Cancer PREVENTION
• “Take charge of your life and learn as much as you can
about illness.
Knowledge generates hope.”
Lance Armstrong
Winner of 6 Tour de France Titles
and Cancer Survivor
Thurs, Nov. 16- Online reading Quiz due
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4 Leading Risk Factors of Cancer
Tobacco Use
Diet and obesity
Sedentary lifestyle
Overexposure to the sun
2
What is Cancer?
Definition: Diseases of malignant
Cells
Tumor: a mass of tissue that serves
no purpose.
Malignant tumor: cancerous
Benign tumor:noncancerous
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How Cancer Spreads
Metastasis: the spreading of cancer
cells
Cells break away from primary tumor and
invade surrounding tissues or travel
through the blood and lymphatic system.
Secondary tumor or metastases
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Malignant Tumors
Carcinomas - most common - Linings, tubes, cavities
and secretion glands.

Sarcomas: arise in connective and fibrous tissues. Bone,
muscle, cartilage and membranes covering muscle or fat.

Lymphomas:
Leukemia:
Cancers of the lymph nodes.
Cancer of the blood-forming cells in bone
marrow.
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The Incidence of Cancer
1.3 million Americans are diagnosed
yearly
More than half will be cured.
About 40% will die as a result of
cancer.
1 in 2 men and 1 in 3 women will be
develop cancer during their lifetime.
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What type of cancer has the
highest mortality rate (for
men and women)?
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The Big Four of Cancer
Highest Mortality Rate
Lung: #1 for men and women
Colon: #2 for men and women
Breast: #1 for women
Prostate: #1 for men
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Cancer Death Rates*, All Sites Combined,
All Races, US, 1975-2001
300
Rate Per 100,000
Men
250
Both Sexes
200
Women
150
100
50
2001
1999
1997
1995
1993
1991
1989
1987
1985
1983
1981
1979
1977
1975
0
*Age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population.
Source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, 1975-2001, Division of Cancer
Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 2004.
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Cancer Death Rates*, for Men,
US,1930-2001
100 Rate Per 100,000
Lung & bronchus
80
60
Stomach
Prostate
40
Colon & rectum
20
Pancreas
*Age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population.
Source: US Mortality Public Use Data Tapes 1960-2001, US Mortality Volumes 1930-1959,
National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004.
2000
1995
1990
1985
1980
1975
1970
1965
1960
Liver
1955
1950
1945
1940
1935
Leukemia
1930
0
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Lifetime Probability of Developing Cancer,
By Site, Men, US, 1999-2001
Site
All sites
Prostate
Risk
1 in 2
1 in 6
Lung and bronchus
1 in 13
Colon and rectum
1 in 17
Urinary bladder
1 in 28
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
1 in 46
Melanoma
1 in 53
Kidney
1 in 67
Leukemia
1 in 68
Oral Cavity
1 in 73
Stomach
1 in 81
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Source: DevCan: Probability of Developing or Dying of Cancer Software, Version 5.2 Statistical Research and
Applications Branch, NCI, 2004. http://srab.cancer.gov/devcan
Testicular Cancer
The Cancer Society estimates that in the year
2006 about ___________new cases of
testicular cancer will be diagnosed in the
United States.
An estimated ________ men will die of
testicular cancer in the year 2005.
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Testicular Cancer
The Cancer Society estimates that in the year 2006 about
8,010 new cases of testicular cancer will be diagnosed in
the United States.
An estimated 390 American men will die of testicular cancer
in the year 2005.
• Testicular cancer is one of the most curable forms of cancer.
Prevention- Testicular self-exams
• Studies show that the cure rate exceeds 90% in all stages combined.
• The 5-year survival rate for stage I testicular cancer is 99%.
Lance on-Line! http://www.laf.org
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Cancer Death Rates*, for Women,
US,1930-2001
100
Rate Per 100,000
80
60
Lung & bronchus
40
Uterus
Breast
Colon & rectum
Stomach
20
Ovary
*Age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population.
Source: US Mortality Public Use Data Tapes 1960-2001, US Mortality Volumes 1930-1959,
National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004.
