Name:
Honors Kinesiology
Period:
Unit 2/Chapter 6: Integumentary System (p. 169-191)
OBJECTIVES:
1. Explain why the skin is called the cutaneous membrane.
2. Name the layers of the skin, describe the structure (tissues) of each, and name a general
function of each.
3. Discuss the four cell types present in the epidermis.
4. List the four/five layers of the epidermis and explain the process of keratinization.
5. Explain the protective role of keratin, and in turn, the epidermis.
6. Name the pigment responsible for skin and hair color, and explain how people of different
races (i.e. and skin color) differ in regards to it, and the cell that produces it.
7. List some factors that promote the production of melanin (besides DNA).
8. Distinguish between the papillary layer and reticular layer of the dermis, and locate the
appropriate sensory receptor in each of these layers.
9. Compare and contrast tactile (Meissner’s) and lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles in terms of
their structure, function, and location.
10. Describe the structure and function of the subcutaneous layer.
11. Explain what is meant by the term epidermal derivative, and list four examples.
12. Describe the general structure of a hair follicle and identify two other structures that are
usually associated with them.
13. Distinguish between merocrine (eccrine) and apocrine sweat glands in terms of structure,
secretion content and odor, activation, and major body locations.
14. Name two modified apocrine glands of the skin.
15. Describe the structure, function, secretion, and location of sebaceous glands.
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16. Discuss the many functions of skin.
17. Describe some major homeostatic imbalances of the skin.
18. Sketch a typical layer of skin and label each layer and all structures. Then in complete
sentences, discuss the function of each layer and structure.
19. Discuss heat production and loss as it relates to the integumentary system.
20. Define the terms hyperthermia and hypothermia and discuss the cause(s) of each condition.
21. Discuss the healing of cuts/wounds that occur to the skin.
22. Distinguish between 1st degree, 2nd degree, and 3rd degree burns, and discuss the
process by which each burn heals.
1. Understanding Words (p. 169): define, give an example and define the following:
1.1. alb1.2. cut1.3. derm1.4. epi1.5. folic1.6. hol1.7. kerat1.8. melan1.9. por1.10.
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2. List 8 skin functions (p. 170 and green box):
2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
2.5.
2.6.
2.7.
2.8.
3. Explain Vitamin D synthesis (p. 170 green box):
4. Describe the 2 layers that comprise the skin as well as their components (p. 171):
4.1.
4.2.
4.3. describe the deeper layer just under the skin:
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5. Read the green box (p. 171) about medication administration.
5.1. What are three types of injections and where is the medication administered?
5.1.1.
5.1.2.
5.1.3.
5.2. What is another non-injection mode of delivery that is described?
6. Label the following diagram as per Figure 6.2 on p. 172:
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7. Describe the epidermis and explain how cells are rejuvenated. How can new cells be
produced if epidermal cells are avascular?:
8. Label the epidermis below (Fig 6.3 on p. 173):
9. Explain (in detail) keratinization (p. 172):
10. Explain why bed-ridden patients need to be rolled-over regularly (green box p. 171):
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11. Where does melanin originate from (what tissue specifically) and what is its purpose (p.
174)?
12. After reading the green box on p. 174,:
12.1.
explain how sunburns affect skin tissue –
12.2.
explain the significance of peeling -
12.3.
hypothesize why tanned skin loses elasticity over time –
13. Read Clinical Application 6.1 on p. 175 (Skin Cancer) and answer the following:
13.1.
Who is at risk for cutaneous carcinomas?
13.2.
Who is at risk of developing cutaneous melanomas?
13.3.
Using your existing knowledge of cancer as well as Fig 6.2a (p. 172), Fig 6.3a (p.
173) and Fig 6.4 (p. 174), hypothesize why cutaneous melanomas are so deadly.
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14. List 8 structures that the dermis contains:
14.1.
14.2.
14.3.
14.4.
14.5.
14.6.
14.7.
14.8.
15. What are three examples of dermal sensory receptors and what do they sense? (p. 176)
15.1.
15.2.
15.3.
16. Please label Fig 6.5a (p. 177) below:
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17. Describe Hair growth (p. 177):
18. Describe nail growth and label 6.7 below (p. 178-179):
19. Describe sebaceous glands (p. 179, Table 6.2 on p. 181). How do they secrete? What do
they secrete? What is their purpose?
20. What are the two types of sweat (sodoriferous) glands? Describe their functions. (p. 179)
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21. Label Fig 6.9 (p. 180):
22. Read Clinical Application 6.3 Acne (p. 181) and summarize its causes and common
misconceptions:
23. Explain what happen when the body temperature increases (p. 180):
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24. Explain the four types of means of heat loss:
24.1.
24.2.
24.3.
24.4.
25. Explain what happens when the body temperature drops:
Be familiar with Fig 6.11 on p. 182: Temperature Homeostasis
26. Explain some problems in temperature regulation specifically humidity, hyperthermia,
hypothermic and risk factors: (p. 182-183)
27. Read Clinical Application 6.4: Elevated Body Temperature (p. 183) and discuss the etiology
(cause) of fever and methods to lower it:
28. If all individuals have the same number of melanocytes, then why do we all have different
skin tones? (p. 184):
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29. Explain how the following physiological factors affect skin color (p. 184):
29.1.1. Well oxygenated
29.1.2. Hypoxia (low oxygen)
29.1.3. Vasodilation
29.1.4. Vasoconstriction
29.1.5. Liver dysfunction
30. What is inflammation due to? (p. 185)
31. Summarize the healing process post-laceration (after a cut): (p. 185)
32. Differentiate between the three types of burns (p. 185-187):
33. Know Fig 6.14 Rule of Nines (p. 187). Take notes here:
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Read Life-Span Changes (p. 187-188) and explain:
34. Why do older people tend to have dry, wrinkled skin?
35. Why do their wounds tend to take longer to heal?
36. What happens to their abilities to sense pain and control their body temperature?
37. What happens to their bone structure?
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