesson_3 Anatomy Drill http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/bio /tortora366927/resources/student/anatom ydrill/ch1.html Directional Terms Game http://www.wisconline.com/Objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID= AP15305 Purpose Games Quizzes www.purposegames.com