2000
1995
1990
1985
1980
1975
1970
1965
1960
1955
1950
1945
1940
1935
Pancreas
1930
0
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Lifetime Probability of Developing Cancer,
By Site, Women, US, 1999-2001
Site
Risk
All sites
Breast
1 in 3
1 in 7
Lung & bronchus
1 in 18
Colon & rectum
1 in 18
Uterine corpus
1 in 38
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
1 in 56
Ovary
1 in 68
Melanoma
1 in 78
Pancreas
1 in 81
Urinary bladder
1 in 88
Uterine cervix
1 in 130
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Source:DevCan: Probability of Developing or Dying of Cancer Software, Version 5.2 Statistical Research and
Applications Branch, NCI, 2004. http://srab.cancer.gov/devcan
Cancer Death Rates*, by Race and
Ethnicity, 1997-2001
400
Men
Women
347.3
350
300
250
200
245.5
196.5
165.5
174.0
167.0
151.2
150
100.5
113.4
111.6
100
50
0
White
African American
Asian/Pacific Islander
American Indian/
Alaskan Native
Hispanic†
*Per 100,000, age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population.
† Hispanic is not mutually exclusive from whites, African Americans, Asian/Pacific Islanders, and American Indians.
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Source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, 1975-2001, Division of Cancer Control and
Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 2004.
Cancer Incidence Rates* by Sex and Race,
All Sites, 1975-2001
900 Rate Per 100,000
800
700
African American men
600
White men
500
White women
400
African American women
300
200
2001
1999
1997
1995
1993
1991
1989
1987
1985
1983
1981
1979
1977
0
1975
100
*Age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population.
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Source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, 1975-2001, Division of Cancer Control and
Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 2004.
Common Cancers
Skin Cancer: Most common form of cancer
Easily detected and highly curable
Exposure to ultraviolet rays during childhood
Common cause - sunburns and suntans
Types:
Basal and Squamous
Melanoma - more dangerous form
Prevention
Detection and Treatment
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Sunburn* Prevalence (%) in the Past Year,
Adults 18 and Older, US, 1999
50
Age-Adjusted Prevalence (%)
45
44.1
White nonHispanic
40
35.3
American
Indian/Alaskan
Native
35
30
25
27.4
Other
23.5
22.0
18.0
20
13.3
15
10
Asian/ Pacific
Islander
11.0
5.3
5.1
5
Black nonHispanic
0
Male
Female
*Reddening of any part of the skin (regardless of size) for more than 12 hours. Source: Saraiya et al. Am J Prev
Med 2002;23(2). Note: The overall prevalence of sunburn among adult males is 39.7% and among females is
28.8%. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System CD-ROM, 1999. National Center for Disease Prevention and
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Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2000.
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Screening Guidelines for the Early Detection of Breast
Cancer, American Cancer Society
 Yearly mammograms are recommended starting at age 40 and
continuing for as long as a woman is in good health.
A clinical breast exam should be part of a periodic health exam
-about every three years for women in their 20s and 30s
-every year for women 40 and older.
Monthly Breast self-exams for women starting in their 20s.
Women at increased risk (e.g., family history, genetic tendency,
past breast cancer) should talk with their doctors about the benefits
and limitations of starting mammography screening earlier, having
additional tests (i.e., breast ultrasound and MRI), or having more
frequent exams.
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Foods That Contain CancerPreventing Substances
Broccoli
Brussels sprouts
Cabbage
Cauliflower
Carrots
Red peppers
Tomato
Sweet potato
Collard greens
Green Tea
Kale
Spinach
Apricot
Cantaloupe
Grapefruit
Orange
Papaya
Peach
Plum
Watermelon
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Links to Cancer
Inactivity and Obesity
Linked to colon cancer
Benefits of Physical Activity
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Carcinogens in the Environment
Ingested Chemicals
Environmental and Industrial pollution
Radiation
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Detecting Cancer
Self Monitoring is Essential
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www.cancer.org
Cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death in the
U.S. (after heart disease)
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Your Immune system
Think of:
► Your body as a country
► The immune system as that country's
defense forces
► Viruses, bacteria, and parasites as a
hostile, foreign army
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Prevention
Lifestyle Choices
Stress Management and your Immune
System
Early Detection
7 Cancer Warning Signs
Self Exams
Screenings
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Cancer Treatment
Get a 2nd Opinion
Do your homework! (Research viable
treatments, side effects, benefits and
risks)
# cases treated for specific cancer
Clinical Trials
www.cancer.org
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Detecting, Diagnosing and
Treating Cancer
Proven Treatments:
Surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Bone Marrow/Stem Cell
Transplants
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Laughter Therapy??!
Laughter is a form of internal jogging. It
moves your internal organs around. It
enhances respiration. It is an igniter of
great expectations.
Norman Cousins
Who is Norman Cousins?
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Life is what happens when you’re
making other plans.
John Lennon
Laugh loud and often
Devour your weekend.
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